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Author: Adam Strozek
Publisher: diplom.de
ISBN: 3836636549
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 89
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Book Description
Inhaltsangabe:Introduction: Transport is a key factor in modern economies. There are an estimated 31.5 million road goods vehicles running on Europe s motorways each year, which are coping with a steadily increasing amount of goods transported. Although these vehicles are crucial to guarantee the ubiquitous goods availability we are used to, and to assure the flexibility of European industry, they are also part of mankind s most pressing current problems. For instance, the emission of greenhouse gases, i.e. carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (NO2), hydrofluorocarbons (HFC), perfluorocarbons (PFC) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6), due to fuel combustion in goods transport constitutes about 20 per cent of overall greenhouse gas emission and is only outnumbered by emissions of the energy industry. Overall decrease of these contaminants shall be, of course, one of the main objectives in the long-term, but in particular within urban agglomerations it is also of great interest to decrease local emission levels as a first sep. Changing over to less carbon-intensive fuels can reduce local carbon dioxide and other emissions, even if the well-to-wheel emission level does not improve notably. Apart from the emission problem, nearly 99% of the overall fuel consumption in transport is provided by fossil fuels and therefore competing for the finite crude oil resources with other industries, in particular the energy industry. There are many different forecasts of how long world s oil reserves will last, but independently of these estimations it is undeniable that they will end sometime. Hence, it is the second vital transport-related challenge to make it independent from fossil energy resources by developing and introducing renewable fuels, complying technologies to run them and a reliable infrastructure to distribute them. Although there are still many problems to solve regarding technical issues, many viable solutions for running vehicles by other means than diesel and gasoline are already available. However, the biggest problem seems to be the distribution. Since vehicles and fueling infrastructure are complementarities, most customers do not use these vehicles because they can not refill them properly, and fuel companies do not introduce new fuel stations due to a lack of customers, that would use them. Consequently the main challenge currently is to break through this chicken-egg problem and build up a fuel distribution network, which [...]
Author: Adam Strozek
Publisher: diplom.de
ISBN: 3836636549
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 89
Get Book Here
Book Description
Inhaltsangabe:Introduction: Transport is a key factor in modern economies. There are an estimated 31.5 million road goods vehicles running on Europe s motorways each year, which are coping with a steadily increasing amount of goods transported. Although these vehicles are crucial to guarantee the ubiquitous goods availability we are used to, and to assure the flexibility of European industry, they are also part of mankind s most pressing current problems. For instance, the emission of greenhouse gases, i.e. carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (NO2), hydrofluorocarbons (HFC), perfluorocarbons (PFC) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6), due to fuel combustion in goods transport constitutes about 20 per cent of overall greenhouse gas emission and is only outnumbered by emissions of the energy industry. Overall decrease of these contaminants shall be, of course, one of the main objectives in the long-term, but in particular within urban agglomerations it is also of great interest to decrease local emission levels as a first sep. Changing over to less carbon-intensive fuels can reduce local carbon dioxide and other emissions, even if the well-to-wheel emission level does not improve notably. Apart from the emission problem, nearly 99% of the overall fuel consumption in transport is provided by fossil fuels and therefore competing for the finite crude oil resources with other industries, in particular the energy industry. There are many different forecasts of how long world s oil reserves will last, but independently of these estimations it is undeniable that they will end sometime. Hence, it is the second vital transport-related challenge to make it independent from fossil energy resources by developing and introducing renewable fuels, complying technologies to run them and a reliable infrastructure to distribute them. Although there are still many problems to solve regarding technical issues, many viable solutions for running vehicles by other means than diesel and gasoline are already available. However, the biggest problem seems to be the distribution. Since vehicles and fueling infrastructure are complementarities, most customers do not use these vehicles because they can not refill them properly, and fuel companies do not introduce new fuel stations due to a lack of customers, that would use them. Consequently the main challenge currently is to break through this chicken-egg problem and build up a fuel distribution network, which [...]
Author: Havard Devold
Publisher: Lulu.com
ISBN: 1105538648
Category : Gas fields
Languages : en
Pages : 84
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Book Description
Author: Andreas Linke-Diesinger
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540736190
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 239
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Book Description
To understand the operation of aircraft gas turbine engines, it is not enough to know the basic operation of a gas turbine. It is also necessary to understand the operation and the design of its auxiliary systems. This book fills that need by providing an introduction to the operating principles underlying systems of modern commercial turbofan engines and bringing readers up to date with the latest technology. It also offers a basic overview of the tubes, lines, and system components installed on a complex turbofan engine. Readers can follow detailed examples that describe engines from different manufacturers. The text is recommended for aircraft engineers and mechanics, aeronautical engineering students, and pilots.
Author: Sunetra Chowdhury
Publisher: IET
ISBN: 1849190143
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 321
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Book Description
Microgrids and Active Distribution Networks offer a potential solution for sustainable, energy-efficient power supply to cater for increasing load growth, supplying power to remote areas, generation of clean power and reduction in emission of greenhouse gases & particulates as per Kyoto protocol.
Author: Thorsten Koch
Publisher: SIAM
ISBN: 1611973686
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 368
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Book Description
"This book deals with a simple sounding question whether a certain amount of gas can be transported by a given pipeline network. While well studied for a single pipeline, this question gets extremely difficult if we consider a meshed nation wide gas transportation network, taking into account all the technical details and discrete decisions, as well as regulations, contracts, and varying demand. This book describes several mathematical models to answer these questions, discusses their merits and disadvantages, explains the necessary technical and regulatory background, and shows how to solve this question using sophisticated mathematical optimization algorithms."--
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Energy conservation
Languages : en
Pages : 340
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Book Description
Author: Pramod Paliwal
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0429942923
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 196
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Book Description
The natural gas business consists of two major aspects, sourcing and transportation, and distribution has been a growing area of interest to industry, government and academia. With the emphasis on promoting natural gas sector, there is an increasing need to have a well documented book that deals with the business issues, particularly the transportation and distribution of this sector, specifically aimed at petroleum engineers and professionals. This book fills this gap to provide structured material that deals with managerial and regulatory aspects with an applied technical perspective wherever needed.
Author: Jeff D. Makholm
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 0226502104
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 284
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Book Description
With global demand for energy poised to increase by more than half in the next three decades, the supply of safe, reliable, and reasonably priced gas and oil will continue to be of fundamental importance to modern economies. Central to this supply are the pipelines that transport this energy. And while the fundamental economics of the major pipeline networks are the same, the differences in their ownership, commercial development, and operation can provide insight into the workings of market institutions in various nations. Drawing on a century of the world’s experience with gas and oil pipelines, this book illustrates the importance of economics in explaining the evolution of pipeline politics in various countries. It demonstrates that institutional differences influence ownership and regulation, while rents and consumer pricing depend on the size and diversity of existing markets, the depth of regulatory institutions, and the historical structure of the pipeline businesses themselves. The history of pipelines is also rife with social conflict, and Makholm explains how and when institutions in a variety of countries have controlled pipeline behavior—either through economic regulation or government ownership—in the public interest.
Author: Andrzej Osiadacz
Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 296
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Book Description
Author: National Academy of Engineering
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309091632
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 257
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Book Description
The announcement of a hydrogen fuel initiative in the President's 2003 State of the Union speech substantially increased interest in the potential for hydrogen to play a major role in the nation's long-term energy future. Prior to that event, DOE asked the National Research Council to examine key technical issues about the hydrogen economy to assist in the development of its hydrogen R&D program. Included in the assessment were the current state of technology; future cost estimates; CO2 emissions; distribution, storage, and end use considerations; and the DOE RD&D program. The report provides an assessment of hydrogen as a fuel in the nation's future energy economy and describes a number of important challenges that must be overcome if it is to make a major energy contribution. Topics covered include the hydrogen end-use technologies, transportation, hydrogen production technologies, and transition issues for hydrogen in vehicles.
