Fundamental Studies of the Mechanism of Catalytic Reactions with Catalysts Effective in the Gasification of Carbon Solids and the Oxidative Coupling of Methane . Quarterly Report PDF Download
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Languages : en
Pages : 31
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This report describes research on the oxidative coupling of methane and catalysts involved in coal gasification. Topics include methane pyrolysis and catalysts, and magnetic properties of the coal gasification catalyst Ca-Ni-K-O system.
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Languages : en
Pages : 20
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The last quarterly report (LBL-33769) summarized results obtained with ternary catalysts; e.g., K-Ca-Ni oxide and K-Ca-Co oxide. It was also shown that chars prepared in e presence of NAOH were more easily gasified than the base char, even if the chars were washed to remove all residual free NAOH. During the present report quarter, three variables were investigated: (1) The effect of varying the atomic ratio of different catalyst components (alkali vs. transition metal); (2) The effect of steam partial pressure and of temperature on the reaction; (3) Determination of activation energy of the reaction over K-Ca-Co oxide. It was also found that if the water (steam) used for gasification contains a small amount of NAOH, gasification rates are greatly improved. Figure 1 shows that the gasification rate improves with increasing Co content of the catalyst, though the differences between different Co contents are relatively small. A very similar effect was observed for different concentrations of Fe{sup 3+} in KCa-Fe oxide catalysts. Figure 2 presents conversion vs. time plots for gasification of an Ill {number_sign}6 char (which had been charred in the presence of 0.5% caustic) over a K-Ca-Co oxide catalyst at four temperatures. As expected the gasification rate increases with temperature, although there is little difference between our standard 640°C and 680°C. Figure 3 investigates the effect of partial pressure of water on the conversion using an Ill {number_sign}6 char (prepared in the presence of 0.5% caustic) and a K-Ca-Co oxide catalyst at 640°C. There is an improvement in rate with increasing water partial pressure.
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Languages : en
Pages : 54
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Work on catalytic steam gasification with chars and coals will be extended from atmospheric to elevated pressures using the newly built pressure unit. The novel finding that coking of petroleum in the presence of small amounts of caustic greatly improves the gasification rates and characteristics of the coke will be extended to chars; in the oxidative coupling of methane over ternary catalysts, emphasis will be placed on low temperature coupling and on the oxidative production of syngas from methane at low temperature. Experimental work will continue on the synthesis of the mixed catalyst, and they will be characterized by a number of techniques, including elemental analyses, x-ray diffraction, and surface area determination.
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Languages : en
Pages : 20
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This report covers the time period from October 1 through December 31, 1993. A description of tasks for fiscal year 1994 is included in this report. Highlights and progress of work performed during this quarter is reported in (a) catalytic steam gasification of coals and cokes; (b) oxidative coupling of methane; and (c) synthesis and characterization of catalysts. Attached to this report is a copy of a manuscript submitted to Proceeding of Fuels Technology Contractors Meeting {open_quotes}Steady-State and Transient Catalytic Oxidation and Coupling of Methane{close_quotes} by Heinemann, Iglesia, and Perry.
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Languages : en
Pages : 17
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Research continued on the study of catalysts and membrane materials involved in the oxidative coupling of methane and coal gasification processes. Membranes studied and fabricated included Sr-Zr-Y-O, Sr-Zr-Y, and Sr-Ce-Y-O systems.
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Languages : en
Pages : 16
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This report describes work in progress on three tasks: (1) Catalytic steam gasification of coals and cokes; (2) Oxidative coupling of methane; and (3) Synthesis and characterization of catalysts. Since Task 1 is complete, a final report has been written. This report describes membrane reactors, cyclic methane conversion reactors, theoretical descriptions of reaction-separation schemes, and time-space relationships in cyclic and membrane reactors, all subtasks of Task 2. Initial studies under Task 3 are briefly described.
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Languages : en
Pages : 10
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The synthesis of ethane and ethylene from methane and oxygen will be carried out in novel hydrogen transport inorganic membranes and in cyclic reactors in order to prevent undesirable secondary reactions of C2 molecules to CO and CO2. Neither inorganic membrane reactors nor cyclic tubular reactors are presently used in commercial processes. Their application to catalytic reactions represents a novel application of engineering and solid-state chemistry concepts to catalytic reactions. Our approach combines high temperature membrane and cyclic experimental reactors, synthesis and characterization of thin membrane films and of high surface area catalysts, and detailed models of complex gas phase and surface reactions involved in oxidative coupling. We anticipate that this approach will lead to novel reactors for carrying our kinetic-controlled sequential reactions, such as the oxidative coupling of methane. Careful spectrographic and wet chemical analyses of fresh and silent catalysts have shown considerable differences which have permitted conclusions as to the source of deactivation. Our activities in the first quarter FYI 995 have focused on the synthesis, structural characterization, and catalytic evaluation of membrane films, disks, and reactors. We have also continued to exploit reaction-transport models to predict the performance of membrane, cyclic, and recycle reactors in the oxidative coupling of methane.
