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Author: Kathryn Ann Broderick
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 214
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Book Description
"NSA Prism program taps in to user data of Apple, Google and others" read the June 6, 2013, headline of The Guardian, closely foliowed by similar articles published in The Washington Past, The New York Times, Der Spiegei, Le Monde, and The Globe. Edward Snowden, former NSA contractor, leaked classified training materials from the National Security Agency that detailed voluntary corporate involvement in the surveillance program PRISM, which aliegedly granted the U.S. government backdoor access to users' private accounts. The revelations were the latest development in the ongoing discussion of Internet governance and freedom of expression; moreover, they were the first time private corporations were implicated in government surveillance schemes. The situation forced companies -- even those not directly implicated -- to issue a response. Two companies would lead the government surveillance discussion: Google, by its proximity to the issue; and Twitter, as part of its staunch protection of users' rights to freedom of expression. Despite Google's global infrastructure, diverse platform, and $395 biliion net worth, Twitter, a company worth just five percent of Google's annual revenue, would emerge as the leader in freedom of expression. This study is a qualitative media analysis of Twitter's and Google's corporate blog posts to determine if their corporate strategy addressing government surveillance and freedom of expression differs, and if Twitter's approach was ultimately more effective in presenting the organization as a defender of freedom of expression and users' rights. A total of 51 blogs published between January 28, 2011, and September 1, 2014, were coded for themes and broader frames. Despite issuing just 11 blogs against Google's 40, Twitter was more effective in building and maintaining consumer trust because of its consistency of message and subsequent actions, its use of aggressive language, its empowerment and respect of user, and choice in localizing its response to actions taken with the United States.
Author: Kathryn Ann Broderick
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 214
Get Book Here
Book Description
"NSA Prism program taps in to user data of Apple, Google and others" read the June 6, 2013, headline of The Guardian, closely foliowed by similar articles published in The Washington Past, The New York Times, Der Spiegei, Le Monde, and The Globe. Edward Snowden, former NSA contractor, leaked classified training materials from the National Security Agency that detailed voluntary corporate involvement in the surveillance program PRISM, which aliegedly granted the U.S. government backdoor access to users' private accounts. The revelations were the latest development in the ongoing discussion of Internet governance and freedom of expression; moreover, they were the first time private corporations were implicated in government surveillance schemes. The situation forced companies -- even those not directly implicated -- to issue a response. Two companies would lead the government surveillance discussion: Google, by its proximity to the issue; and Twitter, as part of its staunch protection of users' rights to freedom of expression. Despite Google's global infrastructure, diverse platform, and $395 biliion net worth, Twitter, a company worth just five percent of Google's annual revenue, would emerge as the leader in freedom of expression. This study is a qualitative media analysis of Twitter's and Google's corporate blog posts to determine if their corporate strategy addressing government surveillance and freedom of expression differs, and if Twitter's approach was ultimately more effective in presenting the organization as a defender of freedom of expression and users' rights. A total of 51 blogs published between January 28, 2011, and September 1, 2014, were coded for themes and broader frames. Despite issuing just 11 blogs against Google's 40, Twitter was more effective in building and maintaining consumer trust because of its consistency of message and subsequent actions, its use of aggressive language, its empowerment and respect of user, and choice in localizing its response to actions taken with the United States.
Author: Bychawska-Siniarska, Dominika
Publisher: Council of Europe
ISBN:
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 124
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Book Description
European Convention on Human Rights – Article 10 – Freedom of expression 1. Everyone has the right to freedom of expression. This right shall include freedom to hold opinions and to receive and impart information and ideas without interference by public authority and regardless of frontiers. This article shall not prevent States from requiring the licensing of broadcasting, television or cinema enterprises. 2. The exercise of these freedoms, since it carries with it duties and responsibilities, may be subject to such formalities, conditions, restrictions or penalties as are prescribed by law and are necessary in a democratic society, in the interests of national security, territorial integrity or public safety, for the prevention of disorder or crime, for the protection of health or morals, for the protection of the reputation or rights of others, for preventing the disclosure of information received in confidence, or for maintaining the authority and impartiality of the judiciary. In the context of an effective democracy and respect for human rights mentioned in the Preamble to the European Convention on Human Rights, freedom of expression is not only important in its own right, but it also plays a central part in the protection of other rights under the Convention. Without a broad guarantee of the right to freedom of expression protected by independent and impartial courts, there is no free country, there is no democracy. This general proposition is undeniable. This handbook is a practical tool for legal professionals from Council of Europe member states who wish to strengthen their skills in applying the European Convention on Human Rights and the case law of the European Court of Human Rights in their daily work.
Author: Terri Dougherty
Publisher: Greenhaven Publishing LLC
ISBN: 1420503650
Category : Young Adult Nonfiction
Languages : en
Pages : 115
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Book Description
The Internet holds an unprecedented volume of information and resources. It has given Americans another way to use their freedom of speech, but has also ushered in new challenges to the free-speech guarantee. Internet law focuses on regulating freedom of expression in respect to issues such as fraud, child protection, decency, libel, control of hate speech, and security concerns such as privacy and data protection. This informative and illuminating edition focuses on issues surrounding freedom of expression on the Internet. Chapters tackle topics such as free speech and responsibility, copyright and criticism, and cyberbullying.
Author: Jeremy Lipschultz
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 0429968922
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 352
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Book Description
In Free Expression in the Age of the Internet, Jeremy Lipschultz investigates the Internet and its potential for profound change, analyzing the use of its technology from social, political, and economic perspectives. Lipschultz provides new insights on traditional legal concepts such as marketplace of ideas, social responsibility, and public interest, arguing that from a communication theory perspective, free expression is constrained by social norms and conformity. In Free Expression in the Age of the Internet , Jeremy Lipschultz investigates the Internet and its potential for profound change, analyzing the use of its technology from social, political, and economic perspectives. Lipschultz provides new insights on traditional legal concepts such as marketplace of ideas, social responsibility, and public interest, arguing that from a communication theory perspective, free expression is constrained by social norms and conformity. Lipschultz explores social limits on free expression by first examining history of print and electronic media law and regulation. He utilizes the gatekeeping metaphor, the spiral of silence, and diffusion theory to explore current data on the Internet. He uses Reno v. ACLU (1997) as a case study of current First Amendment thinking. This book includes recent evidence, including samples of content from Internet gossip columnist Matt Drudge, and the investigation of President Clinton as it unfolded on the World Wide Web.The analysis is related to broader issues about Internet content, including commercial and other communication. The new technologies raise new questions about legal and social definitions of concepts such as privacy. Free expression is explored in this book under the umbrella of a global, commercial economy that places importance on legal rights such as copyright, even where those rights limit free flow of ideas. The Internet places free expression on two tracks. On the one hand, corporate players are developing cyberspace as a new mass media. On the other hand, the Internet is virtual space where individuals have the power to connect and communicate with others in ways never before seen. This groundbreaking text advancing new media scholarship uses the most current case studies from the Internet to show free expression in practice today. Lipshultz presents a relevant and efficacious social communication theory of free expression which critically examines the necessary factors involved in comprehensive policy analysis and enactment.
Author: Susan J. Brison
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190883626
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 320
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Book Description
This collection of thirteen new essays is the first to examine, from a range of disciplinary perspectives, how the new technologies and global reach of the Internet are changing the theory and practice of free speech. The rapid expansion of online communication, as well as the changing roles of government and private organizations in monitoring and regulating the digital world, give rise to new questions, including: How do philosophical defenses of the right to freedom of expression, developed in the age of the town square and the printing press, apply in the digital age? Should search engines be covered by free speech principles? How should international conflicts over online speech regulations be resolved? Is there a right to be forgotten that is at odds with the right to free speech? How has the Internet facilitated new speech-based harms such as cyber-stalking, twitter-trolling, and revenge porn, and how should these harms be addressed? The contributors to this groundbreaking volume include philosophers, legal theorists, political scientists, communications scholars, public policy makers, and activists.
Author: András Koltay
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN: 1509916504
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 304
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Book Description
The principles of freedom of expression have been developed over centuries. How are they reserved and passed on? How can large internet gatekeepers be required to respect freedom of expression and to contribute actively to a diverse and plural marketplace of ideas? These are key issues for media regulation, and will remain so for the foreseeable decades. The book starts with the foundations of freedom of expression and freedom of the press, and then goes on to explore the general issues concerning the regulation of the internet as a specific medium. It then turns to analysing the legal issues relating to the three most important gatekeepers whose operations directly affect freedom of expression: ISPs, search engines and social media platforms. Finally it summarises the potential future regulatory and media policy directions. The book takes a comparative legal approach, focusing primarily on English and American regulations, case law and jurisprudential debates, but it also details the relevant international developments (Council of Europe, European Union) as well as the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights.
Author: Robert Trager
Publisher: Pine Forge Press
ISBN: 0803990855
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 241
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Book Description
Precisely because freedom of expression varies across countries and cultures and across media types, freedom of expression is discussed across a spectrum of geopolitical and technological contexts. Robert Trager and Donna L. Dickerson investigate the tensions between censorship and expression, to reveal how complex, culturally charged, and historically deep these tensions can be. Discussions are typically framed around social issues and set in contexts that allow readers to see connections between expression and commerce, politics, economics, class, race, and gender. The new frontier of digital communications, especially the Internet, is revealed as the latest battleground for law and social policy.
Author:
Publisher: UNESCO
ISBN: 9231041886
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 105
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Book Description
As this publication explains, freedom of expression is not just a by-product of technical change; it must be protected by legal and regulatory measures that balance a variety of potentially conflicting values and interests in a complex global ecology of choices. The impetus that this report provides for the prioritization of research in this field encourages further scrutiny of the multifaceted issues that govern the conditions for freedom of expression on the Internet. The findings of this research point to the need to better track a wider array of global, legal and regulatory trends. It is my hope that this publication proves to be a useful and informative resource for all users working in this domain, whether individual researchers, students or policy makers.
Author: Wolfgang Benedek
Publisher: Council of Europe
ISBN: 9287187029
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 240
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Book Description
An invaluable resource for students of law, politics, international relations and technology as well as for diplomats and civil society actors, this publication demonstrates how the Council of Europe contributes to ensuring that everyone’s voice online can be heard. This is key to sustainable, human rights oriented and people-centred digitalisation. Human rights matter on the internet. Without freedom of expression, people cannot participate in everything that the information society has to offer. Yet online free speech is in danger. Between state laws, private rules and algorithms, full participation in the online communicative space faces many challenges. This publication explores the profound impact of the internet on free expression and how it can be effectively secured online. The second, updated edition of this introduction into the protection of freedom of expression online answers essential questions regarding the extent and limits of freedom of expression online and the role of social networks, courts, states and organisations in online communication spaces. In clear language, with vivid examples spanning two decades of internet law, the authors answer questions on freedom of expression in cyberspace. Addressing issues from the protection of bloggers to the right to access online information, the publication also shows the importance of the standard-setting, monitoring and promotion activities of international and non-governmental organisations and includes a chapter on relevant national practice. It pays special attention to the role of European human rights law and the Council of Europe as this region’s most important human rights organisation.
Author: Oscar Pérez de la Fuente
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1000874044
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 217
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Book Description
Minorities, Free Speech and the Internet explores the regulation of free speech online and offline. Views are divided as to how much regulation of the Internet is appropriate. Some argue that it should be an unregulated space for free content. On the other hand, in many democracies, online hate speech, harassment and xenophobia are prohibited and punished. This book provides a forum for leading international scholars to address domestic and comparative dimensions of this complex legal conundrum. First, the authors analyse the free speech and Internet regulations in different legal cultures, including the United States, Europe, China and Russia. Second, they study fake news, extreme right speech and the implications of hate speech on pluralistic society. Third, they examine different case law addressing minority sensibilities, historical discriminations, offensive propaganda and other issues particularly concerning minorities and free speech. This book will be of interest to students and scholars interested in the topics of hate speech and minorities, democracy, misinformation and debates about the Internet, as well as political science researchers.
