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Author: Ursula Martin
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 144713558X
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 323
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Book Description
The papers in this volume were presented at the First International Workshop on Larch, held at MIT Endicott House near Boston on 13-15 July 1992. Larch is a family of formal specification languages and tools, and this workshop was a forum for those who have designed the Larch languages, built tool support for them, particularly the Larch Prover, and used them to specify and reason about software and hardware systems. The Larch Project started in 1980, led by John Guttag at MIT and James Horning, then at Xerox/Palo Alto Research Center and now at Digital Equipment Corporation/Systems Research Center (DEC/SRC). Major applications have included VLSI circuit synthesis, medical device communications, compiler development and concurrent systems based on Lamport's TLA, as well as several applications to classical theorem proving and algebraic specification. Larch supports a two-tiered approach to specifying software and hardware modules. One tier of a specification is wrillen in the Larch Shared Language (LSL). An LSL specification describes mathematical abstractions such as sets, relations, and algebras; its semantics is defined in terms of first-order theories. The second tier is written in a Larch interface language, one designed for a specific programming language. An interface specification describes the effects of individual modules, e.g. state changes, resource allocation, and exceptions; its semantics is defined in terms of first-order predicates over two states, where state is defined in terms of the programming language's notion of state. Thus, LSL is programming language independent; a Larch interface language is programming language dependent.
Author: Ursula Martin
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 144713558X
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 323
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Book Description
The papers in this volume were presented at the First International Workshop on Larch, held at MIT Endicott House near Boston on 13-15 July 1992. Larch is a family of formal specification languages and tools, and this workshop was a forum for those who have designed the Larch languages, built tool support for them, particularly the Larch Prover, and used them to specify and reason about software and hardware systems. The Larch Project started in 1980, led by John Guttag at MIT and James Horning, then at Xerox/Palo Alto Research Center and now at Digital Equipment Corporation/Systems Research Center (DEC/SRC). Major applications have included VLSI circuit synthesis, medical device communications, compiler development and concurrent systems based on Lamport's TLA, as well as several applications to classical theorem proving and algebraic specification. Larch supports a two-tiered approach to specifying software and hardware modules. One tier of a specification is wrillen in the Larch Shared Language (LSL). An LSL specification describes mathematical abstractions such as sets, relations, and algebras; its semantics is defined in terms of first-order theories. The second tier is written in a Larch interface language, one designed for a specific programming language. An interface specification describes the effects of individual modules, e.g. state changes, resource allocation, and exceptions; its semantics is defined in terms of first-order predicates over two states, where state is defined in terms of the programming language's notion of state. Thus, LSL is programming language independent; a Larch interface language is programming language dependent.
Author: Norman W. Paton
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1447132254
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 419
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Book Description
This book is the proceedings of a workshop held at Heriot-Watt University in Edinburgh in August 1993. The central theme of the workshop was rules in database systems, and the papers presented covered a range of different aspects of database rule systems. These aspects are reflected in the sessions of the workshop, which are the same as the sections in this proceedings: Active Databases Architectures Incorporating Temporal Rules Rules and Transactions Analysis and Debugging of Active Rules Integrating Graphs/Objects with Deduction Integrating Deductive and Active Rules Integrity Constraints Deductive Databases The incorporation of rules into database systems is an important area of research, as it is a major component in the integration of behavioural information with the structural data with which commercial databases have traditionally been associated. This integration of the behavioural aspects of an application with the data to which it applies in database systems leads to more straightforward application development and more efficient processing of data. Many novel applications seem to need database systems in which structural and behavioural information are fully integrated. Rules are only one means of expressing behavioural information, but it is clear that different types of rule can be used to capture directly different properties of an application which are cumbersome to support using conventional database architectures. In recent years there has been a surge of research activity focusing upon active database systems, and this volume opens with a collection of papers devoted specifically to this topic.
Author: Derek J. Andrews
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1447132297
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 367
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Book Description
SoSL was the first International Workshop on Semantics of Specification Languages, held from 25-27 October 1993 in Utrecht, the Netherlands. The workshop was organized by the Department of Philosophy of Utrecht University with financial support from the Nationale Faciliteit Informatica of the Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), and under the auspices of the British Computer Society'S specialist group in Formal Aspects of Computing Science (BCS FACS). The concern of the workshop was the semantics of specification languages, and the issues closely related to this area, such as type checking and the justification of proof rules and proof obligations. Its aim was the exchange of problems and ideas in this field of formal methods, and the identification of common programs of work for further investigation. The program of SoSL consisted of 3 invited lectures presenting the developments of the semantics of 3 major specification languages. Furthermore, there were 16 presentations of submitted papers. This volume provides a direct account of the workshop. It contains 3 papers that match the invited lectures and the 16 selected papers. The editors want to thank all those who have contributed to the workshop; the Program Committee and the referees for selecting the contributed papers, the invited speakers for their interesting talks, the Organizing Committee for all their efforts, and of course the participants. We have the feeling that the workshop was worthwhile and should be repeated.
Author: Johann Eder
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1447135776
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 435
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Book Description
This volume results from the four-day scientific Second International East/West Database Workshop which took place 25th-28th September 1994, in Klagenfurt, Austria, continuing a series of workshops started in Kiev in 1990 (Lecture Notes in Computer Science No. 504, Springer, "Next Generation Information System Technology"). The aims of this workshop are twofold: first, to provide a forum for the presentation and in-depth discussion of scientific achievements in the field of advanced databases that will effectively improve the building and use of future information systems; second, to establish and increase communication between research communities which were formerly separated and, therefore, had only rare opportunities to interact. It should establish contacts between researchers from the East and from the West to make exchange of ideas possible and to trigger collaborations. However, it is not only political borders which change their perviousness as a result of -or giving rise to -new autonomies or new possibilities for interaction and collaboration. The same happens with the borders between scientific areas, in particular in the dynamically evolving areas of computer science. Databases and programming languages are integrated in object oriented databases, database and information retrieval technology form together the basis for modern (multimedia) information systems. Furthermore, the borders between different information systems change and allow various forms of collaboration while maintaining different degrees of autonomy. Heterogeneous and distributed databases are enabling technologies for these systems.
Author: J.P. Bowen
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1447135563
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 350
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Book Description
The Z notation has been developed at the Programming Research Group at the Oxford University Computing Laboratory and elsewhere for over a decade. It is now used by industry as part of the software (and hardware) development process in both Europe and the USA. It is currently undergoing BSI standardisation in the UK, and has been proposed for ISO standardisation internationally. In recent years researchers have begun to focus increasingly on the development of techniques and tools to encourage the wider application of Z and other formal methods and notations. This volume contains papers from the Seventh Annual Z User Meeting, held in London in December 1992. In contrast to previous years the meeting concentrated specifically on industrial applications of Z, and a high proportion of the participants came from an industrial background. The theme is well represented by the four invited papers. Three of these discuss ways in which formal methods are being introduced, and the fourth presents an international survey of industrial applications. It also provides a reminder of the improvements which are needed to make these methods an accepted part of software development. In addition the volume contains several submitted papers on the industrial use of Z, two of which discuss the key area of safety-critical applications. There are also a number of papers related to the recently-completed ZIP project. The papers cover all the main areas of the project including methods, tools, and the development of a Z Standard, the first publicly-available version of which was made available at the meeting. Finally the volume contains a select Z bibliography, and section on how to access information on Z through comp.specification.z, the international, computer-based USENET newsgroup. Z User Workshop, London 1992 provides an important overview of current research into industrial applications of Z, and will provide invaluable reading for researchers, postgraduate students and also potential industrial users of Z.
Author: Wojciech P. Ziarko
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1447132386
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 486
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Book Description
The objective of this book is two-fold. Firstly, it is aimed at bringing to gether key research articles concerned with methodologies for knowledge discovery in databases and their applications. Secondly, it also contains articles discussing fundamentals of rough sets and their relationship to fuzzy sets, machine learning, management of uncertainty and systems of logic for formal reasoning about knowledge. Applications of rough sets in different areas such as medicine, logic design, image processing and expert systems are also represented. The articles included in the book are based on selected papers presented at the International Workshop on Rough Sets and Knowledge Discovery held in Banff, Canada in 1993. The primary methodological approach emphasized in the book is the mathematical theory of rough sets, a relatively new branch of mathematics concerned with the modeling and analysis of classification problems with imprecise, uncertain, or incomplete information. The methods of the theory of rough sets have applications in many sub-areas of artificial intelligence including knowledge discovery, machine learning, formal reasoning in the presence of uncertainty, knowledge acquisition, and others. This spectrum of applications is reflected in this book where articles, although centered around knowledge discovery problems, touch a number of related issues. The book is intended to provide an important reference material for students, researchers, and developers working in the areas of knowledge discovery, machine learning, reasoning with uncertainty, adaptive expert systems, and pattern classification.
Author: Malcolm Atkinson
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1447121228
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 559
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Book Description
The Sixth International Workshop on Persistent Object Systems was held at Les Mazets des Roches near Tarascon, Provence in southern France from the fifth to the ninth of September 1994. The attractive context and autumn warmth greeted the 53 participants from 12 countries spread over five continents. Persistent object systems continue to grow in importance. Almost all significant uses of computers to support human endeavours depend on long-lived and large-scale systems. As expectations and ambitions rise so the sophistication of the systems we attempt to build also rises. The quality and integrity of the systems and their feasibility for supporting large groups of co-operating people depends on their technical founda tion. Persistent object systems are being developed which provide a more robust and yet simpler foundation for these persistent applications. The workshop followed the tradition of the previous workshops in the series, focusing on the design, implementation and use of persistent object systems in particular and persistent systems in general. There were clear signs that this line of research is maturing, as engineering issues were discussed with the aid of evidence from operational systems. The work presented covered the complete range of database facilities: transactions, concurrency, distribution, integrity and schema modifica tion. There were examples of very large scale use, one involving tens of terabytes of data. Language issues, particularly the provision of reflection, continued to be important.
Author: Richard Cooper
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1447134230
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 464
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Book Description
Despite the volume of research carried out into the design of database systems and the design of user interfaces, there is little cross-fertilization between the two areas. The control of user interfaces to database systems is, therefore, significantly less advanced than other aspects of DBMS design. As database functionality is used in a wider range of areas, such as design applications, the suitability of the user interface is becoming increasingly important. It is, therefore, necessary to begin applying the knowledge developed by HCI researchers to the specialised domain of database systems. This volume contains revised papers from the International Workshop on Interfaces to Database Systems, held in Glasgow, 1-3 July 1992. The workshop aimed to develop an interaction between the design of database systems and user interfaces. It discussed both the production of interfaces tailored to particular applications, and also more general systems within which interfaces can be developed. Some of the papers concentrate on usability aspects, some discuss different interface metaphors, whilst others tackle the question of designing a general conceptual model. The latter topic is of particular importance, as it is only by achieving an abstract model of what the user understands to be in the database that the data can be associated with appropriate interface facilities. Among the contents of the volume are: integrated interfaces to publicly available databases; database query interface for medical information systems; an integrated approach to task oriented database retrieval interfaces; GRADI: a graphical database interface for a multimedia DBMS; cognitive view mechanism for multimedia information systems; a graphical schema representation for object oriented databases; a conceptual framework for error analysis in SQL interfaces; a browser for a version entity relationship database. Interfaces to Database Systems (IDS92) is unique in that it brings together a variety of approaches from the database and HCI research communities. It will provide essential reading for researchers of database systems and also industrial developers of DBMS.
Author: Antonio Albano
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1447132092
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 456
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Book Description
Author: Matt Smith
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1447135717
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 177
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Book Description
The research fields of "artificial intelligence and music" and "cognitive musicology" are relative newcomers to the many interdisciplinary groupings based around the centre of AI and cognitive science. They are concerned with the computational study and emulation of human behaviour with respect to music, in many aspects, and with varying degrees of emphasis on psychological plausibility. Recent publications have included work in such diverse areas as rhythm and pitch perception, performance, composition, and formal analysis. Music shares with language the property of giving access to human mental behaviour in a very direct way. As such, it has the potential to be a very useful domain for AI work. Furthermore, in the course of time, AI related work will surely throw light back onto some or all of the fields to which it is applied. Indeed, we are already beginning to feel the benefits of the application of AI techniques to music technology. It is not surprising, therefore, that one of the first areas interest for of musical AI study is that of music education. There are many ways in which an artificial intelligence or cognitive science approach to music education may be applied - for example, to automate tuition, to explain learning processes, to provide metaphors for human computer interaction, and so on. This collection of papers, which is intended to give an impression of both the breadth and depth of the field, originated from a workshop entitled "Music Education: An Artificial Intelligence Approach".
