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Author: Dr. Hugues Fidele Batsielilit, Ph.D.
Publisher: Dorrance Publishing
ISBN: 1480991171
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 86
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Book Description
False-Positive HIV Test Results By: Dr. Hugues Fidele Batsielilit, Ph.D False-Positive HIV Test Results is written as a result of the findings and experiences of Dr. Hugues Fidele Batsielilit, Ph.D., during the implementation of infectious diseases programs in several African countries. Sadly, he observed there was consistent denial of existing evidence of false-positive HIV test results within African communities, particularly in areas of underprivileged populations living in remote areas. The writing of this book was further prompted by the disregard for the increasing impact false-positive results have on individuals and communities resulting in an overall failure in the confidence Africans have for battling the soaring negative impacts of HIV. The issue of false-positive HIV test results should not be restricted to only perceptive or conceptual fact and advice for conventional harmless procedures. Rather, it must be presented and focused upon as a persistent and challenging negative issue with need for urgent actions along with diverse approaches to mitigate it and the pervasive impact it has on Africans.
Author: Dr. Hugues Fidele Batsielilit, Ph.D.
Publisher: Dorrance Publishing
ISBN: 1480991171
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 86
Get Book Here
Book Description
False-Positive HIV Test Results By: Dr. Hugues Fidele Batsielilit, Ph.D False-Positive HIV Test Results is written as a result of the findings and experiences of Dr. Hugues Fidele Batsielilit, Ph.D., during the implementation of infectious diseases programs in several African countries. Sadly, he observed there was consistent denial of existing evidence of false-positive HIV test results within African communities, particularly in areas of underprivileged populations living in remote areas. The writing of this book was further prompted by the disregard for the increasing impact false-positive results have on individuals and communities resulting in an overall failure in the confidence Africans have for battling the soaring negative impacts of HIV. The issue of false-positive HIV test results should not be restricted to only perceptive or conceptual fact and advice for conventional harmless procedures. Rather, it must be presented and focused upon as a persistent and challenging negative issue with need for urgent actions along with diverse approaches to mitigate it and the pervasive impact it has on Africans.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Blood
Languages : en
Pages : 2
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Book Description
Author: Olusoji Adeyi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 626
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Book Description
Written by many of Nigeria's leading HIV experts, this book explores the dynamics of the country's epidemic, analyzes prevention efforts, identifies crucial gaps, and formulates effective strategies for controlling the epidemic. Complementing the experts' words are the dramatic portraits of people whose lives have been forever transformed by AIDS.
Author: Theodore M. Hammett
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : AIDS (Disease)
Languages : en
Pages : 8
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Book Description
Author: Shailendra K. Saxena
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9535110578
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 484
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Book Description
This book gives a comprehensive overview of HIV and AIDS including NeuroAIDS, as well as general concepts of pathology, immunity and immunopathology, diagnosis, treatment, epidemiology and etiology to current clinical recommendations in management of HIV/AIDS including NeuroAIDS, highlighting the ongoing issues, recent advances and future directions in diagnostic approaches and therapeutic strategies.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 9780309062862
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 426
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Book Description
Thousands of HIV-positive women give birth every year. Further, because many pregnant women are not tested for HIV and therefore do not receive treatment, the number of children born with HIV is still unacceptably high. What can we do to eliminate this tragic and costly inheritance? In response to a congressional request, this book evaluates the extent to which state efforts have been effective in reducing the perinatal transmission of HIV. The committee recommends that testing HIV be a routine part of prenatal care, and that health care providers notify women that HIV testing is part of the usual array of prenatal tests and that they have an opportunity to refuse the HIV test. This approach could help both reduce the number of pediatric AIDS cases and improve treatment for mothers with AIDS. Reducing the Odds will be of special interest to federal, state, and local health policymakers, prenatal care providers, maternal and child health specialists, public health practitioners, and advocates for HIV/AIDS patients. January
Author: Gerald Schochetman
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 146120867X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 422
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Book Description
During the two years since the publication of the first edition of this book, the global spread of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) has continued. HIV was estimated by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1993 to have at least 13 million individuals worldwide, with 1 million infected infected in the United States. HIV/AIDS in the United States has become the leading cause of death among men 25 to 44 years of age and the fifth leading cause of death among women of the same age group. Prevention of HIV infection remains a global challenge. Testing for HIV is the cornerstone for surveillance and prevention programs and for the provision of appropriate medical care for those who are infected. Such testing is equally essential to the search for effective antivirus drugs and vaccines. This second edition of AIDS Testing incorporates the most current thinking on test methodology and interpretation, some of which has changed considerably over the past two years. This edition also has been expanded to include a section consisting of six chapters on test applica tions and a section consisting of four chapters on management issues. This edition, like the first, describes in clear terms all the complex ele ments of testing, including applications, scientific principles, quality assurance, safety, and medical, ethical, and legal considerations.
Author:
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN: 9240039163
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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Book Description
A standardized HIV testing strategy and quality-assured products are critical for accurate diagnosis, while poorly chosen testing algorithms can lead to misdiagnosis. Verification of testing algorithms provides objective evidence, before widespread implementation, that a specific combination of products will accurately diagnose HIV infection, thus reducing the risk of misdiagnosis. The toolkit aims to provide countries with the tools and content needed to effectively conduct a local verification assessment to update national HIV testing algorithms following WHO recommendations on HIV testing strategies. The toolkit consists of (1) a generic assessment protocol that can be adapted and submitted for local ethical clearance; (2) a test selection tool to assist with the selection of WHO prequalified HIV assays based on performance and operational characteristics; (3) a Gantt chart to plan and schedule the different project implementation activities; (4) a general budget required to conduct this assessment; (5) a checklist of test kits, consumables and supplies needed for placing a purchase order and; (6) a database to assist with data analysis.
Author: Lawrence M. Wein
Publisher: Forgotten Books
ISBN: 9780666982766
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 68
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Book Description
Excerpt from Pooled Testing for Hiv Screening: Capturing the Dilution Effect In the first years of the aids epidemic, numerous instances of aids infection caused by blood transfusion were reported to the Center for Disease Control. The incidence indi cated that the blood supply is a virtually frictionless pathway for spreading the epidemic, and the extent of the epidemic dictated that screening at the individual level should be adopted. As a consequence, all infected blood donors would be identified and a measurably safer blood supply would be attained. Nevertheless, the cost for such a screening program is substantial, and many developing countries, particularly in Africa where the epidemic is spreading rapidly, are struggling to fight the disease on limited budgets. Pooled testing is one potential way to reduce the monetary cost without compromising the accuracy of the tests. The rationale behind pooled testing is simple and intuitive: suppose we can pool the sera from ten (for example) individuals and test the pool using a single test. If the seroprevalence of hiv, which is the fraction of the population that is infected, is low enough, then there is a high probability that all ten individuals in the pool are hiv negative; in this case, we would learn from a single test what otherwise would be learned from ten individual tests. If, on the other hand, the test outcome is positive, then additional tests (either pooled or individual) would need to be carried out. However, pooled testing has a possible shortcoming, the dilution efiect: there is a serious concern that if the pool size is too large, then any hiv positive sera will be sufficiently diluted so as to become undetectable by the test. These false negatives can be extremely costly, particularly when pooled testing is employed to protect the blood supply. Moreover, infected individuals exhibiting an unusually low level of antibody concentration are less likely to be detected when screened in pools. Consequently, the sensitivity of the test can be seriously affected. (sensitivity is the probability of detecting a diseased individual, whereas specificity is the probability of detecting a healthy individual.) About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Author: Gerd Gigerenzer
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
ISBN: 1439127093
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 375
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Book Description
At the beginning of the twentieth century, H. G. Wells predicted that statistical thinking would be as necessary for citizenship in a technological world as the ability to read and write. But in the twenty-first century, we are often overwhelmed by a baffling array of percentages and probabilities as we try to navigate in a world dominated by statistics. Cognitive scientist Gerd Gigerenzer says that because we haven't learned statistical thinking, we don't understand risk and uncertainty. In order to assess risk -- everything from the risk of an automobile accident to the certainty or uncertainty of some common medical screening tests -- we need a basic understanding of statistics. Astonishingly, doctors and lawyers don't understand risk any better than anyone else. Gigerenzer reports a study in which doctors were told the results of breast cancer screenings and then were asked to explain the risks of contracting breast cancer to a woman who received a positive result from a screening. The actual risk was small because the test gives many false positives. But nearly every physician in the study overstated the risk. Yet many people will have to make important health decisions based on such information and the interpretation of that information by their doctors. Gigerenzer explains that a major obstacle to our understanding of numbers is that we live with an illusion of certainty. Many of us believe that HIV tests, DNA fingerprinting, and the growing number of genetic tests are absolutely certain. But even DNA evidence can produce spurious matches. We cling to our illusion of certainty because the medical industry, insurance companies, investment advisers, and election campaigns have become purveyors of certainty, marketing it like a commodity. To avoid confusion, says Gigerenzer, we should rely on more understandable representations of risk, such as absolute risks. For example, it is said that a mammography screening reduces the risk of breast cancer by 25 percent. But in absolute risks, that means that out of every 1,000 women who do not participate in screening, 4 will die; while out of 1,000 women who do, 3 will die. A 25 percent risk reduction sounds much more significant than a benefit that 1 out of 1,000 women will reap. This eye-opening book explains how we can overcome our ignorance of numbers and better understand the risks we may be taking with our money, our health, and our lives.
