Author: Amanda Inez Banet
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Desert topminnows
Languages : en
Pages : 121
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Book Description
Placental matrotrophy has evolved independently in many lineages, which is indicative of strong selection. Several ad-hoc hypotheses and one mathematical model have been proposed to explain its evolution, but little experimental data exists to support these claims. Recent studies have attempted to find correlates between placental matrotrophy and other life history traits, but the only common correlate found was a reduction in reproductive allocation (RA). Here I report on three studies. The first two focus on the Trexler-DeAngelis model for the evolution of matrotrophy. In chapter one, I use closely related placental and non-placental species from the northern clade of Poeciliopsis to test an assumption imperative to the model, that placental species abort a subset of developing offspring in low food conditions. The results show no evidence of abortion due to food level. Instead, placental species appear to be tethered to a brood once initiated, and sacrifice body condition to maintain reproduction when resources are restricted. However, an alternative explanation for these results is that the pattern of resource allocation is a function other life history traits, rather than placentation alone. Chapter two distinguishes between these alternatives, by performing a similar experiment on the southern clade of Poeciliopsis, which has the opposite relationship between life history traits and placentation seen in the northern clade. The results mirror those from the northern clade, indicating reproductive mode, rather than life history, dictates the pattern of resource allocation. This further adds to the difficulties of explaining the evolution of the placenta within the constraints of the Trexler-DeAngelis model. The third study characterizes locomotor consequences related to differences in reproductive allocation using the Trinidadian Guppy (Poecilia reticulata), because placentation is correlated with a reduction in reproductive allocation. Females with the highest RA were less streamlined, had lower escape velocities, and had to work harder during prolonged swimming. In low predation natural habitat, these same females were restricted to habitat with slower moving water, while females with lower RAs were able to use faster flows, which are thought to be preferred feeding grounds. All high predation fish used slow moving water, irrespective of RA.
Author: Kathleen S. Cole
Publisher: Univ of California Press
ISBN: 0520947975
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 643
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Book Description
Marine fishes represent astonishing diversity with respect to practically every aspect of their biology. Reproductive modes and sexual patterns are especially fascinating and provide deep insight into general evolutionary problems. In this volume, chapters focus on reproduction and sexuality among groups of fishes defined by habitat, taxon, and the reproductive processes that are critical for reproductive success. The book illustrates how knowledge of reproductive biology among marine fishes can help identify vulnerable and potentially vulnerable species in the face of changing environmental conditions and increasing human-based pressures.
Author: Robert J. Wootton
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0632054263
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 496
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Book Description
Reproductive Biology of Teleost Fishes is the first integrated review of the reproductive biology of the bony fishes, which are the most species-rich and diversified group of vertebrates. Teleosts display remarkable variation in their modes of reproduction, and this volume is intended to provide a framework for understanding the remarkable reproductive diversity of this group. It describes their reproductive biology using, wherever possible, phylogenetic analyses and life-history theory as a means to interpret the information. The book addresses the genetic, physiological, behavioural, ecological, evolutionary and applied aspects of teleost reproduction in a comparative framework that emphasises the adaptive basis of reproductive diversity. Reproductive Biology of Teleost Fishes provides a comprehensive synthesis of fish reproduction that will be of great interest to life scientists, particularly ecologists, evolutionary biologists, physiologists and advanced undergraduates, postgraduates and research workers requiring a comprehensive overview of fish reproduction. The book is suitable for courses in fish biology and ecology, reproductive physiology and reproductive genetics. It also addresses applied questions and will be of value for courses on fisheries science and aquaculture. Libraries in all universities and research establishments where biological sciences, fisheries science and aquaculture are studied and taught should have several copies of this important book on their shelves.
Author: Barrie G M Jamieson
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1439843589
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 552
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Book Description
The animals loosely termed fish constitute more than half of all known vertebrate species. There are approximately 27,000 described living species of bony fishes (Euteleostomi = Osteichthyes), about 70 species of hagfishes and some 34 species of lampreys. Approximately 970 species are chondrichthyans, the sharks and their relatives, which were the subject of volume 3 in this series. It is perhaps because fishes live in a buoyant medium, whether it be fresh or sea water, that they show a diversity in body shapes that is unparalleled by other vertebrates. There is also a unique diversity in the modes of reproduction, whether by external or internal fertilization, and this, with the morphology and fine structure of the reproductive system and its components, is the subject of Part A. Part B deals with complementary topics: testes, sperm, and sperm competition; endocrinology of reproduction; pheromones and reproduction; copulatory structures: taxonomic overview and the potential for sexual selection; sexual selection: signaling and courtship; adaptation and evolution of reproductive mode in copulating cottoid species; fertilization; sex determination; parental care; reproduction in relation to conservation and exploitation of marine fishes; Cryopreservation of Gametes; Embryogenesis and Development; and Molecular Genetics of Development.
Author: Keenan Robert Morrison
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781369833300
Category : Cyprinodontiformes
Languages : en
Pages : 133
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Book Description
There is remarkable diversity in the form and function of vertebrate reproductive mode, and adaptive explanations for the vast differences among species have fallen short. Instead, parent-offspring conflicts provide a parsimonious framework that describes why evolutionary transitions occur from one mode to another, and how the differences among species change the nature of sexual selection and speciation. My dissertation examines the effect of reproductive mode on vertebrate evolution by examining two topics--the evolution of matrotrophy following a transition from oviparity to viviparity and the effect differences in reproductive mode have the evolution of reproductive isolation and the rate of speciation. Cyprinodontiformes, an order of small mostly freshwater fish, are notable for exhibiting a wide range of reproductive phenotypes. I make use of the repeated transitions from oviparity to viviparity and from lecithotrophy to matrotrophy in Cyprinodontiformes to test hypotheses that parent-offspring conflicts have driven the evolution of reproductive mode.
Author: Jonathan P. Evans
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 9780226222745
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The history of biology is populated by numerous model species or organisms. But few vertebrate groups have aided evolutionary and ecological research more than the live-bearing fishes of the family Poeciliidae. Found throughout tropical and subtropical waters, poeciliids exhibit a fascinating variety of reproductive specializations, including viviparity, matrotrophy, unisexual reproduction, and alternative mating strategies, making them ideal models for research on patterns and processes in ecology, behavior, and evolution. Ecology and Evolution of Poeciliid Fishes is a much-needed overview of the scientific potential and understanding of these live-bearing fishes. Chapters by leading researchers take up a wide range of topics, including the evolution of unisexual reproduction, life in extreme environments, life-history evolution, and genetics. Designed to provide a single and highly approachable reference, Ecology and Evolution of Poeciliid Fishes will appeal to students and specialists interested in all aspects of evolutionary ecology.
Author: Koen Martens
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 364
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Book Description
Author: Zerina Johanson
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107179440
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 283
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Book Description
World-class palaeontologists and biologists summarise the state-of-the-art on fish evolution and development.
Author: Barrie G M Jamieson
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1482280604
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 802
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Book Description
It is perhaps because fishes live in a buoyant medium, whether it be fresh or sea water, that they show a diversity in body shapes that is unparalleled by other vertebrates. There is also a unique diversity in the modes of reproduction, whether by external or internal fertilization, and this, with the morphology and fine structure of the reproducti
Author: J. Jaime Zúñiga-Vega
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889745139
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 249
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Book Description
