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Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309163358
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 151
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Book Description
An ideal health care system relies on efficiently generating timely, accurate evidence to deliver on its promise of diminishing the divide between clinical practice and research. There are growing indications, however, that the current health care system and the clinical research that guides medical decisions in the United States falls far short of this vision. The process of generating medical evidence through clinical trials in the United States is expensive and lengthy, includes a number of regulatory hurdles, and is based on a limited infrastructure. The link between clinical research and medical progress is also frequently misunderstood or unsupported by both patients and providers. The focus of clinical research changes as diseases emerge and new treatments create cures for old conditions. As diseases evolve, the ultimate goal remains to speed new and improved medical treatments to patients throughout the world. To keep pace with rapidly changing health care demands, clinical research resources need to be organized and on hand to address the numerous health care questions that continually emerge. Improving the overall capacity of the clinical research enterprise will depend on ensuring that there is an adequate infrastructure in place to support the investigators who conduct research, the patients with real diseases who volunteer to participate in experimental research, and the institutions that organize and carry out the trials. To address these issues and better understand the current state of clinical research in the United States, the Institute of Medicine's (IOM) Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation held a 2-day workshop entitled Transforming Clinical Research in the United States. The workshop, summarized in this volume, laid the foundation for a broader initiative of the Forum addressing different aspects of clinical research. Future Forum plans include further examining regulatory, administrative, and structural barriers to the effective conduct of clinical research; developing a vision for a stable, continuously funded clinical research infrastructure in the United States; and considering strategies and collaborative activities to facilitate more robust public engagement in the clinical research enterprise.
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309163358
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 151
Get Book Here
Book Description
An ideal health care system relies on efficiently generating timely, accurate evidence to deliver on its promise of diminishing the divide between clinical practice and research. There are growing indications, however, that the current health care system and the clinical research that guides medical decisions in the United States falls far short of this vision. The process of generating medical evidence through clinical trials in the United States is expensive and lengthy, includes a number of regulatory hurdles, and is based on a limited infrastructure. The link between clinical research and medical progress is also frequently misunderstood or unsupported by both patients and providers. The focus of clinical research changes as diseases emerge and new treatments create cures for old conditions. As diseases evolve, the ultimate goal remains to speed new and improved medical treatments to patients throughout the world. To keep pace with rapidly changing health care demands, clinical research resources need to be organized and on hand to address the numerous health care questions that continually emerge. Improving the overall capacity of the clinical research enterprise will depend on ensuring that there is an adequate infrastructure in place to support the investigators who conduct research, the patients with real diseases who volunteer to participate in experimental research, and the institutions that organize and carry out the trials. To address these issues and better understand the current state of clinical research in the United States, the Institute of Medicine's (IOM) Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation held a 2-day workshop entitled Transforming Clinical Research in the United States. The workshop, summarized in this volume, laid the foundation for a broader initiative of the Forum addressing different aspects of clinical research. Future Forum plans include further examining regulatory, administrative, and structural barriers to the effective conduct of clinical research; developing a vision for a stable, continuously funded clinical research infrastructure in the United States; and considering strategies and collaborative activities to facilitate more robust public engagement in the clinical research enterprise.
Author: Trevor M. Penning
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1617379956
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 447
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Book Description
This volume will provide a contemporary account of advances in chemical carcinogenesis. It will promote the view that it is chemical alteration of the DNA that is a route cause of many cancers. The multi-stage model of chemical carcinogenesis, exposure to major classes of human carcinogens and their mode-of-action will be a focal point. The balance between metabolic activation to form biological reactive intermediates and their detoxification, ensuing DNA-lesions and their repair will be profiled. It will describe the chemical changes that occur in DNA that result from endogenous insults including epigenetic changes that lead to gene silencing. It will describe major mechanisms of mutagenesis, affects on tumor suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes, and how cell-cycle check points can be by-passed by the "stealth-like" properties of chemical carcinogens. Environmental agents that can promote tumor formation will be discussed. The monograph will have wide appeal as a knowledge base for graduate students, post-doctoral fellows and faculty interested in this aspect of cancer causation and research.
Author: M.W. Büchler
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540274499
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 284
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Book Description
Rectal cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers world-wide. It is also a paradigm for multimodal management, as the combination of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy is often necessary to achieve the optimal outcome. Recently, international experts met in Heidelberg, Germany to discuss the latest developments in the management of rectal cancer, including the anatomic and pathologic basis, staging tools, surgical concepts including fast-track surgery and laparoscopic resection, functional outcome after surgery and the role of radio- and chemotherapy. This monograph summarizes this meeting and gives an extensive overview of the current concepts in management of rectal cancer.
Author: Anne Le
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 331977736X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 186
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Book Description
Genetic alterations in cancer, in addition to being the fundamental drivers of tumorigenesis, can give rise to a variety of metabolic adaptations that allow cancer cells to survive and proliferate in diverse tumor microenvironments. This metabolic flexibility is different from normal cellular metabolic processes and leads to heterogeneity in cancer metabolism within the same cancer type or even within the same tumor. In this book, we delve into the complexity and diversity of cancer metabolism, and highlight how understanding the heterogeneity of cancer metabolism is fundamental to the development of effective metabolism-based therapeutic strategies. Deciphering how cancer cells utilize various nutrient resources will enable clinicians and researchers to pair specific chemotherapeutic agents with patients who are most likely to respond with positive outcomes, allowing for more cost-effective and personalized cancer therapeutic strategies.
Author: Yoshiharu Sakai
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 4431557113
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 243
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Book Description
This book provides simplified principles of surgical anatomy for colorectal cancers with sophisticated drawings, standard laparoscopic procedures with striking photographs and illustrations, and advanced procedures such as lateral pelvic node dissection and “down to top” or “reverse” total mesorectal excision. Oncological safety as well as minimum invasiveness of laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer has been acknowledged worldwide, based on long-term outcomes of several randomized controlled trials comparing laparoscopic surgery and open surgery. Developments in optical devices have provided us with a magnified clear vision of fine anatomical structures, facilitating our understanding of surgical anatomy and surgical procedures have been refined and improved accordingly. All these topics are presented in this book—valuable for surgical residents and experts eager to learn more about laparoscopic colorectal surgery—and readers will be enlightened by a new paradigm for “lap-enhanced surgical anatomy”. Therefore this volume will greatly benefit not only colorectal surgeons but also general surgeons as well as gastroenterologists and oncologists.
Author: United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Government publications
Languages : en
Pages : 728
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Book Description
This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Colon (Anatomy)
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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Book Description
Author: Herman Autrup
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0429558813
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 444
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Book Description
First Published in 1983, Experimental Colon Carcinogenesis is a helpful guide through the development of cancer cells and the circumstances in which they develop. This book works best as a reference to all factors that must be considered with colorectal cancer and is useful for students of medicine or practitioners in their respective fields.
Author: Paul H. Sugarbaker
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461312477
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 434
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Book Description
Paul Sugarbaker and his colleagues have persevered in the study and treat ment of peritoneal carcinomatosis. The peritoneal cavity has many unique and incompletely appreciated properties. These properties, coupled with the biologic behavior of many cancers, results in the seeding and growth of these cancers on the peritoneum. Many of these cancers remain localized to the peritoneum only, never metastasizing to other sites. One possible reason for this may be the obstruction of the afferent lymphatics on the undersurface of the diaphragm. The mucopolysaccharides produced by many of these neoplasma are probably viscous enough to obstruct these lymphatics, leading to the syndrome of pseudomyxoma peritonei. Many of the neoplasms taking residence on the peritoneum have extremely long cell-cycle times and are resistant to radiotherapy and many chemotherapeutic agents. How ever, much can be done for these patients - resection of primary cancers, omentectomies to reduce ascites formation, management of recurrent ascites, management of intestinal obstruction, nutritional care, and, hopefully, intraperitoneal chemotherapy. We have reviewed many of these problems in the past [1-7]. Dr. Sugarbaker and his colleagues have organized the current state of knowledge and technology for continuing use. The book provides a basis for thoughtful, prospective research planning. John S. Spratt, M. D. , F. A. C. S. Professor of Surgery The James Graham Brown Cancer Center University of Louisville Louisville, Kentucky References 1. Long RTL, Spratt JS, Dowling E.
Author: Dr Christopher J Maloney N D
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781530478132
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 66
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Book Description
Do you or a loved one have a diagnosis of colon cancer? Did you know that changing your diet could lower your risk of dying of it even after you've been diagnosed? When you finish this book I want you to be able to tell me, in one minute or less, how you should eat, exercise, and supplement to lower your risk of dying of colon cancer after you've been diagnosed with it. If you can do that, please tell me and everyone else in a book review and on my website. When I was diagnosed with colon cancer I went looking for information on what I could do and no one had the answers I wanted. I found the best answers available in the medical literature. It helps that I trained as a Naturopathic Doctor before my diagnosis. I know a fair amount about both natural and conventional alternatives. And I can read medicalese so you don't have to. It's terrible to be where we are. But we have choices, and this book is my way of giving us direction and hope.
