Evaluation of Argentine Maize Hybrids and Exotic X Temperate Testcrosses Across Environments PDF Download
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Author: Brett A. Ochs
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Maize (Zea mays L.) is grown in a wide range of environments and altitudes worldwide. Maize has transitioned from open pollinated varieties to single cross hybrids over the last century. While maize production and genetic gain has increased, genetic diversity among U.S. maize hybrids has narrowed. Problems, such as insect pressure, diseases, and mycotoxins, present obstacles for breeders. One approach is to use exotic germplasm in breeding programs to provide useful, novel alleles for productivity, grain quality, and disease resistance. Little exotic germplasm has been used, because of lack of agronomic adaptation and problems with lodging, earliness, and tall plants in more temperate areas. Using exotic elite materials and evaluating them in targeted regions might increase success. Objectives of this research were: to characterize and evaluate agronomic adaptation and performance of Argentine commercial hybrids in the U.S., to evaluate semi-exotic testcrosses developed from semi adapted 100% tropical lines and elite U.S. inbred LH195, and to estimate response to aflatoxin contamination of Argentine hybrids and semi-exotic testcrosses under inoculation with Aspergillus flavus. Agronomic data was collected during 2004 in eleven Texas environments for Argentine hybrids, and eight Texas environments for semi-exotic testcrosses. Response to aflatoxin was measured in three southern Texas environments. U.S. commercial hybrids were used as checks. Significant differences among hybrids were observed for most environments and traits. In general, Argentine hybrids yielded lower, had lower 1000 kernel weights, and greater test weights than U.S. hybrids. Hybrids AX889, AX882MG, and AX890MG were competitive with U.S. hybrids for grain yield and were stable across environments. Semi-exotic testcrosses had similar lodging and grain moisture percentages, heavier test weights and competitive grain yields compared with U.S. hybrids. Hybrid TX-LAMA2002-9-2-B/lH195 had the highest overall grain yield mean for semi-exotic testcrosses and yielded better than two U.S. hybrids. Argentine hybrids had lower aflatoxin concentration than U.S. hybrids; several hybrids had less than 50 ng g−1 aflatoxin. Semi-exotic testcrosses had reduced aflatoxin compared to U.S. hybrids, with several hybrids under 35 ng g−1. These elite, exotic materials show promise for breeding programs, with competitiveness for grain yield, kernel traits, and reduced aflatoxin levels.
Author: Brett A. Ochs
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
Maize (Zea mays L.) is grown in a wide range of environments and altitudes worldwide. Maize has transitioned from open pollinated varieties to single cross hybrids over the last century. While maize production and genetic gain has increased, genetic diversity among U.S. maize hybrids has narrowed. Problems, such as insect pressure, diseases, and mycotoxins, present obstacles for breeders. One approach is to use exotic germplasm in breeding programs to provide useful, novel alleles for productivity, grain quality, and disease resistance. Little exotic germplasm has been used, because of lack of agronomic adaptation and problems with lodging, earliness, and tall plants in more temperate areas. Using exotic elite materials and evaluating them in targeted regions might increase success. Objectives of this research were: to characterize and evaluate agronomic adaptation and performance of Argentine commercial hybrids in the U.S., to evaluate semi-exotic testcrosses developed from semi adapted 100% tropical lines and elite U.S. inbred LH195, and to estimate response to aflatoxin contamination of Argentine hybrids and semi-exotic testcrosses under inoculation with Aspergillus flavus. Agronomic data was collected during 2004 in eleven Texas environments for Argentine hybrids, and eight Texas environments for semi-exotic testcrosses. Response to aflatoxin was measured in three southern Texas environments. U.S. commercial hybrids were used as checks. Significant differences among hybrids were observed for most environments and traits. In general, Argentine hybrids yielded lower, had lower 1000 kernel weights, and greater test weights than U.S. hybrids. Hybrids AX889, AX882MG, and AX890MG were competitive with U.S. hybrids for grain yield and were stable across environments. Semi-exotic testcrosses had similar lodging and grain moisture percentages, heavier test weights and competitive grain yields compared with U.S. hybrids. Hybrid TX-LAMA2002-9-2-B/lH195 had the highest overall grain yield mean for semi-exotic testcrosses and yielded better than two U.S. hybrids. Argentine hybrids had lower aflatoxin concentration than U.S. hybrids; several hybrids had less than 50 ng g−1 aflatoxin. Semi-exotic testcrosses had reduced aflatoxin compared to U.S. hybrids, with several hybrids under 35 ng g−1. These elite, exotic materials show promise for breeding programs, with competitiveness for grain yield, kernel traits, and reduced aflatoxin levels.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 306
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Book Description
"Education, arts and social sciences, natural and technical sciences in the United States and Canada".
Author: Weikai Yan
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1420040375
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 287
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Book Description
Research data is expensive and precious, yet it is seldom fully utilized due to our ability of comprehension. Graphical display is desirable, if not absolutely necessary, for fully understanding large data sets with complex interconnectedness and interactions. The newly developed GGE biplot methodology is a superior approach to the graphical analys
Author: K. S. Fischer
Publisher: Int. Rice Res. Inst.
ISBN: 9712201899
Category : Rice
Languages : en
Pages : 106
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Book Description
Information available for other cereals and the limited or circumstantial evidence available for rice indicate that we can now breed varieties that have improved yield under drought and produce high yields in the good seasons. This manual aims to help plant breeders develop such varieties.
Author:
Publisher: CIMMYT
ISBN: 9789686923483
Category : Corn
Languages : en
Pages : 108
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Book Description
Author: B. Venkateswarlu
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400722206
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 617
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Book Description
Crops experience an assortment of environmental stresses which include abiotic viz., drought, water logging, salinity, extremes of temperature, high variability in radiation, subtle but perceptible changes in atmospheric gases and biotic viz., insects, birds, other pests, weeds, pathogens (viruses and other microbes). The ability to tolerate or adapt and overwinter by effectively countering these stresses is a very multifaceted phenomenon. In addition, the inability to do so which renders the crops susceptible is again the result of various exogenous and endogenous interactions in the ecosystem. Both biotic and abiotic stresses occur at various stages of plant development and frequently more than one stress concurrently affects the crop. Stresses result in both universal and definite effects on plant growth and development. One of the imposing tasks for the crop researchers globally is to distinguish and to diminish effects of these stress factors on the performance of crop plants, especially with respect to yield and quality of harvested products. This is of special significance in view of the impending climate change, with complex consequences for economically profitable and ecologically and environmentally sound global agriculture. The challenge at the hands of the crop scientist in such a scenario is to promote a competitive and multifunctional agriculture, leading to the production of highly nourishing, healthy and secure food and animal feed as well as raw materials for a wide variety of industrial applications. In order to successfully meet this challenge researchers have to understand the various aspects of these stresses in view of the current development from molecules to ecosystems. The book will focus on broad research areas in relation to these stresses which are in the forefront in contemporary crop stress research.
Author: H. David Cooper
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Crops
Languages : en
Pages : 484
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Book Description
This book focuses on the previously neglected interface between the conservation of plant genetic resources and their utilization. Only through utilization can the potential value of conserved genetic resources be realized. However, as this book shows, much conserved germplasm has to be subjected to long-term pre-breeding and genetic enhancement before it can be used in plant breeding programs.The authors explore the rationale and approaches for such pre-breeding efforts as the basis for broadening the genetic bases of crop production. Examples from a range of major food crops are presented and issues analyzed by leading authorities from around the world.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Plant breeding
Languages : en
Pages : 1384
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Book Description
Author: James C. McCann
Publisher: Harvard University Press
ISBN: 0674040740
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 304
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Book Description
Sometime around 1500 AD, an African farmer planted a maize seed imported from the New World. That act set in motion the remarkable saga of one of the world’s most influential crops—one that would transform the future of Africa and of the Atlantic world. Africa’s experience with maize is distinctive but also instructive from a global perspective: experts predict that by 2020 maize will become the world’s most cultivated crop. James C. McCann moves easily from the village level to the continental scale, from the medieval to the modern, as he explains the science of maize production and explores how the crop has imprinted itself on Africa’s agrarian and urban landscapes. Today, maize accounts for more than half the calories people consume in many African countries. During the twentieth century, a tidal wave of maize engulfed the continent, and supplanted Africa’s own historical grain crops—sorghum, millet, and rice. In the metamorphosis of maize from an exotic visitor into a quintessentially African crop, in its transformation from vegetable to grain, and from curiosity to staple, lies a revealing story of cultural adaptation. As it unfolds, we see how this sixteenth-century stranger has become indispensable to Africa’s fields, storehouses, and diets, and has embedded itself in Africa’s political, economic, and social relations. The recent spread of maize has been alarmingly fast, with implications largely overlooked by the media and policymakers. McCann’s compelling history offers insight into the profound influence of a single crop on African culture, health, technological innovation, and the future of the world’s food supply.
Author: Chittaranjan Kole
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3319933817
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 321
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Book Description
This book highlights modern methods and strategies to improve cereal crops in the era of climate change, presenting the latest advances in plant molecular mapping and genome sequencing. Spectacular achievements in the fields of molecular breeding, transgenics and genomics in the last three decades have facilitated revolutionary changes in cereal- crop-improvement strategies and techniques. Since the genome sequencing of rice in 2002, the genomes of over eight cereal crops have been sequenced and more are to follow. This has made it possible to decipher the exact nucleotide sequence and chromosomal positions of agroeconomic genes. Most importantly, comparative genomics and genotyping-by-sequencing have opened up new vistas for exploring available biodiversity, particularly of wild crop relatives, for identifying useful donor genes.
