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Author: V.N. Kondratiev
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642676081
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 254
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Book Description
The present monograph appears after the death of Professor V. N. Kondratiev, one of those scientists who have greatly contributed to the foundation of contem porary gas kinetics. The most fundamental idea of chemical kinetics, put for ward at the beginning of the twentieth century and connected with names such as W. Nernst, M. Bodenstein, N. N. Semenov, and C. N. Hinshelwood, was that the complex chemical reactions are in fact a manifestation of a set of simpler elementary reactions involving but a small number of species. V. N. Kondratiev was one of the first to adopt this idea and to start investigations on the elementary chemical reactions proper. These investigations revealed explicitly that every elementary reaction in turn consisted of many elementary events usually referred to as elementary processes. It took some time to realize that an elementary reaction, represented in a very simple way by a macroscopic kinetic equation, can be described on a microscopic level by a generalized Boltzmann equation. Neverheless, up to the middle of the twentieth century, gas kinetics was mainly concerned with the interpretation of complex chemical reactions via a set of elementary reactions. But later on, the situation changed drastically. First, the conditions for reducing microscopic cquations to macroscopic ones were clearly set up. These are essentially based on the fact that the small perturbations of the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution are caused by the reaction proper.
Author: V.N. Kondratiev
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642676081
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 254
Get Book Here
Book Description
The present monograph appears after the death of Professor V. N. Kondratiev, one of those scientists who have greatly contributed to the foundation of contem porary gas kinetics. The most fundamental idea of chemical kinetics, put for ward at the beginning of the twentieth century and connected with names such as W. Nernst, M. Bodenstein, N. N. Semenov, and C. N. Hinshelwood, was that the complex chemical reactions are in fact a manifestation of a set of simpler elementary reactions involving but a small number of species. V. N. Kondratiev was one of the first to adopt this idea and to start investigations on the elementary chemical reactions proper. These investigations revealed explicitly that every elementary reaction in turn consisted of many elementary events usually referred to as elementary processes. It took some time to realize that an elementary reaction, represented in a very simple way by a macroscopic kinetic equation, can be described on a microscopic level by a generalized Boltzmann equation. Neverheless, up to the middle of the twentieth century, gas kinetics was mainly concerned with the interpretation of complex chemical reactions via a set of elementary reactions. But later on, the situation changed drastically. First, the conditions for reducing microscopic cquations to macroscopic ones were clearly set up. These are essentially based on the fact that the small perturbations of the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution are caused by the reaction proper.
Author: Yannick Vallee
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9789056990817
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 322
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Book Description
Flash Vacuum Thermolysis (FVT) techniques have become well-established methods and occupy an increasingly important place in synthesis. Gas Phase Reactions in Organic Synthesis is a complete review of the applications of flash vacuum thermolysis in organic chemistry; it features new developments in FVT, flow thermolysis and vacuum gas-solid reactions which have appeared in scientific literature since 1980.
Author: A. Fontijn
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483291219
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 711
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Book Description
The book brings together, for the first time, all aspects of reactions of metallic species in the gas phase and gives an up-to-date overview of the field. Reactions covered include those of atomic, other free radical and transient neutral species, as well as ions. Experimental and theoretical work is reviewed and the efforts to establish a closer link between these approaches are discussed. The field is mainly approached from a fundamental point-of-view, but the applied problems which have helped stimulate the interest are pointed out and form the major subject of the final chapters. These emphasize the competition between purely gas-phase and gas-surface reactions.
Author: Ian W. M. Smith
Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN: 1483161994
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 400
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Book Description
Kinetics and Dynamics of Elementary Gas Reactions surveys the state of modern knowledge on elementary gas reactions to understand natural phenomena in terms of molecular behavior. Part 1 of this book describes the theoretical and conceptual background of elementary gas-phase reactions, emphasizing the assumptions and limitations of each theoretical approach, as well as its strengths. In Part 2, selected experimental results are considered to demonstrate the scope of present day techniques and illustrate the application of the theoretical ideas introduced in Part 1. This publication is intended primarily for working kineticists and chemists, but is also beneficial to graduate students.
Author: V. N. Kondratiev
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783642676093
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 260
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Book Description
Author: David H. Russell
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 146845529X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 422
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Book Description
The field of gas phase inorganic ion chemistry is relatively new; the early studies date back approximately twenty years, but there has been intense interest and development in the field in the last ten years. As with much of modern chemistry, the growth in gas phase inorganic ion chemistry can be traced to the development of instrumentation and new experimental methods. Studies in this area require sophisticated instruments and sample introduc tion/ ionization methods, and often these processes are complicated by the need for state-selecting (or collisionally stabilizing) the reactive species in order to assign the chemistry unequivocally. At the present level of experimental development, a wide range of experiments on diverse ionic systems are possible and many detailed aspects of the chemistry can be studied. Gas Phase Inorganic Chemistry focuses on the reactions of metal ions and metal clusters, and on the study of these species using the available modern spectroscopic methods. Three of the twelve chapters cover the chemistry of ionic monometal transition metal ions and the chemistry of these species with small diatomics and model organics. Two of the chapters focus on the studies of the chemical and physical properties of (primarily) transition metal clusters, and these chapters review experimental methods and capabilities. Two chapters also deal with the chemistry of transition metal carbonyl clusters, and these chapters address issues important to cluster growth and activation as well as the characterization of such species.
Author: V. Ya. Shtern
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483185079
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 721
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Book Description
The Gas-Phase Oxidation of Hydrocarbons reviews research on the mechanism of oxidation of paraffins, naphthenes, olefines, and aromatic hydrocarbons and explains in detail the phenomena and theories with significant kinetic equations and graphs. This book first presents a study of the development of research on the gaseous-phase oxidation of hydrocarbons. The non-chain schemes for the oxidation of hydrocarbons, such as hydroxylation, peroxidation, and aldehyde and dehydrogenation schemes, are then discussed. This book also presents experimental investigations and important topics such as oxidation of methane and olefinic hydrocarbons. This selection will be invaluable to students and experts in the field of chemistry and related disciplines.
Author: Barbara J. Finlayson-Pitts
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080529070
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 993
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Book Description
Here is the most comprehensive and up-to-date treatment of one of the hottest areas of chemical research. The treatment of fundamental kinetics and photochemistry will be highly useful to chemistry students and their instructors at the graduate level, as well as postdoctoral fellows entering this new, exciting, and well-funded field with a Ph.D. in a related discipline (e.g., analytical, organic, or physical chemistry, chemical physics, etc.). Chemistry of the Upper and Lower Atmosphere provides postgraduate researchers and teachers with a uniquely detailed, comprehensive, and authoritative resource. The text bridges the "gap" between the fundamental chemistry of the earth's atmosphere and "real world" examples of its application to the development of sound scientific risk assessments and associated risk management control strategies for both tropospheric and stratospheric pollutants. - Serves as a graduate textbook and "must have" reference for all atmospheric scientists - Provides more than 5000 references to the literature through the end of 1998 - Presents tables of new actinic flux data for the troposphere and stratospher (0-40km) - Summarizes kinetic and photochemical date for the troposphere and stratosphere - Features problems at the end of most chapters to enhance the book's use in teaching - Includes applications of the OZIPR box model with comprehensive chemistry for student use
Author: B. Levitt
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1468426850
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 342
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Book Description
The chapters in this book are devoted to the elementary reactions of small molecules in the gas phase, with some emphasis on reactions important in combustion. The first three chapters cover experimental measurements made at high temperatures, mainly using shock waves and flames; the final chapter describes discharge flow methods near room temperature. The authors-all active in the fields they describe were asked to aim at a level intermediate between a textbook and a review, designed for readers not already familiar with this branch of chemical kinetics. We hope the book will prove especially useful to research workers in related subjects, to research students, and perhaps as source material for the preparation of lectures. The examples have been chosen to illustrate the theoretical basis of the topics rather than attempt a complete coverage. Professors Wagner and Troe describe the remarkable progress made in recent years in measuring dissociation rates for small molecules. Tests ofunimolecular reaction theories are usually made in the 'fall-off' region of pressure: the kinetics change from first order to second order as the pressure is reduced. For large molecules this region lies below atmospheric pressure and is relatively easily accessible. For molecules with four or less atoms, however, the fall-off region lies well above atmospheric pressure: it has been explored using the high pressure shock tube techniques developed by the authors.
Author: W.C., Jr. Gardiner
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9780387988610
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 564
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Book Description
Superseding Gardiner's "Combustion Chemistry", this is an updated, comprehensive coverage of those aspects of combustion chemistry relevant to gas-phase combustion of hydrocarbons. The book includes an extended discussion of air pollutant chemistry and aspects of combustion, and reviews elementary reactions of nitrogen, sulfur and chlorine compounds that are relevant to combustion. Methods of combustion modeling and rate coefficient estimation are presented, as well as access to databases for combustion thermochemistry and modeling.
