Genetic Analysis of Grain Yield and Associated Traits in Some Selected Inbred Lines of Maize (Zea Mays L.). PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Genetic Analysis of Grain Yield and Associated Traits in Some Selected Inbred Lines of Maize (Zea Mays L.). PDF full book. Access full book title Genetic Analysis of Grain Yield and Associated Traits in Some Selected Inbred Lines of Maize (Zea Mays L.). by M. Surya Prakash. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: M. Surya Prakash
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 93
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: M. Surya Prakash
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 93
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Pradeep Kumar P.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 75
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: S. Venkatesh
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 92
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: P. Yadagiri
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 142
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Arnel R. Hallauer
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1441907661
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 669
Get Book Here
Book Description
Maize is used in an endless list of products that are directly or indirectly related to human nutrition and food security. Maize is grown in producer farms, farmers depend on genetically improved cultivars, and maize breeders develop improved maize cultivars for farmers. Nikolai I. Vavilov defined plant breeding as plant evolution directed by man. Among crops, maize is one of the most successful examples for breeder-directed evolution. Maize is a cross-pollinated species with unique and separate male and female organs allowing techniques from both self and cross-pollinated crops to be utilized. As a consequence, a diverse set of breeding methods can be utilized for the development of various maize cultivar types for all economic conditions (e.g., improved populations, inbred lines, and their hybrids for different types of markets). Maize breeding is the science of maize cultivar development. Public investment in maize breeding from 1865 to 1996 was $3 billion (Crosbie et al., 2004) and the return on investment was $260 billion as a consequence of applied maize breeding, even without full understanding of the genetic basis of heterosis. The principles of quantitative genetics have been successfully applied by maize breeders worldwide to adapt and improve germplasm sources of cultivars for very simple traits (e.g. maize flowering) and very complex ones (e.g., grain yield). For instance, genomic efforts have isolated early-maturing genes and QTL for potential MAS but very simple and low cost phenotypic efforts have caused significant and fast genetic progress across genotypes moving elite tropical and late temperate maize northward with minimal investment. Quantitative genetics has allowed the integration of pre-breeding with cultivar development by characterizing populations genetically, adapting them to places never thought of (e.g., tropical to short-seasons), improving them by all sorts of intra- and inter-population recurrent selection methods, extracting lines with more probability of success, and exploiting inbreeding and heterosis. Quantitative genetics in maize breeding has improved the odds of developing outstanding maize cultivars from genetically broad based improved populations such as B73. The inbred-hybrid concept in maize was a public sector invention 100 years ago and it is still considered one of the greatest achievements in plant breeding. Maize hybrids grown by farmers today are still produced following this methodology and there is still no limit to genetic improvement when most genes are targeted in the breeding process. Heterotic effects are unique for each hybrid and exotic genetic materials (e.g., tropical, early maturing) carry useful alleles for complex traits not present in the B73 genome just sequenced while increasing the genetic diversity of U.S. hybrids. Breeding programs based on classical quantitative genetics and selection methods will be the basis for proving theoretical approaches on breeding plans based on molecular markers. Mating designs still offer large sample sizes when compared to QTL approaches and there is still a need to successful integration of these methods. There is a need to increase the genetic diversity of maize hybrids available in the market (e.g., there is a need to increase the number of early maturing testers in the northern U.S.). Public programs can still develop new and genetically diverse products not available in industry. However, public U.S. maize breeding programs have either been discontinued or are eroding because of decreasing state and federal funding toward basic science. Future significant genetic gains in maize are dependent on the incorporation of useful and unique genetic diversity not available in industry (e.g., NDSU EarlyGEM lines). The integration of pre-breeding methods with cultivar development should enhance future breeding efforts to maintain active public breeding programs not only adapting and improving genetically broad-based germplasm but also developing unique products and training the next generation of maize breeders producing research dissertations directly linked to breeding programs. This is especially important in areas where commercial hybrids are not locally bred. More than ever public and private institutions are encouraged to cooperate in order to share breeding rights, research goals, winter nurseries, managed stress environments, and latest technology for the benefit of producing the best possible hybrids for farmers with the least cost. We have the opportunity to link both classical and modern technology for the benefit of breeding in close cooperation with industry without the need for investing in academic labs and time (e.g., industry labs take a week vs months/years in academic labs for the same work). This volume, as part of the Handbook of Plant Breeding series, aims to increase awareness of the relative value and impact of maize breeding for food, feed, and fuel security. Without breeding programs continuously developing improved germplasm, no technology can develop improved cultivars. Quantitative Genetics in Maize Breeding presents principles and data that can be applied to maximize genetic improvement of germplasm and develop superior genotypes in different crops. The topics included should be of interest of graduate students and breeders conducting research not only on breeding and selection methods but also developing pure lines and hybrid cultivars in crop species. This volume is a unique and permanent contribution to breeders, geneticists, students, policy makers, and land-grant institutions still promoting quality research in applied plant breeding as opposed to promoting grant monies and indirect costs at any short-term cost. The book is dedicated to those who envision the development of the next generation of cultivars with less need of water and inputs, with better nutrition; and with higher percentages of exotic germplasm as well as those that pursue independent research goals before searching for funding. Scientists are encouraged to use all possible breeding methodologies available (e.g., transgenics, classical breeding, MAS, and all possible combinations could be used with specific sound long and short-term goals on mind) once germplasm is chosen making wise decisions with proven and scientifically sound technologies for assisting current breeding efforts depending on the particular trait under selection. Arnel R. Hallauer is C. F. Curtiss Distinguished Professor in Agriculture (Emeritus) at Iowa State University (ISU). Dr. Hallauer has led maize-breeding research for mid-season maturity at ISU since 1958. His work has had a worldwide impact on plant-breeding programs, industry, and students and was named a member of the National Academy of Sciences. Hallauer is a native of Kansas, USA. José B. Miranda Filho is full-professor in the Department of Genetics, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz - University of São Paulo located at Piracicaba, Brazil. His research interests have emphasized development of quantitative genetic theory and its application to maize breeding. Miranda Filho is native of Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil. M.J. Carena is professor of plant sciences at North Dakota State University (NDSU). Dr. Carena has led maize-breeding research for short-season maturity at NDSU since 1999. This program is currently one the of the few public U.S. programs left integrating pre-breeding with cultivar development and training in applied maize breeding. He teaches Quantitative Genetics and Crop Breeding Techniques at NDSU. Carena is a native of Buenos Aires, Argentina. http://www.ag.ndsu.nodak.edu/plantsci/faculty/Carena.htm
Author: G. O. Edmeades
Publisher: CIMMYT
ISBN: 9789686923933
Category : Corn
Languages : en
Pages : 580
Get Book Here
Book Description
Incidence and intensity of drought and low N stresss in the tropics; Case studies strategies for crop production under drought and low n stresses in the tropics; Stress physology and identification of secondary traits; Physiology of low nitrogen stress; Breeding for tolerance to drought and low n stresses; General breeding strategies for stress tolerance; Progress in breeding drought tolerance; Progress in breeding low nitrogen tolerance; Experimental design and software.
Author: Manoj Kandel
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783668809529
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 44
Get Book Here
Book Description
Master's Thesis from the year 2018 in the subject Biology - Botany, grade: A, language: English, abstract: Twenty maize genotypes were tested in alpha-lattice design with two replications in research block of National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan from February to June, 2016 to evaluate maize inbred lines for their genetic components association among yield components and correlation and stress tolerance indices. Shorter ASI was found in RML-17, RML-57, RL-107, RL-140, RML-91 whereas more leaf area index in NML-2, RML-91, and RML-24 respectively. Inbred lines, RML-91, RML-17, RML-20, RL-140, RL-140, RML-91 and NML-2 were found lower tassel blast and leaf firing percentage respectively. Inbred lines, RML-76, RML-115, RML-4, RL-111 showed slower leaf senescence and RML-57, RL-101, RML-11, RL-107 showed significant higher value of SPAD chlorophyll content. Heritability and correlation analysis revealed that grain yield, number of kernel ear-1, silk receptivity, shelling percentage, thousand kernel weight plant and ear heights showed presence of additive gene effect and those traits direct could be used as direct selection to improve maize grain yield under heat stress condition. With attention to high negative correlation with anthesis silking interval, tassel blast, leaf firing with grain yield the minimum of anthesis silking interval, tassel blast and leaf firing were the most important index required further genotyping for development of thermo-tolerance lines. Cluster and PCA analysis revealed that cluster 4 genotype named as RL-140, RML-76, RML-40 and RML-91 were found to be tolerant to heat stress with higher value of grain yield and other desirable traits and lower leaf firing, Tassel blast and itermediate of anthesis-silking interval which were suitable for cultivation under heat stress condition.Based on stress tolerance indices and their correlation analysis, RML-91, RML-140 appeared as having high yield potential and low stress susceptibility u
Author: B. Venugopal
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 137
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Andrew Jon Ross
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 252
Get Book Here
Book Description
Maize (Zea mays L.) ear length is positively correlated with grain yield. Thirty generations of selection for increased ear length, however, failed to increase grain yield in Iowa Long-Ear Synthetic (BSLE). Negative correlations between ear length and other yield-related traits complicated indirect selection for grain yield. The main objective of this investigation was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) that affect the variation of ear length, grain yield, and other ear traits, and the correlations among traits. Secondary objectives were to validate QTL by comparing their genetic positions across generations, environments, and other populations. QTL were mapped in the F2 and F[subscript 2:3] generations of a bi-parental population. The inbred parents differed in ear length by 14 cm, and were derived from the divergent sub-populations of BSLE. More QTL were detected for ear length (16), kernel-row number (12), and kernel depth (6) than detected in prior QTL studies. Eighty percent of the alleles for increased trait values originated from the parent with the higher trait value. Most QTL were validated by one of the three methods. More than 67% of the QTL were identified in at least two F[subscript 2:3] environments. Forty-three percent of the QTL from the F[subscript 2:3] mean environment were previously identified in the F2. Seven QTL for ear length, one for kernel-row number, and two for grain yield seemed to coincide with QTL in other populations. Traits with higher heritabilities generally had more coincidental QTL, and traits with lower heritabilities generally had fewer coincidental QTL. QTL positions and the parental origin of alleles agreed with the direction of the genetic correlation coefficients. The magnitude of the correlations was generally explained by the frequency of QTL that coincided or were genetically linked. Repulsion-phase linkage between ear length and grain yield QTL near the centromere of chromosome 5 may have caused the failure of ear length selection in BSLE to increase grain yield. QTL on chromosome 6 exemplified the genetic basis for the positive correlation between ear length and grain yield.
Author: F. M. Ali Haydar
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783659542220
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 172
Get Book Here
Book Description
The present study was carried out to obtain information about the performance of maize inbred lines, genetic diversity, gene action and assessment of the combining ability of parental lines and their F1s by using diallel fashion. Cob length, number of kernels/row and no. of grains/cob could be the important selection criteria in the improvement of maize lines and hybrids for higher grain yield. The average inter-cluster was always higher than the average intra-cluster distance suggesting wider genetic diversity among the inbred lines of the groups. From Wr-Vr graph it has been noticed that expression of dominant and recessive alleles in the parents was influenced by environment as the same parent showed different positions on graphs. From this study, it is concluded that parents with recessive and dominant genes can also contribute towards high yield. Only 5 crosses had higher grain yield. Of these crosses, P1xP2, P2xP5, P4xP5 and P5xP6 were considered promising hybrids and will be tested in yield trials for further evaluation.
