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Author: Guido Buonincontri
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN: 1681736950
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 142
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Book Description
Among medical imaging modalities, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) stands out for its excellent soft-tissue contrast, anatomical detail, and high sensitivity for disease detection. However, as proven by the continuous and vast effort to develop new MRI techniques, limitations and open challenges remain. The primary source of contrast in MRI images are the various relaxation parameters associated with the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) phenomena upon which MRI is based. Although it is possible to quantify these relaxation parameters (qMRI) they are rarely used in the clinic, and radiological interpretation of images is primarily based upon images that are relaxation time weighted. The clinical adoption of qMRI is mainly limited by the long acquisition times required to quantify each relaxation parameter as well as questions around their accuracy and reliability. More specifically, the main limitations of qMRI methods have been the difficulty in dealing with the high inter-parameter correlations and a high sensitivity to MRI system imperfections. Recently, new methods for rapid qMRI have been proposed. The multi-parametric models at the heart of these techniques have the main advantage of accounting for the correlations between the parameters of interest as well as system imperfections. This holistic view on the MR signal makes it possible to regress many individual parameters at once, potentially with a higher accuracy. Novel, accurate techniques promise a fast estimation of relevant MRI quantities, including but not limited to longitudinal (T1) and transverse (T2) relaxation times. Among these emerging methods, MR Fingerprinting (MRF), synthetic MR (syMRI or MAGIC), and T1‒T2 Shuffling are making their way into the clinical world at a very fast pace. However, the main underlying assumptions and algorithms used are sometimes different from those found in the conventional MRI literature, and can be elusive at times. In this book, we take the opportunity to study and describe the main assumptions, theoretical background, and methods that are the basis of these emerging techniques. Quantitative transient state imaging provides an incredible, transformative opportunity for MRI. There is huge potential to further extend the physics, in conjunction with the underlying physiology, toward a better theoretical description of the underlying models, their application, and evaluation to improve the assessment of disease and treatment efficacy.
Author: Guido Buonincontri
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN: 1681736950
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 142
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Book Description
Among medical imaging modalities, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) stands out for its excellent soft-tissue contrast, anatomical detail, and high sensitivity for disease detection. However, as proven by the continuous and vast effort to develop new MRI techniques, limitations and open challenges remain. The primary source of contrast in MRI images are the various relaxation parameters associated with the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) phenomena upon which MRI is based. Although it is possible to quantify these relaxation parameters (qMRI) they are rarely used in the clinic, and radiological interpretation of images is primarily based upon images that are relaxation time weighted. The clinical adoption of qMRI is mainly limited by the long acquisition times required to quantify each relaxation parameter as well as questions around their accuracy and reliability. More specifically, the main limitations of qMRI methods have been the difficulty in dealing with the high inter-parameter correlations and a high sensitivity to MRI system imperfections. Recently, new methods for rapid qMRI have been proposed. The multi-parametric models at the heart of these techniques have the main advantage of accounting for the correlations between the parameters of interest as well as system imperfections. This holistic view on the MR signal makes it possible to regress many individual parameters at once, potentially with a higher accuracy. Novel, accurate techniques promise a fast estimation of relevant MRI quantities, including but not limited to longitudinal (T1) and transverse (T2) relaxation times. Among these emerging methods, MR Fingerprinting (MRF), synthetic MR (syMRI or MAGIC), and T1‒T2 Shuffling are making their way into the clinical world at a very fast pace. However, the main underlying assumptions and algorithms used are sometimes different from those found in the conventional MRI literature, and can be elusive at times. In this book, we take the opportunity to study and describe the main assumptions, theoretical background, and methods that are the basis of these emerging techniques. Quantitative transient state imaging provides an incredible, transformative opportunity for MRI. There is huge potential to further extend the physics, in conjunction with the underlying physiology, toward a better theoretical description of the underlying models, their application, and evaluation to improve the assessment of disease and treatment efficacy.
Author: Nicole Seiberlich
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128170581
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 1094
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Book Description
Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a ‘go-to’ reference for methods and applications of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging, with specific sections on Relaxometry, Perfusion, and Diffusion. Each section will start with an explanation of the basic techniques for mapping the tissue property in question, including a description of the challenges that arise when using these basic approaches. For properties which can be measured in multiple ways, each of these basic methods will be described in separate chapters. Following the basics, a chapter in each section presents more advanced and recently proposed techniques for quantitative tissue property mapping, with a concluding chapter on clinical applications. The reader will learn: The basic physics behind tissue property mapping How to implement basic pulse sequences for the quantitative measurement of tissue properties The strengths and limitations to the basic and more rapid methods for mapping the magnetic relaxation properties T1, T2, and T2* The pros and cons for different approaches to mapping perfusion The methods of Diffusion-weighted imaging and how this approach can be used to generate diffusion tensor maps and more complex representations of diffusion How flow, magneto-electric tissue property, fat fraction, exchange, elastography, and temperature mapping are performed How fast imaging approaches including parallel imaging, compressed sensing, and Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting can be used to accelerate or improve tissue property mapping schemes How tissue property mapping is used clinically in different organs Structured to cater for MRI researchers and graduate students with a wide variety of backgrounds Explains basic methods for quantitatively measuring tissue properties with MRI - including T1, T2, perfusion, diffusion, fat and iron fraction, elastography, flow, susceptibility - enabling the implementation of pulse sequences to perform measurements Shows the limitations of the techniques and explains the challenges to the clinical adoption of these traditional methods, presenting the latest research in rapid quantitative imaging which has the possibility to tackle these challenges Each section contains a chapter explaining the basics of novel ideas for quantitative mapping, such as compressed sensing and Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting-based approaches
Author: Guido Buonincontri
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 303101667X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 124
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Book Description
Among medical imaging modalities, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) stands out for its excellent soft-tissue contrast, anatomical detail, and high sensitivity for disease detection. However, as proven by the continuous and vast effort to develop new MRI techniques, limitations and open challenges remain. The primary source of contrast in MRI images are the various relaxation parameters associated with the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) phenomena upon which MRI is based. Although it is possible to quantify these relaxation parameters (qMRI) they are rarely used in the clinic, and radiological interpretation of images is primarily based upon images that are relaxation time weighted. The clinical adoption of qMRI is mainly limited by the long acquisition times required to quantify each relaxation parameter as well as questions around their accuracy and reliability. More specifically, the main limitations of qMRI methods have been the difficulty in dealing with the high inter-parameter correlations and a high sensitivity to MRI system imperfections. Recently, new methods for rapid qMRI have been proposed. The multi-parametric models at the heart of these techniques have the main advantage of accounting for the correlations between the parameters of interest as well as system imperfections. This holistic view on the MR signal makes it possible to regress many individual parameters at once, potentially with a higher accuracy. Novel, accurate techniques promise a fast estimation of relevant MRI quantities, including but not limited to longitudinal (T1) and transverse (T2) relaxation times. Among these emerging methods, MR Fingerprinting (MRF), synthetic MR (syMRI or MAGIC), and T1‒T2 Shuffling are making their way into the clinical world at a very fast pace. However, the main underlying assumptions and algorithms used are sometimes different from those found in the conventional MRI literature, and can be elusive at times. In this book, we take the opportunity to study and describe the main assumptions, theoretical background, and methods that are the basis of these emerging techniques. Quantitative transient state imaging provides an incredible, transformative opportunity for MRI. There is huge potential to further extend the physics, in conjunction with the underlying physiology, toward a better theoretical description of the underlying models, their application, and evaluation to improve the assessment of disease and treatment efficacy.
Author: Hernan Jara
Publisher: World Scientific Publishing Company Incorporated
ISBN: 9789814295239
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 250
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Book Description
qMRI is a rapidly evolving scientific field of high current interest because it has the potential of radically changing the clinical and research practices of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This focuses solely on the theoretical aspects of qMRI, which are treated and analyzed at three different spatial scales, specifically: i) the quantum physics scale of individual spins; ii) the semi-classical physics scale of spin packets; and iii) the imaging scale of voxels. Topics are presented paying particular attention to theoretical unification and mathematical uniformity.
Author: Donglai Huo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 186
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Book Description
Author: Mara Cercignani
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1315363550
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 782
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Book Description
Building on the success of the first edition of this book, the winner of the 2004 British Medical Association Radiology Medical Book Competition, Quantitative MRI of the Brain: Principles of Physical Measurement gives a unique view on how to use an MRI machine in a new way. Used as a scientific instrument it can make measurements of a myriad of physical and biological quantities in the human brain and body. For each small tissue voxel, non-invasive information monitors how tissue changes with disease and responds to treatment. The book opens with a detailed exposition of the principles of good practice in quantification, including fundamental concepts, quality assurance, MR data collection and analysis and improved study statistical power through minimised instrumental variation. There follow chapters on 14 specific groups of quantities: proton density, T1, T2, T2*, diffusion, advanced diffusion, magnetisation transfer, CEST, 1H and multi-nuclear spectroscopy, DCE-MRI, quantitative fMRI, arterial spin-labelling and image analysis, and finally a chapter on the future of quantification. The physical principles behind each quantity are stated, followed by its biological significance. Practical techniques for measurement are given, along with pitfalls and examples of clinical applications. This second edition of this indispensable 'how to' manual of quantitative MR shows the MRI physicist and research clinician how to implement these techniques on an MRI scanner to understand more about the biological processes in the patient and physiological changes in healthy controls. Although focussed on the brain, most techniques are applicable to characterising tissue in the whole body. This book is essential reading for anyone who wants to use the gamut of modern quantitative MRI methods to measure the effects of disease, its progression, and its response to treatment. Features: The first edition was awarded the book prize for Radiology by the British Medical Association in 2004 Written by an authority in the field: Professor Tofts has an international reputation for quantification in MRI Gives specific ‘how to’ information for implementation of MRI measurement sequence techniques
Author: Yi Wang
Publisher: CreateSpace
ISBN: 9781479350414
Category : Magnetic resonance imaging
Languages : en
Pages : 318
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Book Description
Principles of Magnetic Resonance Imaging provides a contemporary introduction of the fundamental concepts of MRI and connects these concepts to the latest MRI developments. Graphic illustrations are used to clarify underlying biophysical processes, simplified calculations are derived to add precision in appreciating abstract concepts, and insightful interpretations are presented for biomedical information in MRI signal. This book contains three parts. I. Section the body into voxels, which describes the Fourier encoding matrix for an imaging system, realization of Fourier encoding using the gradient field in magnetic resonance, and k-space sampling. II. What's in a voxel, which examines the effects of the biophysical processes in a voxel on MRI signal. Intuitive biophysical models are developed for MRI signal dependence on Spin fluctuation in thermal microenvironment, which leads to T1/T2 relaxation rates reflecting cellular contents in a water voxel. Micro- and macro physiological motion, which includes diffusion, perfusion, flow and biomechanical motion. Molecular electron response to the B0 field, which leads to magnetic susceptibility and chemical shift. III. How to operate MRI, which describes MRI safety issue, hardware, software, MRI scanning and routine MRI protocols. This book also uses basic concepts to demonstrate and expose students to the latest technological innovations in MRI, including: B1+ B1- mapping, Electric property tomography (EPT), Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST), Contrast agents, Molecular MRI, Spin tagging (SPAMM and DENSE), MR elastography, Parallel imaging including SENSE and GRAPPA, Compressed sensing and Bayesian approach.
Author: Guozhi Dong
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) denotes the task of estimating the values of magnetic and tissue parameters, e.g., relaxation times T1, T2, proton density p and others. Recently in [Ma et al., Nature, 2013], an approach named Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting (MRF) was introduced, being capable of simultaneously recovering these parameters by using a two step procedure: (i) a series of magnetization maps are created and then (ii) these are matched to parameters with the help of a pre-computed dictionary (Bloch manifold). In this paper, we initially put MRF and its variants in the perspective of optimization and inverse problems, providing some mathematical insights into these methods. Motivated by the fact that the Bloch manifold is non-convex, and the accuracy of the MRF type algorithms is limited by the discretization size of the dictionary, we propose here a novel physically oriented method for qMRI. In contrast to the conventional two step models, our model is dictionary-free and it is described by a single nonlinear equation, governed by an operator for which we prove differentiability and other properties. This non-linear equation is efficiently solved via robust Newton type methods. The effectiveness of our method for noisy and undersampled data is shown both analytically and via numerical examples where also improvement over MRF and its variants is observed.
Author: Sudhakar K. Venkatesh
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1493915754
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 143
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Book Description
The first book to cover the groundbreaking development and clinical applications of Magnetic Resonance Elastography, this book is essential for all practitioners interested in this revolutionary diagnostic modality. The book is divided into three sections. The first covers the history of MRE. The second covers technique and clinical applications of MRE in the liver with respect to fibrosis, liver masses, and other diseases. Case descriptions are presented to give the reader a hands-on approach. The final section presents the techniques, sequence and preliminary results of applications in other areas of the body including muscle, brain, lung, heart, and breast.
Author: Marinus T. Vlaardingerbroek
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3662038005
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 499
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Book Description
This comprehensive survey of the analytical treatment of MRI physics and engineering brings the reader to a position to cope with the problems that arise when applying MRI to medical problems or when (sub)systems or sequences for new applications are designed.