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Author: Ranko Matasović
Publisher: Universitatsverlag Winter
ISBN:
Category : Foreign Language Study
Languages : en
Pages : 256
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Book Description
This book discusses the origin and history of the grammatical category of gender in the Indo-European family of languages. Gender systems of Proto-Indo-European (PIE), and of the various daughter languages are assessed from historical, typological, and areal points of view. In addition, common properties and tendencies (or drift) in the development of gender in different Indo-European branches are presented. The formal and semantic principles of gender assignment in PIE are examined on the basis of a reconstructed lexicon of PIE nouns, and the scope of gender agreement in the proto-language is reconstructed by comparing the agreement rules in the early Indo-European dialects. The Early PIE two-gender system and the development of the feminine gender in Late PIE are also discussed, and finally the PIE gender system is contrasted with the typologically rather different gender systems found in the neighboring areas of Eurasia.
Author: Ranko Matasović
Publisher: Universitatsverlag Winter
ISBN:
Category : Foreign Language Study
Languages : en
Pages : 256
Get Book Here
Book Description
This book discusses the origin and history of the grammatical category of gender in the Indo-European family of languages. Gender systems of Proto-Indo-European (PIE), and of the various daughter languages are assessed from historical, typological, and areal points of view. In addition, common properties and tendencies (or drift) in the development of gender in different Indo-European branches are presented. The formal and semantic principles of gender assignment in PIE are examined on the basis of a reconstructed lexicon of PIE nouns, and the scope of gender agreement in the proto-language is reconstructed by comparing the agreement rules in the early Indo-European dialects. The Early PIE two-gender system and the development of the feminine gender in Late PIE are also discussed, and finally the PIE gender system is contrasted with the typologically rather different gender systems found in the neighboring areas of Eurasia.
Author: Karl Brugmann
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aryan languages
Languages : en
Pages : 50
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Book Description
Author: Sergio Neri
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 9004264957
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 390
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Book Description
This volume contains thirteen contributions on the origin of the feminine gender and its relation to the collective in the Indo-European parent language. The Indo-European daughter languages have got mostly a three-gender system, however the early attested Anatolian languages owned only two genders. In this respect, it is debatable whether the feminine gender is primary or arose secondarily from another morphological category. Due to special morphological and morphosyntactic phenomena it is also questionable whether the neuter plural of the individual languages continues an inflectional category or it was rather grammaticalized from an original word formation category collective. The authors suggest different approaches on the question of the relationship between feminine and collective.
Author: Linzey Kupsh
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Indo-European languages
Languages : en
Pages : 264
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Book Description
Author: Francisco José Ledo-Lemos
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Indo-European languages
Languages : en
Pages : 184
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Author: Nicole Elizabeth Dreier
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 18
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Book Description
The three-gender system seen in the core Indo-European languages is not the oldest gender system in Proto-Indo-European (PIE). There is evidence of an earlier animacy-based, two-gender system in PIE, which raises the question of how the third gender (i.e. the feminine) came to be. Its origins are made even more uncertain by the feminizing suffixes *-(e)h2-, *-ih2-, and *-i-hx-, as they show older functions, such as deriving collective and abstract nouns. This thesis outlines some of the many explanations scholars have offered for these questions over the last two centuries and ultimately argues that a combination of these and other factors may have been involved in this change to the PIE gender system.
Author: Karl Brugmann
Publisher: Franklin Classics Trade Press
ISBN: 9780344886980
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 44
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Book Description
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Author: Karl Brugmann
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781332161812
Category : Foreign Language Study
Languages : en
Pages : 42
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Book Description
Excerpt from The Nature and Origin of the Noun Genders in the Indo-European Languages: A Lecture Delivered on the Occasion of the Sesquicentennial Celebration of Princeton University The factors that produced changes in human speech five thousand or ten thousand years ago cannot have been essentially different from those which are now operating to transform living languages. On the basis of this principle we look to-day at a much-discussed problem of Indo-European philology with views very different from the views held by the founders of Comparative Philology and their immediate successors. I refer to the problem, how the Indo-European people came to assign gender to nouns, to distinguish between masculine, feminine, and neuter. This question is of interest to others besides philologists. What man of culture who has learned languages such as the Greek, Latin, or French has not at times wondered that objects which have no possible connection with the natural gender of animals appear constantly in the language as male or female? About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Author: Peter Bakker
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0195357086
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 337
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Book Description
The Michif language -- spoken by descendants of French Canadian fur traders and Cree Indians in western Canada -- is considered an "impossible language" since it uses French for nouns and Cree for verbs, and comprises two different sets of grammatical rules. Bakker uses historical research and fieldwork data to present the first detailed analysis of this language and how it came into being.
Author: Kenneth Shields (Jr.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 336
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Book Description
