Exercise training and testing in patients with heart failure

Exercise training and testing in patients with heart failure PDF Author: Charlotta Lans
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
ISBN: 9179297420
Category : Electronic books
Languages : en
Pages : 63

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Book Description
Patients with heart failure (HF) suffer from symptoms such as dyspnea, fatigue and reduced quality of life, which affect their physical function and often lead to immobilization and poor survival prognosis. Exercise training in cardiac rehabilitation should be offered to every patient with HF and can be performed both in a hospital-setting and with a home training programme. Exercise, in patients with HF, improves physical function and functional capacity as well as health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and reduces the need for hospital care. There are several barriers against participating in exercise based cardiac rehabilitation despite information about its benefits. The patient may anticipate not being able to exercise, that the exercise would be too hard, lives far away or has not been referred. Aim: The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the effects of exercise in heart failure patients, of a one-year training programme, with hospital-based training followed by a home-based setting or only home-based, with special emphasis on peripheral muscle training (PMT). Furthermore, to study frequently used methods for evaluation of the effects, i.e the 6-minute walk test and instruments for estimating health-related quality of life. Methods and findings: In study I, PMT was evaluated and the PMT programme in a hospital-setting (with equipment) and subsequent homebased training (with elastic bands) was compared with solely home-based training, over 1 year. At follow-up every third month, duplicated six minute walk test (6MWT) and two HRQoL questionnaires were used. The walking distance increased significantly after three months in both groups and was maintained thereafter. Also HRQoL increased but at different time points. In study II, PMT was compared with interval training on an ergometer bike/free walking. Both groups started under supervision of a physiotherapist in a hospital-setting, for three months and thereafter at home for nine months. The same measurements were used as in study I. Neither walking distance nor HRQoL changed over the study period. However, this may be regarded as a positive effect in the light of the known progressive nature of heart failure. In study III, the 6MWTs from study I and II were used to evaluate the necessity of performing duplicated 6MWTs in follow-ups clinically and for research purposes. We found that it is sufficient to perform one 6MWT. In study IV, both 6MWT and HRQoL forms from study I and II were used to investigate the relationship between walking distance and perceived HRQoL in HF patients. Patients with shorter walking distance, than the group median, experienced poorer general HRQoL but not HRQoL related to HF, than the higher performing half of the study group. There were no longitudinal trends in these relationships. Conclusion: PMT can be used as an exercise modality in patients with HF, both in hospital and at home, and may be evaluated with a single 6MWT. Shorter walking distance was related to a lower general HRQoL as judged by the patients but there was no significant relation between short walking distance and the HF-related HRQoL. Individualizing the training programme and methods, and offering the choice of exercise modality and the possibility of exercising at home, might be a way to increase adherence in cardiac rehabilitation. Patienter med hjärtsvikt besväras av andfåddhet och trötthet vilket påverkar deras fysiska funktion och ofta leder till immobilisering, nedsatt livskvalitet och dålig prognos. Träning inom hjärtrehabilitering bör erbjudas alla patienter med hjärtsvikt och kan utföras såväl på sjukhus som hemma med hemträningsprogram. Träning vid hjärtsvikt förbättrar fysisk funktion och funktionell kapacitet, hälsorelaterad livskvalitet, och minskar behovet av vård på sjukhus. Det finns många barriärer till att delta i hjärtrehabilitering trots information om vinster, t ex att patienten tror sig inte klara av att träna, bor långt ifrån, har inte fått remiss för att nämna några. Syfte: Syftet med avhandlingen var att utvärdera effekterna av ett träningsprogram för patienter med hjärtsvikt under 1 år, träning på sjukhus följt av hemträning eller enbart hemträning. Ett specifikt syfte var att utvärdera perifer muskelträning (PMT) som en möjlig, lämplig träningsmetod för hjärtsviktspatienter. Vidare var syftet att utvärdera effekten av sex minuters gångtest och hälsorelaterad livskvalitet. Metod och resultat: I studie I utvärderades PMT och jämförde träning på sjukhus (med redskap) med efterföljande hemträning (med elastiska band) med enbart hemträning under 1 år. Vid utvärdering var tredje månad användes dubbla sex minuters gångtest och frågeformulär om livskvalitet. Gångsträckan ökade signifikant efter träning och höll i sig hela träningsperioden i båda grupperna. Även livskvaliteten ökade men vid olika tidpunkter. I studie II, jämfördes PMT med intervallträning på ergometercykel/promenader. Båda grupperna tränade under ledning av fysioterapeut i tre månader och därefter hemma upp till 1 år. Samma utvärdering som i studie I. Gångsträcka och livskvaliteten ändrade sig inte under studietiden. Det kan dock ses som en positiv effekt eftersom hjärtsviktspatienter vanligen försämras över tid. I studie III, användes gångtesten från studie I och II för att utvärdera om det är nödvändighet att utföra dubbla sex minuters gångtest vid utvärdering. Ingen kliniskt betydelsefull skillnad sågs mellan gångtest ett och två. I studie IV, användes både gångtest och livskvalitetsformulär, från studie I och II, för att undersöka samband mellan gångsträcka och upplevd livskvalitet och om detta samband ändrades med tiden. Patienter med kortare gångsträcka upplevde sämre allmän hälsorelaterad livskvalitet men inte livskvalitet relaterad till hjärtsvikten, någon kliniskt signifikant förändring över tid kunde inte påvisas. Konklusion: Perifer muskelträning kan användas som en säker träningsform för patienter med hjärtsvikt, både på sjukhus och som hemträning och kan utvärderas med endast ett sex minuters gångtest. Patienter med kortare gångsträcka upplever sämre allmän livskvalitet vilket förefaller relativt oberoende av de olika testtidpunkterna.

Exercise training and testing in patients with heart failure

Exercise training and testing in patients with heart failure PDF Author: Charlotta Lans
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
ISBN: 9179297420
Category : Electronic books
Languages : en
Pages : 63

Get Book Here

Book Description
Patients with heart failure (HF) suffer from symptoms such as dyspnea, fatigue and reduced quality of life, which affect their physical function and often lead to immobilization and poor survival prognosis. Exercise training in cardiac rehabilitation should be offered to every patient with HF and can be performed both in a hospital-setting and with a home training programme. Exercise, in patients with HF, improves physical function and functional capacity as well as health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and reduces the need for hospital care. There are several barriers against participating in exercise based cardiac rehabilitation despite information about its benefits. The patient may anticipate not being able to exercise, that the exercise would be too hard, lives far away or has not been referred. Aim: The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the effects of exercise in heart failure patients, of a one-year training programme, with hospital-based training followed by a home-based setting or only home-based, with special emphasis on peripheral muscle training (PMT). Furthermore, to study frequently used methods for evaluation of the effects, i.e the 6-minute walk test and instruments for estimating health-related quality of life. Methods and findings: In study I, PMT was evaluated and the PMT programme in a hospital-setting (with equipment) and subsequent homebased training (with elastic bands) was compared with solely home-based training, over 1 year. At follow-up every third month, duplicated six minute walk test (6MWT) and two HRQoL questionnaires were used. The walking distance increased significantly after three months in both groups and was maintained thereafter. Also HRQoL increased but at different time points. In study II, PMT was compared with interval training on an ergometer bike/free walking. Both groups started under supervision of a physiotherapist in a hospital-setting, for three months and thereafter at home for nine months. The same measurements were used as in study I. Neither walking distance nor HRQoL changed over the study period. However, this may be regarded as a positive effect in the light of the known progressive nature of heart failure. In study III, the 6MWTs from study I and II were used to evaluate the necessity of performing duplicated 6MWTs in follow-ups clinically and for research purposes. We found that it is sufficient to perform one 6MWT. In study IV, both 6MWT and HRQoL forms from study I and II were used to investigate the relationship between walking distance and perceived HRQoL in HF patients. Patients with shorter walking distance, than the group median, experienced poorer general HRQoL but not HRQoL related to HF, than the higher performing half of the study group. There were no longitudinal trends in these relationships. Conclusion: PMT can be used as an exercise modality in patients with HF, both in hospital and at home, and may be evaluated with a single 6MWT. Shorter walking distance was related to a lower general HRQoL as judged by the patients but there was no significant relation between short walking distance and the HF-related HRQoL. Individualizing the training programme and methods, and offering the choice of exercise modality and the possibility of exercising at home, might be a way to increase adherence in cardiac rehabilitation. Patienter med hjärtsvikt besväras av andfåddhet och trötthet vilket påverkar deras fysiska funktion och ofta leder till immobilisering, nedsatt livskvalitet och dålig prognos. Träning inom hjärtrehabilitering bör erbjudas alla patienter med hjärtsvikt och kan utföras såväl på sjukhus som hemma med hemträningsprogram. Träning vid hjärtsvikt förbättrar fysisk funktion och funktionell kapacitet, hälsorelaterad livskvalitet, och minskar behovet av vård på sjukhus. Det finns många barriärer till att delta i hjärtrehabilitering trots information om vinster, t ex att patienten tror sig inte klara av att träna, bor långt ifrån, har inte fått remiss för att nämna några. Syfte: Syftet med avhandlingen var att utvärdera effekterna av ett träningsprogram för patienter med hjärtsvikt under 1 år, träning på sjukhus följt av hemträning eller enbart hemträning. Ett specifikt syfte var att utvärdera perifer muskelträning (PMT) som en möjlig, lämplig träningsmetod för hjärtsviktspatienter. Vidare var syftet att utvärdera effekten av sex minuters gångtest och hälsorelaterad livskvalitet. Metod och resultat: I studie I utvärderades PMT och jämförde träning på sjukhus (med redskap) med efterföljande hemträning (med elastiska band) med enbart hemträning under 1 år. Vid utvärdering var tredje månad användes dubbla sex minuters gångtest och frågeformulär om livskvalitet. Gångsträckan ökade signifikant efter träning och höll i sig hela träningsperioden i båda grupperna. Även livskvaliteten ökade men vid olika tidpunkter. I studie II, jämfördes PMT med intervallträning på ergometercykel/promenader. Båda grupperna tränade under ledning av fysioterapeut i tre månader och därefter hemma upp till 1 år. Samma utvärdering som i studie I. Gångsträcka och livskvaliteten ändrade sig inte under studietiden. Det kan dock ses som en positiv effekt eftersom hjärtsviktspatienter vanligen försämras över tid. I studie III, användes gångtesten från studie I och II för att utvärdera om det är nödvändighet att utföra dubbla sex minuters gångtest vid utvärdering. Ingen kliniskt betydelsefull skillnad sågs mellan gångtest ett och två. I studie IV, användes både gångtest och livskvalitetsformulär, från studie I och II, för att undersöka samband mellan gångsträcka och upplevd livskvalitet och om detta samband ändrades med tiden. Patienter med kortare gångsträcka upplevde sämre allmän hälsorelaterad livskvalitet men inte livskvalitet relaterad till hjärtsvikten, någon kliniskt signifikant förändring över tid kunde inte påvisas. Konklusion: Perifer muskelträning kan användas som en säker träningsform för patienter med hjärtsvikt, både på sjukhus och som hemträning och kan utvärderas med endast ett sex minuters gångtest. Patienter med kortare gångsträcka upplever sämre allmän livskvalitet vilket förefaller relativt oberoende av de olika testtidpunkterna.

Adult Congenital Heart Disease

Adult Congenital Heart Disease PDF Author: Michael A. Gatzoulis
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 140514453X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 288

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Book Description
Congenital heart disease with its worldwide incidence of 1% is themost common inborn defect. Increasingly, patients are living intoadulthood, with ongoing congenital heart and other medical needs.Sadly, only a small minority have specialist follow-up. However,all patients see their family doctor and may also seek advice fromother health professionals. This practical guide with its straightforward a,b,c approach iswritten for those professionals. Special features of this book: • Introduces the principles of congenital heart diseaseand tells you whom and when to refer for specialist care • Discusses common congenital heart lesions in a practical,easy-to-follow way, with an emphasis on diagnosis and managementissues • Includes an extensive chapter on 'Pregnancy andContraception' (by Philip J. Steer), essential both for familyplanning and for managing safely the pregnant woman with congenitalheart disease • Includes chapters on non-cardiac surgery and lifestyleissues such as work, insurability, travel and driving • Provides invaluable information on dealing with commonemergencies; what to do and what not to do With a wealth of illustrations (including diagrams, EKGs, CXRs,Echos and cardiac MRIs) and with key point tables, this is anessential guide for all health care professionals managing patientswith adult congenital heart disease.

The Statistical Analysis of Failure Time Data

The Statistical Analysis of Failure Time Data PDF Author: John D. Kalbfleisch
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118031237
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 462

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Book Description
Contains additional discussion and examples on left truncationas well as material on more general censoring and truncationpatterns. Introduces the martingale and counting process formulation swillbe in a new chapter. Develops multivariate failure time data in a separate chapterand extends the material on Markov and semi Markovformulations. Presents new examples and applications of data analysis.

Regulation of Coronary Blood Flow

Regulation of Coronary Blood Flow PDF Author: Michitoshi Inoue
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 4431683674
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 330

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Book Description
Research centering on blood flow in the heart continues to hold an important position, especially since a better understanding of the subject may help reduce the incidence of coronary arterial disease and heart attacks. This book summarizes recent advances in the field; it is the product of fruitful cooperation among international scientists who met in Japan in May, 1990 to discuss the regulation of coronary blood flow.

Exercise and the Heart

Exercise and the Heart PDF Author: Victor F. Froelicher
Publisher: Saunders
ISBN: 9780721684505
Category : Exercise tests
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
Here's authoritative, step-by-step guidance on performing a full range of cardiac exercise tests. The New Edition of this respected resource has been thoroughly revised and updated to reflect the most current techniques and latest clinical data. Provides comprehensive coverage of cardiopulmonary physiology and methodology, nuclear testing, and echocardiography helps readers avoid complications by detailing the most dangerous testing circumstances and citing instances when cool down walks, pre-test physical exams or echocardiograms are advisable Discusses the proper ways to adjust treadmill protocols, calculate target heart rates, position the patient post-exercise, report exercise capacity and include predicative equations as part of the treadmill report Provides tabular summaries of major studies, accompanied by expert commentary Follows the new evidence-based ACC/AHA guideline format, class I, II, or III Reflects the latest guidelines on exercise testing from the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research Practice Guidelines on Cardiac Rehabilitation, the Surgeon Generals Report on Physical Activity and Health, the new editions of the AACVPR, and the ASCM Guidelines on Exercise Testing and Prescription

ABC of Clinical Electrocardiography

ABC of Clinical Electrocardiography PDF Author: Francis Morris
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1444312499
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 112

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Book Description
Electrocardiography is an essential tool in diagnosing cardiacdisorders. This second edition of the ABC of ClinicalElectrocardiography allows readers to become familiar with the widerange of patterns seen in the electrocardiogram in clinicalpractice and covers the fundamentals of ECG interpretation andanalysis. Fully revised and updated, this edition includes a self-assessmentsection to aid revision and check comprehension, clear anatomicaldiagrams to illustrate key points and a larger format to show12-lead ECGs clearly and without truncation. Edited and written by leading experts, the ABC of ClinicalElectrocardiography is a valuable text for anyone managing patientswith heart disorders, both in general practice and in hospitals.Junior doctors and nurses, especially those working in cardiologyand emergency departments, as well as medical students, will findthis a vaulable introduction to the understanding of this keyclinical tool.

Adult Congenital Heart Disease in Clinical Practice

Adult Congenital Heart Disease in Clinical Practice PDF Author: Doreen DeFaria Yeh
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 331967420X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 565

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Book Description
​There is an evident practice gap in education of general adult cardiologists on long-term management of congenital heart disease (CHD). The goal of this book is to help general cardiologists, but also pediatricians and related care providers in the management and diagnosis of adult CHD. Adult Congenital Heart Disease in Clinical Practice provides clear, practical advice on adult CHD for the busy fellow, resident and practicing clinician. It includes training and revision material to assist learning and is formatted in such a way as to provide short, concise content designed for easy recall of salient facts.

Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 5)

Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 5) PDF Author: Dorairaj Prabhakaran
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464805202
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 948

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Book Description
Cardiovascular, respiratory, and related conditions cause more than 40 percent of all deaths globally, and their substantial burden is rising, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Their burden extends well beyond health effects to include significant economic and societal consequences. Most of these conditions are related, share risk factors, and have common control measures at the clinical, population, and policy levels. Lives can be extended and improved when these diseases are prevented, detected, and managed. This volume summarizes current knowledge and presents evidence-based interventions that are effective, cost-effective, and scalable in LMICs.

ACSM's Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription

ACSM's Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription PDF Author: American College of Sports Medicine
Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
ISBN: 1609136055
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 480

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Book Description
The flagship title of the certification suite from the American College of Sports Medicine, ACSM's Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription is a handbook that delivers scientifically based standards on exercise testing and prescription to the certification candidate, the professional, and the student. The 9th edition focuses on evidence-based recommendations that reflect the latest research and clinical information. This manual is an essential resource for any health/fitness and clinical exercise professional, physician, nurse, physician assistant, physical and occupational therapist, dietician, and health care administrator. This manual give succinct summaries of recommended procedures for exercise testing and exercise prescription in healthy and diseased patients.

Introduction to Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing

Introduction to Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing PDF Author: Andrew M. Luks
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461462835
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 150

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Book Description
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing is an important diagnostic test in pulmonary medicine and cardiology. Capable of providing significantly more information about an individual’s exercise capacity than standard exercise treadmill or 6-minute walk tests, the test is used for a variety of purposes including evaluating patients with unexplained exercise limitation or dyspnea on exertion, monitoring disease progression or response to treatment, determining fitness to undergo various surgical procedures and monitoring the effects of training in highly fit athletes. Introduction to Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing is a unique new text that is ideal for trainees. It is presented in a clear, concise and easy-to-follow manner and is capable of being read in a much shorter time than the available texts on this topic. Chapters describe the basic physiologic responses observed during sustained exercise and explain how to perform and interpret these studies. The utility of the resource is further enhanced by several sections of actual patient cases, which provide opportunities to begin developing test interpretation skills. Given the widespread use of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in clinical practice, trainees in pulmonary and critical care medicine, cardiology, sports medicine, exercise physiology, and occasionally internal medicine, will find Introduction to Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing to be an essential and one of a kind reference.