Experimental Design of a Long-term Study on Landscape Irrigation Using Household Graywater PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Experimental Design of a Long-term Study on Landscape Irrigation Using Household Graywater PDF full book. Access full book title Experimental Design of a Long-term Study on Landscape Irrigation Using Household Graywater by M. C. Criswell. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: M. C. Criswell
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 12
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: M. C. Criswell
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 12
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 82
Get Book Here
Book Description
The objective of this project was to bring together the current state of knowledge on potential long-term impacts of landscape irrigation with household graywater and to identify the data gaps that need to be addressed in future research. The report contains a detailed literature review and synthesis of the current state of the knowledge on graywater reuse for landscape irrigation at the household level. It identifies information gaps for future research on the long-term use of graywater for irrigation of residential landscapes, particularly as it relates to human health, landscape plants, and/or the environment. This was a cooperative project with the Soap and Detergent Association.
Author: Amit Gross
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1482255057
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 299
Get Book Here
Book Description
Greywater Reuse examines the features and implications of greywater reuse scientifically, quantitatively, and thoroughly. Based on the authors' extensive studies of treatment facilities in urban and rural environments, development of greywater treatment systems, and research of potential environmental and health risks posed by greywater at differen
Author: Douglas Kent
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1003857620
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 248
Get Book Here
Book Description
How do we provide for and nurture millions of people without destroying the planet in the process? Author Doug Kent, an environmental specialist, believes a vital element in the solution is recognizing that urban landscapes are an essential partner in everyone’s wellbeing. He argues that urban landscapes can and must work harder. Urban landscapes can provide part of our energy needs, help cool our buildings and public spaces, help us make the most of our precious water. They can also help combat air pollution and reduce the likelihood of allergies and asthma. They can provide landscape materials and even contribute to our timber supply. Doug also advocates turning landscapes into a food source, and/or a perfumery, pharmacy, soap shop, or craft store. Doug has over 12 years of research in this book. He has spent years doing literature reviews, and many more years concocting, consuming, crafting, distilling, propagating, retting, sawing, sowing, and weaving its many recommendations. He has also travelled the length and width of California many times to interview the people and businesses already doing this incredible work. Regenerating Essential Goods and Services is not a manifesto. It is a user’s manual. You are the creative and energetic force that will ultimately drive sustainability and regeneration. Let’s go.
Author: Walter Leal Filho
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319671227
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 477
Get Book Here
Book Description
In this handbook social science researchers who focus on sustainability present and discuss their findings, including empirical work, case studies, teaching and learning innovations, and applied projects. As such, the book offers a basis for the dissemination of information, ideas and experiences acquired in the execution of research projects, especially initiatives which have influenced behavior, decision-making, or policy. Furthermore, it introduces methodological approaches and projects which aim to offer a better understanding of sustainability across society and economic sectors. This multidisciplinary overview presents the work of researchers from across the spectrum of the social sciences. It stimulates innovative thinking on how social sciences influence sustainable development and vice-versa.
Author: William M. Alley
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN: 1538160420
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 249
Get Book Here
Book Description
A 2023 Choice Reviews Outstanding Academic Title Move past the “yuck factor” by learning the benefits and science behind recycling wastewater to beat climate change. In recent years, humans have begun to turn the age-old taboo against mixing sewage and drinking water on its head by using advanced treated wastewater to supplement a city’s drinking water supply. This increasingly widespread practice, known as potable reuse, qualifies as nothing less than a drinking water revolution. Water reuse offers a renewable, locally managed, and drought resistant water supply. The Water Recycling Revolution tracks the story of this development, examines the pros and cons, and explores its future potential. In this book, William M. Alley and Rosemarie Alley answer our most pressing questions: How do you get people to overcome the visceral reaction known as the “Yuck Factor” and not only drink, but appreciate, recycled water? What about all those pharmaceuticals and personal care products that people casually flush down the drain? Will diverting discharges from a wastewater treatment plant damage downstream users or ecosystems that previously depended on that water? And what are the implications for climate change? These questions are answered by delving into the history of major water recycling projects from California to Virginia, each with a unique story of what led them to develop potable reuse, as well as the challenges they had to overcome. Additional concerns addressed include pathogens, contaminants of emerging concern, achieving acceptable risk, onsite and decentralized reuse systems, and directpotable reuse. Recycling wastewater can make for a bright future in the fight against climate change, and this book is a valuable resource to convince readers.
Author: Heather L. Venhaus
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470900091
Category : Architecture
Languages : en
Pages : 262
Get Book Here
Book Description
The full-color, practical guide to designing sustainable residential landscapes and small-scale sites "Going green" is no longer a choice; it's a necessity. Developed landscapes have played a significant role in exacerbating the environmental and social problems that threaten humanity; however, they can also be part of the solution. Designing the Sustainable Site: Integrated Design Strategies for Small-Scale Sites and Residential Landscapes gives site designers and landscape architects the tools and information they need to become a driving force in the quest for sustainability. Advocating a regenerative design approach in which built landscapes sustain and restore vital ecological functions, this book guides readers through a design process for new and redeveloped sites that not only minimizes damage to the environment but also actively helps to repair it. Designing the Sustainable Site: Assists designers in identifying and incorporating sustainable practices that have the greatest positive impact on both the project and the surrounding community, within a regional context Uses photographs, sketches, and case studies to provide a comprehensive look at successful green landscape design Illustrates how sustainable practices are relevant and applicable to projects of any size or budget Demonstrates how built environments can protect and restore ecosystem services Explains the multiple and far-reaching benefits that sustainable design solutions can provide Assists project teams in fulfilling credit requirements of green building assessment tools, such as LEED, BREEAM, or SITES With attention to six global environmental challenges—including air pollution, urban flooding and water pollution, water shortages, invasive species, and loss of biodiversity—along with guidance on how to meet these challenges, Designing the Sustainable Site is a practical design manual for sustainable alternatives to small-scale site and residential landscape design.
Author: Lana Mahmoud
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Graywater (Domestic wastewater)
Languages : en
Pages : 250
Get Book Here
Book Description
Abstract: Fresh water scarcity continues to present itself as an underlying global problem as we steadily approach 2025 (UN 2006). Egypt is no exception to the rule, facing several water pollution problems extending from all sectors in the country and negatively affecting water quality and public health. According to the Ministry of Water resources and irrigation (1997), the average water uses in the Egyptian household comprises 18% for shower and bath, 18% for toilet flushing, 8% for laundry, 14% for dishwashing and drinking, 10% for cooking, 30% for irrigation and 2% for other activities which makes onsite treatment and reuse of greywater an attractive option to bridge the gap between water demand and supply in Egypt and help build biophilia settlements that are ecological and sustainable. The main research aim of this work was to study the potential of water hyacinth for removal of organic pollutants and pathogens from residential greywater using aquatic filtration pilot scale system in order to yield water suitable for irrigation of residential lawns. The different experiments of the current work were conducted in five phases at the facilities of the American University in Cairo (AUC). In Phase I, synthetic greywater was formulated in the lab to run the different experiments of the study by mixing tab water with different chemicals that simulate the different contaminants commonly present in greywater and it was observed that the water quality parameters of the synthetic greywater stimulated in the current study were within the range of the values of water quality parameters reported in literature for light and heavy greywater. In phase II, water hyacinth, papyrus reed and common reed were used to investigate the effectiveness of treating synthetic greywater compared to a control (no plant condition). It was found that over the period of 19 days, water hyacinth was able to remove a total mass of 83 mg TDS (45% higher than the control sample), 0.5 mg PO4- (60% higher than the control sample), 53 mg COD (5.7% higher than the control sample) and 572 mg FC (44% higher than the control sample) and was able to achieve the lowest greywater normalized evaporation rate with a total of 0.114 liter of water per kg of plant wet mass per day (l/kg.d). Common reed was found most effective in treating organic and suspended pollutants, compared to water hyacinth and papyrus reed. However, the planting cost, removal operation and overall management is considered favorable to water hyacinth over the other two plant species. In phase III, the effect of different hydraulic loading rates on the treatment performance of synthetic greywater was investigated using similar wet densities of water hyacinth. it was observed that 20 days of experiment, water hyacinth in Reactor 5 (HLR = 0.29 m3/m2/d) was able to reduce the turbidity, TSS, COD and BOD5 of greywater from 176 NTU to 14 NTU+7 NTU, 294 mg/l to 20 mg/l+13.5 mg/l, 176 mg/l to 16 mg/l+12 mg/l and 102 mg/l to 7 mg/l+6 mg/l (on average basis), respectively. It was also observed that the operation of the treatment system at HLR of 0.29 m3/m2/d results in an effluent organic quality (BOD5 and COD) that complies with the limits reported in the Egyptian Code of Practice for Reuse in Irrigation; Category A (501-2015). Reactor 5 (HLR = 0.29 m3/m2/d) was also able to withstand hydraulic shock loading with a turbidity removal rate of 68.4%, TSS removal rate of 54.1%, COD removal rate of 39.8% for the first four hours and a removal efficiency of 86.8%, 63.9% and 80.6%, respectively for the next twenty hours. In phase IV, the effect of different wet densities of water hyacinth on the treatment of synthetic greywater was investigated using similar hydraulic loading rates. It was observed from the experiment that lasted 20 days that water hyacinth in Reactor 5 (Wet density = 4.345 kg/m2) was able to reduce the turbidity, TSS, COD and BOD5 of greywater from 28 NTU to 7 NTU+3.3, 20 mg/l to 4 mg/l+1.7 mg/l, 54 mg/l to 16 mg/l+4.1 mg/l and 37 mg/l to 10 mg/l+2.8 mg/l (on average basis), respectively. Water hyacinth in Reactor 4 (Wet density = 2.173 kg/m2) was also able to reduce the turbidity and TSS of greywater from an average of 28 NTU to 10 NTU+3.7 and from 20 mg/l to 5.5 mg/l+2.9 mg/l, respectively. In phase V, the performance of the aquatic filtration system in treating real greywater when using the optimum operating conditions obtained from Phase III and Phase IV was investigated. The greywater treatment system which operated for a period of 29 days at HLR (0.29 m3/m2/d) and highest wet plant density (2.173 kg/m2) was able to reduce the turbidity, TSS, COD and BOD5 of greywater from 82 NTU to 54 NTU+20 NTU, 52 mg/l to 34 mg/l+24 mg/l, 366 mg/l to 217 mg/l+71 mg/l and 222 mg/l to 129 mg/l+43 mg/l (on average basis), respectively. The validation of this synthetic effluent by comparison with real greywater demonstrates that the designed and constructed aquatic filtration system using water hyacinth is a promising, low-cost, low-tech greywater treatment system that can be run and maintained by unskilled operators. However, the improvement in treatment in the Water Hyacinth based system is of particular significance considering the strict effluent quality standards recently imposed by the Egyptian Code for Landscape Irrigation. Hence, future research (including scale economic studies) should be carried out to investigate the use of greywater at the community level with the optimization of different techniques that could further enhance the greywater effluent quality to the permissible level of 1st group (i.e. advanced treated water) as unrestricted water reuse in landscape irrigation according to the ‘‘Egyptian Guideline’’.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309388384
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 224
Get Book Here
Book Description
Chronic and episodic water shortages are becoming common in many regions of the United States, and population growth in water-scarce regions further compounds the challenges. Increasingly, alternative water sources such as graywater-untreated wastewater that does not include water from the toilet but generally includes water from bathroom sinks, showers, bathtubs, clothes washers, and laundry sinks- and stormwater-water from rainfall or snow that can be measured downstream in a pipe, culvert, or stream shortly after the precipitation event-are being viewed as resources to supplement scarce water supplies rather than as waste to be discharged as rapidly as possible. Graywater and stormwater can serve a range of non-potable uses, including irrigation, toilet flushing, washing, and cooling, although treatment may be needed. Stormwater may also be used to recharge groundwater, which may ultimately be tapped for potable use. In addition to providing additional sources of local water supply, harvesting stormwater has many potential benefits, including energy savings, pollution prevention, and reducing the impacts of urban development on urban streams. Similarly, the reuse of graywater can enhance water supply reliability and extend the capacity of existing wastewater systems in growing cities. Despite the benefits of using local alternative water sources to address water demands, many questions remain that have limited the broader application of graywater and stormwater capture and use. In particular, limited information is available on the costs, benefits, and risks of these projects, and beyond the simplest applications many state and local public health agencies have not developed regulatory frameworks for full use of these local water resources. To address these issues, Using Graywater and Stormwater to Enhance Local Water Supplies analyzes the risks, costs, and benefits on various uses of graywater and stormwater. This report examines technical, economic, regulatory, and social issues associated with graywater and stormwater capture for a range of uses, including non-potable urban uses, irrigation, and groundwater recharge. Using Graywater and Stormwater to Enhance Local Water Supplies considers the quality and suitability of water for reuse, treatment and storage technologies, and human health and environmental risks of water reuse. The findings and recommendations of this report will be valuable for water managers, citizens of states under a current drought, and local and state health and environmental agencies.
Author: Valentina Lazarova
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780203499405
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 440
Get Book Here
Book Description
This compilation provides guidelines that facilitate the successful planning and operation of water reuse projects. Offering the information, analysis and proven experience for agricultural and landscape irrigation, it bridges the gap between fundamental science and relatively uncharted areas of economic, institutional and liability issues. It delivers a synthesis of information recently emerging in both science and in the practice of irrigation with reclaimed water. The book compiles guidelines, recommendations and codes of best practices from around the world for all types of recycled water uses, and it examines recent concerns about adverse effects on plants, groundwater and public health.
