Evaluation of Genes Encoding the Enzymes of the Kennedy Pathway in Soybeans with Altered Fatty Acid Profiles PDF Download
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Author: Amy J. M. McNaughton
Publisher:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Amy J. M. McNaughton
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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![Suppression of Phospholipase D[Alpha] in Soybean PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/dh74jwEACAAJ?fife=w80-h100)
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Languages : en
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Demands on value-added crops have been raised to improve agricultural, industrial, and economical value. Currently, transgene application is one of most effective methods to satisfy these demands. Success in herbicide-resistant soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) has boosted genetic engineering to be used for biochemical, nutritional, cultural, and physiological improvements. The objectives of this study were to establish transgenic soybean lines with attenuated phospholipase D[Alpha] (PLD[Alpha]) activity in the seed, test the alteration of fatty acid profiles affected by transgene and somaclonal variation, and evaluate the physiological alteration of transgenic lines by both transgene and somaclonal variation. To change fatty acid profile in soybean seed, we attenuated PLD[Alpha] enzyme activity by an RNA interference construct using the PLD[Alpha] gene sequence. Two transgenic soybean lines were established by particle inflow gun bombardment of co-bombarding pSPLDi and pHG1 transgenes, and evaluated for the presence and expression of transgenes thoroughly through the T[subscript]5 generation. PLD[Alpha]-suppressed soybean lines were characterized by decreased PLD[Alpha] enzyme activity and PLD[Alpha] protein both during seed development and in mature seeds. The PLD[Alpha]-attenuated transgenic lines, SW1-7-1-1 and SW1-7-1-2, contain 36% and 49% oleic acid in the filed and greenhouse evaluations, respectively, which are equivalent to the mid-oleic acid soybean lines improved by conventional breeding and mutagenesis. Phenotypic and genetic analysis of the transgenic lines suggested the possibility that the multi-copy transgene integration formed direct or indirect repeats by random ligation during integration and organization of transgenes in the soybean genome, and the transgene cluster with tandem repeats may consequently increase the probability of transgene silencing. Various factors, such as high humidity and temperature, result in the loss of seed viability. Fayette seed stored for two months since harvest exhibited about 95% viability; however Fayette seeds stored for 33 months at room temperature and uncontrolled relative humidity become non-viable. PLD[Alpha]-attenuated transgenic soybean seeds have been produced by transformation. PLD-suppressed transgenic soybean seeds have maintained viability when stored for 33 months at room temperature. Germination of transgenic seed stored for 33 months ranged from 30 to 50%. Increased leakage of electrolytes associated with the loss of viability was observed in null-transgenic and background seeds versus transgenic seed. The increase in electrolyte leakage may have been induced by lipid peroxidation and free radical formation which can generate oxidative damage in the cell and subsequently decrease seed viability. Differences in the ultrastructure of cotyledon tissue were observed between PLD[Alpha]-suppressed soybean and the background cultivar. The loss of viability in the background cultivar was consistent with observations of the plasma membrane being detached from the cell wall complex and disorganization of oil bodies. Stresses caused by temperatures higher or lower than ambient are one of agricultural problems that reduce crop productivity in many areas and diverse species. To overcome the uncertainty of environmental fluctuations, efforts continue to improve high and low temperature tolerance in crops. PLD[Alpha]-suppressed transgenic events were produced by antisense suppression driven by constitutive and seed-specific promoters using the particle inflow gun (PIG) bombardment method. Nine fertile transgenic events suppressed the expression of PLD[Alpha] protein. PLD[Alpha] enzyme activity in T[subscript]1 seed was observed to be reduced by 25 percent compared to the non-transgenic control. When soybean seedlings were exposed to lethal freezing temperature, increased electrolyte leakage associated with oxidative damage and biophysical changes were observed in non-transgenic soybean, whereas membrane stability and integrity were maintained in transgenic soybean seedlings. The early growth of PLD[Alpha]-attenuated soybean seedlings was recovered from extreme heat-shock (45 °C) and freezing treatments ( -8 °C). The disruption of the plasma membrane and organelles was observed in freeze-stressed non-transgenic control seedlings. On the other hand, the structures of the plasma membrane, oil bodies, and cell organelles in transgenic seedlings were partially sustained after enduring freezing and thawing stresses.
Author: J.C. Kader
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401583943
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 598
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A collection of papers that comprehensively describe the major areas of research on lipid metabolism of plants. State-of-the-art knowledge about research on fatty acid and glycerolipid biosynthesis, isoprenoid metabolism, membrane structure and organization, lipid oxidation and degradation, lipids as intracellular and extracellular messengers, lipids and environment, oil seeds and gene technology is reviewed. The different topics covered show that modern tools of plant cellular and molecular biology, as well as molecular genetics, have been recently used to characterize several key enzymes of plant lipid metabolism (in particular, desaturases, thioesterases, fatty acid synthetase) and to isolate corresponding cDNAs and genomic clones, allowing the use of genetic engineering methods to modify the composition of membranes or storage lipids. These findings open fascinating perspectives, both for establishing the roles of lipids in membrane function and intracellular signalling and for adapting the composition of seed oil to the industrial needs. This book will be a good reference source for research scientists, advanced students and industrialists wishing to follow the considerable progress made in recent years on plant lipid metabolism and to envision the new opportunities offered by genetic engineering for the development of novel oil seeds.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309039940
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 765
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Book Description
Diet and Health examines the many complex issues concerning diet and its role in increasing or decreasing the risk of chronic disease. It proposes dietary recommendations for reducing the risk of the major diseases and causes of death today: atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (including heart attack and stroke), cancer, high blood pressure, obesity, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, liver disease, and dental caries.
Author:
Publisher:
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Category : Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Languages : en
Pages : 500
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Author: Gary Stacey
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387722998
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 405
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Book Description
Soybean genomics is of great interest as one of the most economically important crops and a major food source. This book covers recent advances in soybean genome research, including classical, RFLP, SSR, and SNP markers; genomic and cDNA libraries; functional genomics platforms; genetic and physical maps; and gene expression profiles. The book is for researchers and students in plant genetics and genomics, plant biology and pathology, agronomy, and food sciences.
Author: Anna Stina Sandelius
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540686967
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 307
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Book Description
Chloroplasts are vital for life as we know it. At the leaf cell level, it is common knowledge that a chloroplast interacts with its surroundings – but this knowledge is often limited to the benefits of oxygenic photosynthesis and that chloroplasts provide reduced carbon, nitrogen and sulphur. This book presents the intricate interplay between chloroplasts and their immediate and more distant environments. The topic is explored in chapters covering aspects of evolution, the chloroplast/cytoplasm barrier, transport, division, motility and bidirectional signalling. Taken together, the contributed chapters provide an exciting insight into the complexity of how chloroplast functions are related to cellular and plant-level functions. The recent rapid advances in the presented research areas, largely made possible by the development of molecular techniques and genetic screens of an increasing number of plant model systems, make this interaction a topical issue.
Author: W. W. Christie
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0857097865
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 447
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Book Description
This well-known and highly successful book was first published in 1973 and has been completely re-written in subsequent editions (published in 1982 and 2003). This new Fourth Edition has become necessary because of the pace of developments in mass spectrometry of intact lipids, which has given recognition of lipid analysis and ‘lipidomics’ as a distinct science. To bring the book up to date with these developments, author William W. Christie is joined by co-author Xianlin Han. Although devoting considerable space to mass spectrometry and lipidomics, Lipid analysis remains a practical guide, in one volume, to the complexities of the analysis of lipids. As in past editions, it is designed to act as a primary source, of value at the laboratory bench rather than residing on a library shelf. Lipid analysis deals with the isolation, separation, identification and structural analysis of glycerolipids, including triacylglycerols, phospholipids, sphingolipids, and the various hydrolysis products of these. The chapters follow a logical sequence from the extraction of lipids to the isolation and characterization of particular lipid classes and of molecular species of each, and to the mass spectrometric analysis of lipids and lipidomics. The new influence of mass spectrometry is due mainly to the development of electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). Most emphasis in this book is placed on ESI, which is enabling structural characterization of different lipid classes and the identification of novel lipids and their molecular species.
Author: Johann Vollmann
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387775943
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 557
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Book Description
When one is privileged to participate long enough in a professional capacity, certain trends may be observed in the dynamics of how challenges are met or how problems are solved. Agricultural research is no exception in view of how the plant sciences have moved forward in the past 30 years. For example, the once grand but now nearly forgotten art of whole plant physiology has given way almost completely to the more sophisticated realm of molecular biology. What once was the American Society of Plant Physiologists’ is now the American Society of Plant Molecular Biology; a democratic decision to indemnify efforts to go beyond the limits of the classical science and actually begin to understand the underlying biological basis for genetic regulation of metabolic mechanisms in plants. Yet, as new technologies open windows of light on the inner workings of biological processes, one might reminisce with faint nostalgia on days long past when the artisans of plant physiology, biochemistry, analytical chemistry and other scientific disciplines ebbed and waned in prominence. No intentional reference is made here regarding Darwinism; the plant sciences always have been extremely competitive. Technology is pivotal. Those who develop and/or implement innovative concepts typically are regarded as leaders in their respective fields. Each positive incremental step helps bring recognition and the impetus to push a scientific discipline forward with timely approaches to address relevant opportunities.
Author: Maureen C. McCann
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461493293
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 287
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Book Description
A country's vision for developing renewable and sustainable energy resources is typically propelled by three important drivers – security, cost, and environmental impact. The U.S. currently accounts for a quarter of the world’s total oil consumption, with domestic demands necessitating – at an ever growing cost – a net import of more than 50% of the oil used in this country. At the same time, Brazil, because of its forward thinking on energy strategy, is today energy independent. As emerging economies around the world increase their petroleum use by large margins and as large fractions of that new consumption are necessarily supplied from unstable parts of the world, the inevitable repercussions on petroleum-driven economies will continue to escalate. In addition, there is an unequivocal imperative to take immediate and aggressive measures to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions by decreasing fossil fuel consumption and increasing our use of carbon-neutral or carbon-negative fuels as well as improving efficiency of fuel use. Economic growth and development worldwide depend increasingly on secure supplies of reliable, affordable, clean energy. Together with its counterpart societies, was convened the First Pan-American Congress on Plants and BioEnergy, which was held in June, 2008, in Mérida, Mexico. Sponsored by the American Society of Plant Biologists, this congress was designed to initiate Pan-American research collaborations in energy biosciences. At that congress, the organizational committee committed themselves to continue the meeting biennially, resulting in the 2nd Pan-American Congress on Plants and BioEnergy to be held with the endorsement of ASPB, July 6-10, 2010, in São Paulo, Brazil. Whereas the 1st congress covered a broad range of topics that bioenergy impacted, the second congress will focus more on the advances in plant biology: the genetic improvement of energy crop plants, their fit into regional environments, and the development of a sustainable energy agriculture.
