From Photography to fMRI

From Photography to fMRI PDF Author: Paula Muhr
Publisher: transcript Verlag
ISBN: 3839461766
Category : Art
Languages : en
Pages : 615

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Book Description
Hysteria, a mysterious disease known since antiquity, is said to have ceased to exist. Challenging this commonly held view, this is the first cross-disciplinary study to examine the current functional neuroimaging research into hysteria and compare it to the nineteenth-century image-based research into the same disorder. Paula Muhr's central argument is that, both in the nineteenth-century and the current neurobiological research on hysteria, images have enabled researchers to generate new medical insights. Through detailed case studies, Muhr traces how different images, from photography to functional brain scans, have reshaped the historically situated medical understanding of this disorder that defies the mind-body dualism.

From Photography to fMRI

From Photography to fMRI PDF Author: Paula Muhr
Publisher: transcript Verlag
ISBN: 3839461766
Category : Art
Languages : en
Pages : 615

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Book Description
Hysteria, a mysterious disease known since antiquity, is said to have ceased to exist. Challenging this commonly held view, this is the first cross-disciplinary study to examine the current functional neuroimaging research into hysteria and compare it to the nineteenth-century image-based research into the same disorder. Paula Muhr's central argument is that, both in the nineteenth-century and the current neurobiological research on hysteria, images have enabled researchers to generate new medical insights. Through detailed case studies, Muhr traces how different images, from photography to functional brain scans, have reshaped the historically situated medical understanding of this disorder that defies the mind-body dualism.

Introduction to Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Introduction to Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging PDF Author: Richard B. Buxton
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1139481304
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 479

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Book Description
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) has become a standard tool for mapping the working brain's activation patterns, both in health and in disease. It is an interdisciplinary field and crosses the borders of neuroscience, psychology, psychiatry, radiology, mathematics, physics and engineering. Developments in techniques, procedures and our understanding of this field are expanding rapidly. In this second edition of Introduction to Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Richard Buxton – a leading authority on fMRI – provides an invaluable guide to how fMRI works, from introducing the basic ideas and principles to the underlying physics and physiology. He covers the relationship between fMRI and other imaging techniques and includes a guide to the statistical analysis of fMRI data. This book will be useful both to the experienced radiographer, and the clinician or researcher with no previous knowledge of the technology.

Handbook of Functional MRI Data Analysis

Handbook of Functional MRI Data Analysis PDF Author: Russell A. Poldrack
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9781009481168
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has become the most popular method for imaging brain function. Handbook for Functional MRI Data Analysis provides a comprehensive and practical introduction to the methods used for fMRI data analysis. Using minimal jargon, this book explains the concepts behind processing fMRI data, focusing on the techniques that are most commonly used in the field. This book provides background about the methods employed by common data analysis packages including FSL, SPM, and AFNI. Some of the newest cutting-edge techniques, including pattern classification analysis, connectivity modeling, and resting state network analysis, are also discussed. Readers of this book, whether newcomers to the field or experienced researchers, will obtain a deep and effective knowledge of how to employ fMRI analysis to ask scientific questions and become more sophisticated users of fMRI analysis software.

Study Nature, Not Books

Study Nature, Not Books PDF Author: Alicia Chester
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medical photography
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
"This dissertation is about photography, souls, minds, and brains. It follows a genealogy of photography from portraits of psychiatric patients in the mid-nineteenth century to brain imaging in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, during which time photographic technologies have been utilized in the service of Western medicine for experimental, diagnostic, and educational purposes. Specifically, psychiatry and neurology evolved in tandem with photographic technologies, and I contend that photography was used not only literally as a tool but also became a model for materialism. Photography was heuristically devised to visualize theories of the mind and brain as well as their interrelations when these entities could not be studied empirically or, in other words, be seen. The dissertation comprises three chapters. Beginning with portraits of female psychiatric patients by Dr. Hugh Welch Diamond at the Surrey County Lunatic Asylum in England between 1848 and 1858, the first two chapters look at medical practices of photographing the surface of the body to record signs of mental and neurological illness. A respected early photographer in his own right, Diamond strove to capture "the movements of the soul" as shown on the faces of his patients. The second chapter encompasses the years between 1862 and 1880, first looking at Duchenne de Boulogne's anatomical studies of emotional expression using electricity and photography and then examining how early photographs of hysterical patients under the care of Duchenne's mentee, Jean-Martin Charcot, at the Salpêtrière in Paris operated as temporal samples of the disease. The third chapter on the Harvey Cushing Brain Tumor Registry at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut, with materials from 1902 to 1938, marks the penetration of imaging into the interior of the body in attempts to directly visualize illness and biological aberrations. Cushing had virtually all of his patients photographed over the course of his career as a neurosurgeon, and he integrated these portraits alongside X-rays and other forms of visualization to form a fuller picture of illness, taking his cue from the maxim "study nature, not books" to study and visualize as much as possible first-hand. The conclusive coda moves away from photography to MRI and fMRI in the latetwentieth and early twenty-first centuries. While not photographic, I contend that MRI technologies have inherited the evidential belief and truth value associated with photography. The common thread running through the chapters is each historical period's desire to visualize illness in order to categorize, diagnose, treat, and educate?that is, to create knowledge by way of seeing. The co-evolution of psychiatry and neurology with photographic technologies offers a means to understand the accompanying shift in the philosophical relationship of mind to body. As psychiatry and neurology developed into independent professions in the latter half of the nineteenth century, photographic materiality served as a model for thinking about mind and body. Early in photographic history, Cartesian dualism still held that mind (i.e., soul) and body were separate, interacting entities. By the turn of the twentieth century, materialism, or the idea that the mind is a product of the brain, which, in turn, is part of the body, held full sway. The technological movement from photographing the body's exterior as a means of reading internal states of the mind (as in the cases of psychiatric and hysterical patients) to imaging the interior of the body itself (as in the cases of X-rays and MRI) occurred concomitantly with the epistemological shift from deciphering facial expressions and external bodily attitudes for clues about the mind to localizing specific areas of the brain as physical sites of psychological states. Photography was at the center of this shift from exterior to interior and mirrored the connected philosophical shift from dualism to materialism. Photography's pull toward the physical was fully part of this transition of thought, and photographic materiality led to theories about the invisible workings of the mind and memory, especially as they related to the physical functioning of the brain. The materialism of photography paralleled the materialism of the mind and body. In becoming the tool enabling the creation of psychiatric and neurological images, photographic technology shaped the desire for vision to penetrate ever-deeper into the physical body to view something quite immaterial: the mind."--Pages vi-viii.

fMRI

fMRI PDF Author: Peter A. Bandettini
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 0262538032
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 282

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Book Description
An accessible introduction to the history, fundamental concepts, challenges, and controversies of the fMRI by one of the pioneers in the field. The discovery of functional MRI (fMRI) methodology in 1991 was a breakthrough in neuroscience research. This non-invasive, relatively high-speed, and high sensitivity method of mapping human brain activity enabled observation of subtle localized changes in blood flow associated with brain activity. Thousands of scientists around the world have not only embraced fMRI as a new and powerful method that complemented their ongoing studies but have also gone on to redirect their research around this revolutionary technique. This volume in the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series offers an accessible introduction to the history, fundamental concepts, challenges, and controversies of fMRI, written by one of the pioneers in the field. Peter Bandettini covers the essentials of fMRI, providing insight and perspective from his nearly three decades of research. He describes other brain imaging and assessment methods; the sources of fMRI contrasts; the basic methodology, from hardware to pulse sequences; brain activation experiment design strategies; and data and image processing. A unique, standalone chapter addresses major controversies in the field, outlining twenty-six challenges that have helped shape fMRI research. Finally, Bandettini lays out the four essential pillars of fMRI: technology, methodology, interpretation, and applications. The book can serve as a guide for the curious nonexpert and a reference for both veteran and novice fMRI scientists.

A Better Looking Brain

A Better Looking Brain PDF Author: Siddharth Khullar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Brain
Languages : en
Pages : 382

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Book Description
"Researchers in the field of functional neuroimaging have faced a long standing problem in pre-processing low spatial resolution data without losing meaningful details within. Commonly, the brain function is recorded by a technique known as echo-planar imaging that represents the measure of blood flow (BOLD signal) through a particular location in the brain as an array of intensity values changing over time. This approach to record a movie of blood flow in the brain is known as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The neural activity is then studied from the temporal correlation patterns existing within the fMRI time series. However, the resulting images are noisy and contain low spatial detail, thus making it imperative to pre-process them appropriately to derive meaningful activation patterns. Two of the several standard preprocessing steps employed just before the analysis stage are denoising and normalization. Fundamentally, it is difficult to perfectly remove noise from an image without making assumptions about signal and noise distributions. A convenient and commonly used alternative is to smooth the image with a Gaussian filter, but this method suffers from various obvious drawbacks, primarily loss of spatial detail. A greater challenge arises when we attempt to derive average activation patterns from fMRI images acquired from a group of individuals. The brain of one individual differs from others in a structural sense as well as in a functional sense. Commonly, the inter-individual differences in anatomical structures are compensated for by co-registering each subject's data to a common normalization space, known as spatial normalization. However, there are no existing methods to compensate for the differences in functional organization of the brain. This work presents first steps towards data-driven robust algorithms for fMRI image denoising and multi-subject image normalization by utilizing inherent information within fMRI data. In addition, a new validation approach based on spatial shape of the activation regions is presented to quantify the effects of preprocessing and also as a tool to record the differences in activation patterns between individual subjects or within two groups such as healthy controls and patients with mental illness. Qualitative and quantitative results of the proposed framework compare favorably against existing and widely used model-driven approaches such as Gaussian smoothing and structure-based spatial normalization. This work is intended to provide neuroscience researchers tools to derive more meaningful activation patterns to accurately identify imaging biomarkers for various neurodevelopmental diseases and also maximize the specificity of a diagnosis."--Abstract.

Ebook: Essentials of Understanding Psychology

Ebook: Essentials of Understanding Psychology PDF Author: Feldman
Publisher: McGraw Hill
ISBN: 1526815028
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 691

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Book Description
Ebook: Essentials of Understanding Psychology

Abnormal Psychology

Abnormal Psychology PDF Author: Ronald J. Comer
Publisher: Macmillan
ISBN: 1429282541
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 790

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Book Description
Ron Comer's Abnormal Psychology continues to captivate students with its integrated coverage of theory, diagnosis, and treatment, its inclusive wide-ranging cross-cultural perspective, and its compassionate emphasis on the real impact of mental illness on the lives of patients and their families. Long acclaimed for being well attuned to the evolution of the field and changes in the classroom, Comer's bestselling text returns in a timely new edition, fully updated in anticipation of the DSM-5, and enhanced by powerful new media tools.

Foundational Issues in Human Brain Mapping

Foundational Issues in Human Brain Mapping PDF Author: Stephen José Hanson
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 0262014025
Category : Brain
Languages : en
Pages : 343

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Book Description
The field of neuroimaging has reached a watershed and critiques and emerging trends are raising foundational issues of methodology, measurement, and theory. Here, scholars reexamine these issues and explore controversies that have arisen in cognitive science, cognitive neuroscience, computer science, and signal processing.

MRI in Psychiatry

MRI in Psychiatry PDF Author: Christoph Mulert
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3642545424
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 430

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Book Description
This is the first comprehensive textbook on the use of MRI in psychiatry covering imaging techniques, brain systems and a review of findings in different psychiatric disorders. The book is divided into three sections, the first of which covers in detail all the major MRI-based methodological approaches available today, including fMRI, EEG-fMRI, DTI and MR spectroscopy. In addition, the role of MRI in imaging genetics and combined brain stimulation and imaging is carefully explained. The second section provides an overview of the different brain systems that are relevant for psychiatric disorders, including the systems for perception, emotion, cognition and reward. The final part of the book presents the MRI findings that are obtained in all the major psychiatric disorders using the previously discussed techniques. Numerous carefully chosen images support the informative text, making this an ideal reference work for all practitioners and trainees with an interest in this flourishing field.