Author: Iain Anderson
Publisher: Packt Publishing Ltd
ISBN: 1839215445
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 796
Book Description
A comprehensive, best practice guide from Apple Certified Trainer Iain Anderson, with illustrated step-by-step instructions to explore a Final Cut Pro editing workflow from shoot to delivery Key Features Explore the best ways to use FCP, from importing and editing to finishing and exporting the final cut Unlock the power of editing in the magnetic timeline to make huge changes or subtle adjustments Finish with pro-level color correction, tracking, effects, transitions, audio, titles, and captions Book DescriptionFinal Cut Pro (also known as FCP, previously Final Cut Pro X) is Apple’s efficient and accessible video editing software for everyone, offering powerful features that experienced editors and novices will find useful. FCP is the quickest way to transform your raw clips into a finished piece, so if speed is important, make this a key tool in your editing arsenal. Final Cut Pro Efficient Editing is a comprehensive best practice guide for all editors. You’ll not only learn how to use the features but also find out which ones are the most important and when you should use them. With the help of practical examples, the book will show you how typical footage can be assembled, trimmed, colored, and finessed to produce a finished edit, exploring a variety of techniques. As you progress through the book, you’ll follow a standard editing workflow to get the feel of working on real-world projects and answer self-assessment questions to make sure that you’re on track. By the end of this Final Cut Pro book, you’ll be well versed with the key features of this app and have all the tools you need to create impressive edits.What you will learn Understand the media import process and delve into media management Effectively organize your footage so you can find the right shot quickly Discover how to assemble a rough cut edit Explore trimming and advanced editing techniques to finesse and finalize the edit Enhance an edit with color correction, effects, transitions, titles, captions, and much more Sweeten the audio by controlling volume, using compression, and adding effects Share your final edited video and archive the job Who this book is forThe book is for creative professionals, anyone starting out in video editing, and editors switching to Final Cut Pro from another video editing system. Whether you are a beginner or a professional, you'll find this FCP book useful. All you need to get started is familiarity with macOS.
Final Cut Pro Efficient Editing
Author: Iain Anderson
Publisher: Packt Publishing Ltd
ISBN: 1839215445
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 796
Book Description
A comprehensive, best practice guide from Apple Certified Trainer Iain Anderson, with illustrated step-by-step instructions to explore a Final Cut Pro editing workflow from shoot to delivery Key Features Explore the best ways to use FCP, from importing and editing to finishing and exporting the final cut Unlock the power of editing in the magnetic timeline to make huge changes or subtle adjustments Finish with pro-level color correction, tracking, effects, transitions, audio, titles, and captions Book DescriptionFinal Cut Pro (also known as FCP, previously Final Cut Pro X) is Apple’s efficient and accessible video editing software for everyone, offering powerful features that experienced editors and novices will find useful. FCP is the quickest way to transform your raw clips into a finished piece, so if speed is important, make this a key tool in your editing arsenal. Final Cut Pro Efficient Editing is a comprehensive best practice guide for all editors. You’ll not only learn how to use the features but also find out which ones are the most important and when you should use them. With the help of practical examples, the book will show you how typical footage can be assembled, trimmed, colored, and finessed to produce a finished edit, exploring a variety of techniques. As you progress through the book, you’ll follow a standard editing workflow to get the feel of working on real-world projects and answer self-assessment questions to make sure that you’re on track. By the end of this Final Cut Pro book, you’ll be well versed with the key features of this app and have all the tools you need to create impressive edits.What you will learn Understand the media import process and delve into media management Effectively organize your footage so you can find the right shot quickly Discover how to assemble a rough cut edit Explore trimming and advanced editing techniques to finesse and finalize the edit Enhance an edit with color correction, effects, transitions, titles, captions, and much more Sweeten the audio by controlling volume, using compression, and adding effects Share your final edited video and archive the job Who this book is forThe book is for creative professionals, anyone starting out in video editing, and editors switching to Final Cut Pro from another video editing system. Whether you are a beginner or a professional, you'll find this FCP book useful. All you need to get started is familiarity with macOS.
Publisher: Packt Publishing Ltd
ISBN: 1839215445
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 796
Book Description
A comprehensive, best practice guide from Apple Certified Trainer Iain Anderson, with illustrated step-by-step instructions to explore a Final Cut Pro editing workflow from shoot to delivery Key Features Explore the best ways to use FCP, from importing and editing to finishing and exporting the final cut Unlock the power of editing in the magnetic timeline to make huge changes or subtle adjustments Finish with pro-level color correction, tracking, effects, transitions, audio, titles, and captions Book DescriptionFinal Cut Pro (also known as FCP, previously Final Cut Pro X) is Apple’s efficient and accessible video editing software for everyone, offering powerful features that experienced editors and novices will find useful. FCP is the quickest way to transform your raw clips into a finished piece, so if speed is important, make this a key tool in your editing arsenal. Final Cut Pro Efficient Editing is a comprehensive best practice guide for all editors. You’ll not only learn how to use the features but also find out which ones are the most important and when you should use them. With the help of practical examples, the book will show you how typical footage can be assembled, trimmed, colored, and finessed to produce a finished edit, exploring a variety of techniques. As you progress through the book, you’ll follow a standard editing workflow to get the feel of working on real-world projects and answer self-assessment questions to make sure that you’re on track. By the end of this Final Cut Pro book, you’ll be well versed with the key features of this app and have all the tools you need to create impressive edits.What you will learn Understand the media import process and delve into media management Effectively organize your footage so you can find the right shot quickly Discover how to assemble a rough cut edit Explore trimming and advanced editing techniques to finesse and finalize the edit Enhance an edit with color correction, effects, transitions, titles, captions, and much more Sweeten the audio by controlling volume, using compression, and adding effects Share your final edited video and archive the job Who this book is forThe book is for creative professionals, anyone starting out in video editing, and editors switching to Final Cut Pro from another video editing system. Whether you are a beginner or a professional, you'll find this FCP book useful. All you need to get started is familiarity with macOS.
Final Cut Pro Workflows
Author: Jason Osder
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1136060294
Category : Performing Arts
Languages : en
Pages : 553
Book Description
Today's digital production tools empower the small team to produce multimedia projects that formerly required large teams. Orchestrating a production requires more than proficiency with the postproduction tools. Final Cut Pro Workflows: The Independent Studio Handbook offers a cookbook of postproduction workflows that teams can follow to deliver an array of products to their clients. It describes appropriate postproduction workflows, team roles and responsibilities, and required equipment for some of the most common media productions. Combining the wisdom of traditional roles and responsibilities with an understanding of how FCP facilitates a new flexibility where these roles/responsibilities can be redistributed, this book sheds light on workflow processes and responsibilities, and includes 7 real-world workflows from a diverse range of projects: * Money-Saving Digital Video Archive * Long-Form Documentary with Mixed Sources * Web-Based Viewing and Ordering System * 30-Second Spot for Broadcast * Multi-Part TV Series with Multiple Editors * DVD Educational Supplement * Music Video with Multi-Cam Editing and Multiple Outputs The book also provides access to a companion website that features additional electronic chapters focusing on Final Cut Server, Apple's powerful new media asset management and workflow automation software. Written with a unique iconography to better convey key points and applicable to all levels of FCP users, Final Cut Pro Workflows: The Independent Studio Handbook is a vital reference tool for every postproduction house.
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1136060294
Category : Performing Arts
Languages : en
Pages : 553
Book Description
Today's digital production tools empower the small team to produce multimedia projects that formerly required large teams. Orchestrating a production requires more than proficiency with the postproduction tools. Final Cut Pro Workflows: The Independent Studio Handbook offers a cookbook of postproduction workflows that teams can follow to deliver an array of products to their clients. It describes appropriate postproduction workflows, team roles and responsibilities, and required equipment for some of the most common media productions. Combining the wisdom of traditional roles and responsibilities with an understanding of how FCP facilitates a new flexibility where these roles/responsibilities can be redistributed, this book sheds light on workflow processes and responsibilities, and includes 7 real-world workflows from a diverse range of projects: * Money-Saving Digital Video Archive * Long-Form Documentary with Mixed Sources * Web-Based Viewing and Ordering System * 30-Second Spot for Broadcast * Multi-Part TV Series with Multiple Editors * DVD Educational Supplement * Music Video with Multi-Cam Editing and Multiple Outputs The book also provides access to a companion website that features additional electronic chapters focusing on Final Cut Server, Apple's powerful new media asset management and workflow automation software. Written with a unique iconography to better convey key points and applicable to all levels of FCP users, Final Cut Pro Workflows: The Independent Studio Handbook is a vital reference tool for every postproduction house.
The Filmmaker's Guide to Final Cut Pro Workflow
Author: Dale Angell
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1136060618
Category : Performing Arts
Languages : en
Pages : 268
Book Description
The Filmmaker's Guide to Final Cut Pro Workflow is the comprehensive roadmap to affordable postproduction workflow using Final Cut Pro, Cinema Tools, and Pro Tools. Illuminating workflow and the interrelationship of these software applications, it also focuses on cost saving and efficiency, aiding low-budget, independent moviemakers as well as students trying to take their skills to the professional level. Author Dale Angell offers a practical guide to complete film postproduction workflow, describing low-cost workflow that can be used for 35mm film, High Definition digital video, or DV/Red Camera. The Filmmaker's Guide to Final Cut Pro Workflow will help the independent filmmaker working on a tight budget: . Understand capturing picture when shooting on film or digital video . Finishing the project on either film or video . Audio edit workflows for both film and video . Comprehend NTSC and PAL video as well as modern digital video formats . Understand timecode and the file architecture in Final Cut Pro, Cinema Tools, and Pro Tools
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1136060618
Category : Performing Arts
Languages : en
Pages : 268
Book Description
The Filmmaker's Guide to Final Cut Pro Workflow is the comprehensive roadmap to affordable postproduction workflow using Final Cut Pro, Cinema Tools, and Pro Tools. Illuminating workflow and the interrelationship of these software applications, it also focuses on cost saving and efficiency, aiding low-budget, independent moviemakers as well as students trying to take their skills to the professional level. Author Dale Angell offers a practical guide to complete film postproduction workflow, describing low-cost workflow that can be used for 35mm film, High Definition digital video, or DV/Red Camera. The Filmmaker's Guide to Final Cut Pro Workflow will help the independent filmmaker working on a tight budget: . Understand capturing picture when shooting on film or digital video . Finishing the project on either film or video . Audio edit workflows for both film and video . Comprehend NTSC and PAL video as well as modern digital video formats . Understand timecode and the file architecture in Final Cut Pro, Cinema Tools, and Pro Tools
Final Cut Pro X 10.4 - Apple Pro Training Series
Author: Brendan Boykin
Publisher: Peachpit Press
ISBN: 013517189X
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 710
Book Description
The Apple-Certified Way to Learn This fully updated Apple-certified guide presents a real-world workflow from raw media to finished project to demonstrate the features of Final Cut Pro X 10.4 and the practical techniques you will use in editing projects. Using professionally acquired media, you’ll utilize the same tools and editing techniques used by editors worldwide in this revolutionary editing software. Renowned editor and master trainer Brendan Boykin starts with basic video editing techniques and takes you all the way through Final Cut Pro’s powerful features. The lessons start as real world as it gets—with an empty application. After downloading the media files, you will be guided through creating a project from scratch to finished draft. The basic workflow and tools are covered in Lessons 1 through 4 where you create a rough cut. The real-world workflow continues through the remaining lessons as you take the basic project and enhance it with a dive into more robust features including the newest Final Cut Pro X 10.4 tools for 360° editing, precision color grading, and more. • Downloadable lesson and media files to work sequentially through exercises for hours of hands-on training. • Focused lessons teach concepts and take students step by step through professional, real-world editing scenarios to create a final project. • Chapter review questions summarize what students learn to prepare them for the Apple certification exam. • Web Edition provides full text of the book available online with revised content for significant software updates. The Apple Pro Training Series is both a self-paced learning tool and the official curriculum of the Apple Training and Certification program. Upon completing the course material in this guide, you can become Apple Certified by passing the certification exam at an Apple Authorized Training Center. To find an Apple Authorized Training Center near you, please visit training.apple.com.
Publisher: Peachpit Press
ISBN: 013517189X
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 710
Book Description
The Apple-Certified Way to Learn This fully updated Apple-certified guide presents a real-world workflow from raw media to finished project to demonstrate the features of Final Cut Pro X 10.4 and the practical techniques you will use in editing projects. Using professionally acquired media, you’ll utilize the same tools and editing techniques used by editors worldwide in this revolutionary editing software. Renowned editor and master trainer Brendan Boykin starts with basic video editing techniques and takes you all the way through Final Cut Pro’s powerful features. The lessons start as real world as it gets—with an empty application. After downloading the media files, you will be guided through creating a project from scratch to finished draft. The basic workflow and tools are covered in Lessons 1 through 4 where you create a rough cut. The real-world workflow continues through the remaining lessons as you take the basic project and enhance it with a dive into more robust features including the newest Final Cut Pro X 10.4 tools for 360° editing, precision color grading, and more. • Downloadable lesson and media files to work sequentially through exercises for hours of hands-on training. • Focused lessons teach concepts and take students step by step through professional, real-world editing scenarios to create a final project. • Chapter review questions summarize what students learn to prepare them for the Apple certification exam. • Web Edition provides full text of the book available online with revised content for significant software updates. The Apple Pro Training Series is both a self-paced learning tool and the official curriculum of the Apple Training and Certification program. Upon completing the course material in this guide, you can become Apple Certified by passing the certification exam at an Apple Authorized Training Center. To find an Apple Authorized Training Center near you, please visit training.apple.com.
Final Cut Pro X
Author: Diana Weynand
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780321918673
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 547
Book Description
Important Note: This book does not work with the latest version of Final Cut Pro X 10.1. Please refer to the latest version of this title: Apple Pro Training Series: Final Cut Pro X 10.1: Professional Post-Production ISBN-10: 0321949560 Revised for Final Cut Pro X 10.0.7 and featuring compelling footage, this best-selling, Apple-certified guide provides a strong foundation in all aspects of video editing. Renowned author Diana Weynand starts with basic video editing techniques and takes readers all the way through Final Cut Pro's powerful features. This Second Edition covers the latest terminology and interface changes including those to the Viewer, Toolbar, Timeline, and menus. Coverage of new and enhanced features includes compound clips, multichannel audio editing, and exporting roles. Each chapter presents a complete lesson in an aspect of video editing and finishing, using professional-quality and broadcast footage. · DVD-ROM includes lesson and media files for over 40 hours of training · Focused lessons take you step-by-step through professional, real-world projects · Accessible writing style puts an expert instructor at your side · Ample illustrations and keyboard shortcuts help you master techniques fast · Lesson goals and time estimates help you plan your time · Chapter review questions summarize what you've learned and prepare you for the Apple Certified Pro Exam
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780321918673
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 547
Book Description
Important Note: This book does not work with the latest version of Final Cut Pro X 10.1. Please refer to the latest version of this title: Apple Pro Training Series: Final Cut Pro X 10.1: Professional Post-Production ISBN-10: 0321949560 Revised for Final Cut Pro X 10.0.7 and featuring compelling footage, this best-selling, Apple-certified guide provides a strong foundation in all aspects of video editing. Renowned author Diana Weynand starts with basic video editing techniques and takes readers all the way through Final Cut Pro's powerful features. This Second Edition covers the latest terminology and interface changes including those to the Viewer, Toolbar, Timeline, and menus. Coverage of new and enhanced features includes compound clips, multichannel audio editing, and exporting roles. Each chapter presents a complete lesson in an aspect of video editing and finishing, using professional-quality and broadcast footage. · DVD-ROM includes lesson and media files for over 40 hours of training · Focused lessons take you step-by-step through professional, real-world projects · Accessible writing style puts an expert instructor at your side · Ample illustrations and keyboard shortcuts help you master techniques fast · Lesson goals and time estimates help you plan your time · Chapter review questions summarize what you've learned and prepare you for the Apple Certified Pro Exam
The Filmmaker's Guide to Final Cut Pro Workflow
Author: Dale Angell
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 0240809866
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 268
Book Description
First Published in 2008. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 0240809866
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 268
Book Description
First Published in 2008. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Edit without Tears with Final Cut Pro
Author: Bruce G. Macbryde
Publisher: Packt Publishing Ltd
ISBN: 1804611271
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 708
Book Description
Create, edit, and produce professional-grade videos with practical tips, step-by-step guides, and illustrations Key Features Enhance project structure, manage media, and use the inspector effectively for consistent pacing Take your video projects to the next level by mastering features such as keyframe animation and advanced color correction Foster collaboration and troubleshoot common issues for a smooth editing process Purchase of the print or Kindle book includes a free PDF eBook Book DescriptionEdit Without Tears with Final Cut Pro is your essential guide to overcoming challenges in video editing using Final Cut Pro, simplifying complex procedures and workflows and providing a structured approach for efficient and impressive video editing. This book will change how you approach editing, guiding you to create professional-grade videos with ease and confidence. Throughout the book, you'll enhance your efficiency and speed, while also learning unique workflows for common tasks. The comprehensive coverage spans planning video narratives, crafting preliminary edits and refining them, improving audio quality, setting up and editing multicam sequences, leveraging the inspector's controls, and working with both built-in and third-party plugins. You’ll then advance to animating objects using keyframes, utilizing color scopes for advanced color correction, and troubleshooting common issues confidently. By the end of this Final Cut Pro book, you’ll have developed an efficient editing style, unlocking the full power of this video editing software for your creative endeavors.What you will learn Organize Final Cut Pro files efficiently in designated locations Set yourself up for success by planning your edits Fine-tune the editing pace to achieve the desired flow and timing Utilize the inspector for color and audio adjustments Initiate various projects, including the Countdown project Enhance effects and animations through plugins Collaborate effectively with multiple users and leverage multicam Ensure all necessary requirements are met after completing the edit Who this book is for If you’re an intermediate-level Final Cut Pro editor, creative professional, freelancer, YouTuber, part of a production team, or anyone creating high-quality content on macOS using Final Cut Pro, this book is for you. A basic understanding of video editing principles and familiarity with media formats and macOS file storage is needed to get started with this book.
Publisher: Packt Publishing Ltd
ISBN: 1804611271
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 708
Book Description
Create, edit, and produce professional-grade videos with practical tips, step-by-step guides, and illustrations Key Features Enhance project structure, manage media, and use the inspector effectively for consistent pacing Take your video projects to the next level by mastering features such as keyframe animation and advanced color correction Foster collaboration and troubleshoot common issues for a smooth editing process Purchase of the print or Kindle book includes a free PDF eBook Book DescriptionEdit Without Tears with Final Cut Pro is your essential guide to overcoming challenges in video editing using Final Cut Pro, simplifying complex procedures and workflows and providing a structured approach for efficient and impressive video editing. This book will change how you approach editing, guiding you to create professional-grade videos with ease and confidence. Throughout the book, you'll enhance your efficiency and speed, while also learning unique workflows for common tasks. The comprehensive coverage spans planning video narratives, crafting preliminary edits and refining them, improving audio quality, setting up and editing multicam sequences, leveraging the inspector's controls, and working with both built-in and third-party plugins. You’ll then advance to animating objects using keyframes, utilizing color scopes for advanced color correction, and troubleshooting common issues confidently. By the end of this Final Cut Pro book, you’ll have developed an efficient editing style, unlocking the full power of this video editing software for your creative endeavors.What you will learn Organize Final Cut Pro files efficiently in designated locations Set yourself up for success by planning your edits Fine-tune the editing pace to achieve the desired flow and timing Utilize the inspector for color and audio adjustments Initiate various projects, including the Countdown project Enhance effects and animations through plugins Collaborate effectively with multiple users and leverage multicam Ensure all necessary requirements are met after completing the edit Who this book is for If you’re an intermediate-level Final Cut Pro editor, creative professional, freelancer, YouTuber, part of a production team, or anyone creating high-quality content on macOS using Final Cut Pro, this book is for you. A basic understanding of video editing principles and familiarity with media formats and macOS file storage is needed to get started with this book.
Final Cut Pro Workflows
Author: Jason Osder
Publisher: Focal Press
ISBN: 9780240810058
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 317
Book Description
Real-world workflows that provide blueprints on how to produce an array of multimedia products with a small team and a basic proficiency with Final Cut Pro.
Publisher: Focal Press
ISBN: 9780240810058
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 317
Book Description
Real-world workflows that provide blueprints on how to produce an array of multimedia products with a small team and a basic proficiency with Final Cut Pro.
Final Cut Pro 7
Author: Lisa Brenneis
Publisher: Peachpit Press
ISBN: 0132104741
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 1335
Book Description
Newly updated for Final Cut Pro 7, this Visual QuickPro Guide is hands-down one of the most sought out books on Apple's non-linear editing system. An undisputed master of the digital video medium, Lisa Brenneis once again demystifies the complexities of the program with her straightforward approach that uses tasked-based, step-by-step instructions and loads of visuals and time-saving tips. Busy professionals and newcomers alike will appreciate that they can quickly find and learn tasks specific to their needs, benefiting from the award-winning Visual QuickPro style. Topics covered include essential editing tasks and media-management strategies, transitions, effects and filters, rendering options, and much more. It includes coverage of new features such as the new speed tools, iChat theater support, and additional export options via the new Share menu, for delivering content to multiple devices including iPhone, iPod, and MobileMe. This is a must-have reference for anyone wanting to learn to use Final Cut Pro, whether they are new to the program or are upgrading.
Publisher: Peachpit Press
ISBN: 0132104741
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 1335
Book Description
Newly updated for Final Cut Pro 7, this Visual QuickPro Guide is hands-down one of the most sought out books on Apple's non-linear editing system. An undisputed master of the digital video medium, Lisa Brenneis once again demystifies the complexities of the program with her straightforward approach that uses tasked-based, step-by-step instructions and loads of visuals and time-saving tips. Busy professionals and newcomers alike will appreciate that they can quickly find and learn tasks specific to their needs, benefiting from the award-winning Visual QuickPro style. Topics covered include essential editing tasks and media-management strategies, transitions, effects and filters, rendering options, and much more. It includes coverage of new features such as the new speed tools, iChat theater support, and additional export options via the new Share menu, for delivering content to multiple devices including iPhone, iPod, and MobileMe. This is a must-have reference for anyone wanting to learn to use Final Cut Pro, whether they are new to the program or are upgrading.
Final Cut Pro 6
Author: Lisa Brenneis
Publisher: Pearson Education
ISBN: 0132712245
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 1301
Book Description
Newly updated for Final Cut Pro 6, this Visual QuickPro Guide is hands-down one of the most sought out books on Apple’s non-linear editing system. An undisputed master of the digital video medium, Lisa Brenneis once again demystifies the complexities of the program with her straightforward approach that uses tasked-based, step-by-step instructions and loads of visuals and time-saving tips. Busy professionals and newcomers alike will appreciate that they can quickly find and learn tasks specific to their needs, benefiting from the award-winning Visual QuickPro style. Topics covered include essential editing tasks and media-management strategies, transitions, effects and filters, rendering options, and much much more. This is a must-have reference for anyone wanting to learn to use Final Cut Pro, whether they are new to the program or are upgrading.
Publisher: Pearson Education
ISBN: 0132712245
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 1301
Book Description
Newly updated for Final Cut Pro 6, this Visual QuickPro Guide is hands-down one of the most sought out books on Apple’s non-linear editing system. An undisputed master of the digital video medium, Lisa Brenneis once again demystifies the complexities of the program with her straightforward approach that uses tasked-based, step-by-step instructions and loads of visuals and time-saving tips. Busy professionals and newcomers alike will appreciate that they can quickly find and learn tasks specific to their needs, benefiting from the award-winning Visual QuickPro style. Topics covered include essential editing tasks and media-management strategies, transitions, effects and filters, rendering options, and much much more. This is a must-have reference for anyone wanting to learn to use Final Cut Pro, whether they are new to the program or are upgrading.