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Author: Jaedo Choi
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 69
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Book Description
Should policymakers in developing countries prioritize foreign technology adoption over domestic innovation? How might this depend on development stages? Using historical technology transfer data from Korea, we find that greater productivity gaps with foreign firms correlate with faster productivity growth after adoption, despite lower fees. Furthermore, non-adopters increased patent citations to foreign sellers, suggesting knowledge spillovers. Motivated by these findings, we build a two-country growth model with innovation and adoption. As the gaps narrow, productivity gains and spillovers from adoption diminish and foreign sellers strategically raise fees due to intensified competition, which renders adoption subsidies less effective. Korea’s shift from adoption to innovation subsidies substantially contributed to growth and welfare. We also explore the optimal policy and its interaction with import tariffs.
Author: Jaedo Choi
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 69
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Book Description
Should policymakers in developing countries prioritize foreign technology adoption over domestic innovation? How might this depend on development stages? Using historical technology transfer data from Korea, we find that greater productivity gaps with foreign firms correlate with faster productivity growth after adoption, despite lower fees. Furthermore, non-adopters increased patent citations to foreign sellers, suggesting knowledge spillovers. Motivated by these findings, we build a two-country growth model with innovation and adoption. As the gaps narrow, productivity gains and spillovers from adoption diminish and foreign sellers strategically raise fees due to intensified competition, which renders adoption subsidies less effective. Korea’s shift from adoption to innovation subsidies substantially contributed to growth and welfare. We also explore the optimal policy and its interaction with import tariffs.
Author: Younghun Shim
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Should governments subsidize firms' own innovation or adoption of foreign technology? How does the answer change over different stages of development? To answer these questions, we digitize the universe of technology transfer contracts between domestic and foreign firms in South Korea during its growth miracle period. This data has novel information on the price of technologies. We find that, when the productivity gap between domestic and foreign firms is larger, 1) productivity increases more after adoption, 2) the adoption fee is lower, and 3) domestic firms more often choose technology adoption over innovation. Motivated by these findings, we build a two-country growth model with endogenous adoption and innovation decisions. Foreign firms can sell technologies for an endogenous fee, internalizing the future loss of profit due to stronger competition with domestic firms. By construction, adoption can raise domestic firms at most to the technology level of foreign firms. Therefore, as domestic firms close the productivity gap, the expected productivity gain from adoption decreases, making an adoption subsidy less effective than an innovation subsidy. We evaluate Korea's technology policies since 1973, which started with an adoption subsidy and shifted to an innovation subsidy as the productivity of Korean firms converged with that of foreign competitors. Our result suggests that this state-dependent policy increased consumption-equivalent welfare by 5%, which raises welfare more than time-invariant policies that subsidize only innovation or adoption throughout. Our analysis also shows that the optimal year to switch from an adoption to an innovation subsidy would have been 1985, when Korea's GDP reached 55% of Japan's.
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 926408892X
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 155
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Book Description
Innovation drives long-term economic growth. This book examines the role of innovation in developing countries, with a focus on Africa.
Author: Xavier Cirera
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464811849
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 268
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Book Description
Since Schumpeter, economists have argued that vast productivity gains can be achieved by investing in innovation and technological catch-up. Yet, as this volume documents, developing country firms and governments invest little to realize this potential, which dwarfs international aid flows. Using new data and original analytics, the authors uncover the key to this innovation paradox in the lack of complementary physical and human capital factors, particularly firm managerial capabilities, that are needed to reap the returns to innovation investments. Hence, countries need to rebalance policy away from R and D-centered initiatives †“ which are likely to fail in the absence of sophisticated private sector partners †“ toward building firm capabilities, and embrace an expanded concept of the National Innovation System that incorporates a broader range of market and systemic failures. The authors offer guidance on how to navigate the resulting innovation policy dilemma: as the need to redress these additional failures increases with distance from the frontier, government capabilities to formulate and implement the policy mix become weaker. This book is the first volume of the World Bank Productivity Project, which seeks to bring frontier thinking on the measurement and determinants of productivity to global policy makers.
Author: J. L. Enos
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1134903456
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 266
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Book Description
This book considers the problems that developing countries face when importing technology from abroad. The major issues - technical, economic, political - are analysed in the case of one particular country: Korea. The book describes the negotiations with the foreign companies that controlled the desired technology, the building of the plants, the training of engineers and managers to replace expatriots, the improvements of processes and products and the maintenance of efficient and profitable production. In their research the authors were given access to information usually kept confidential - government memoranda and minutes, company contacts and records, costs and prices. The book also considers how typical of the developing countries Korea is, and the authors make certain policy recommendations for the future.
Author: Charles V. Kidd
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483154254
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 196
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Book Description
Manpower Policies for the Use of Science and Technology in Development discusses several factors to consider when making human-resource-related policies in the science and technology industries. The book is comprised of eight chapters; each chapter tackles a specific area of concern regarding manpower policies. Chapter 1 covers the frameworks and definitions and discusses topics such as the significance of manpower for development. Chapter 2 deals with demand, supply, and forecasting, and Chapter 3 reviews the national structures for science and technology. The fourth chapter covers domestic training institution, including the roles and effectiveness, while the fifth chapter talks about the creation and evolution of domestic institutions. Chapter 6 then discusses the multinational agencies and transnational firms. Chapter 7 tackles the concept of brain drain, and Chapter 8 discusses the conclusion and provides recommendations. The book will be of great interest to professionals in the science and technology industries, especially those who hold management positions.
Author: World Bank
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821383019
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 436
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Book Description
This volume offers a detailed conceptual framework for understanding and learning about technology innovation policies and programs, and their implementation in the context of different countries.
Author: Proceedings of the Sixth Convocation of The Council of Academies of Engineering and Technological Sciences
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 9780309038423
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 224
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Book Description
The technological revolution has reached around the world, with important consequences for business, government, and the labor market. Computer-aided design, telecommunications, and other developments are allowing small players to compete with traditional giants in manufacturing and other fields. In this volume, 16 engineering and industrial experts representing eight countries discuss the growth of technological advances and their impact on specific industries and regions of the world. From various perspectives, these distinguished commentators describe the practical aspects of technology's reach into business and trade.
Author: United States. Agency for International Development
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Business enterprises
Languages : en
Pages : 20
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Book Description
Author: Goel Cohen
Publisher: SAGE
ISBN: 9780761997702
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 340
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Book Description
This book identifies the major factors responsible for effective transfer of information and human expertise from an advanced country or a multinational corporation to the developing world.
