Evaluating the Reliability of Automatically Generated Pedestrian and Bicycle Crash Surrogates

Evaluating the Reliability of Automatically Generated Pedestrian and Bicycle Crash Surrogates PDF Author: Agnimitra Sengupta
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
Vulnerable road users (VRUs), such as pedestrians and bicyclists, are at a higher risk of being involved in crashes with motor vehicles, resulting in severe injuries or fatalities. Signalized intersections are a major safety concern for VRUs due to their complex and dynamic nature, highlighting the need to understand how these road users interact with motor vehicles and deploy evidence-based countermeasures to improve safety performance. Crashes involving VRUs are however infrequent, making it difficult to understand the underlying factors contributing to them. Therefore, identifying frequently observed potential conflicts is important to better understand and improve VRU safety at intersections. The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT) conducted a study using video-based event monitoring system to assess VRU and motor vehicle interactions at 15 signalized intersections across Pennsylvania to improve VRU safety performance. As a part of that study, automatic crash surrogates were generated from video data at 15 intersections in Pennsylvania. This research aims to assess the reliability of these automatically generated surrogates from the event monitoring system in predicting confirmed conflicts without human supervision using advanced data-driven models. The surrogate data used for analysis include relevant variables such as vehicular and VRU speeds, movements, post-encroachment time, signal states, lighting, and weather conditions. Findings highlight the varying importance and impact of specific surrogates in predicting true conflicts, with some being more informative than others. The differences between significant variables that help identify bicycle and pedestrian conflicts were also examined, revealing critical distinctions. The findings will assist transportation agencies in prioritizing infrastructure investments, such as bike lanes and crosswalks, and evaluating their effectiveness. Automatically detecting safety-critical events using video-based systems is a crucial step in developing smart infrastructure to enhance VRU safety. However, further research is needed to enhance its reliability and accuracy.

Evaluating the Reliability of Automatically Generated Pedestrian and Bicycle Crash Surrogates

Evaluating the Reliability of Automatically Generated Pedestrian and Bicycle Crash Surrogates PDF Author: Agnimitra Sengupta
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
Vulnerable road users (VRUs), such as pedestrians and bicyclists, are at a higher risk of being involved in crashes with motor vehicles, resulting in severe injuries or fatalities. Signalized intersections are a major safety concern for VRUs due to their complex and dynamic nature, highlighting the need to understand how these road users interact with motor vehicles and deploy evidence-based countermeasures to improve safety performance. Crashes involving VRUs are however infrequent, making it difficult to understand the underlying factors contributing to them. Therefore, identifying frequently observed potential conflicts is important to better understand and improve VRU safety at intersections. The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT) conducted a study using video-based event monitoring system to assess VRU and motor vehicle interactions at 15 signalized intersections across Pennsylvania to improve VRU safety performance. As a part of that study, automatic crash surrogates were generated from video data at 15 intersections in Pennsylvania. This research aims to assess the reliability of these automatically generated surrogates from the event monitoring system in predicting confirmed conflicts without human supervision using advanced data-driven models. The surrogate data used for analysis include relevant variables such as vehicular and VRU speeds, movements, post-encroachment time, signal states, lighting, and weather conditions. Findings highlight the varying importance and impact of specific surrogates in predicting true conflicts, with some being more informative than others. The differences between significant variables that help identify bicycle and pedestrian conflicts were also examined, revealing critical distinctions. The findings will assist transportation agencies in prioritizing infrastructure investments, such as bike lanes and crosswalks, and evaluating their effectiveness. Automatically detecting safety-critical events using video-based systems is a crucial step in developing smart infrastructure to enhance VRU safety. However, further research is needed to enhance its reliability and accuracy.

Safety Data, Analysis, and Evaluation

Safety Data, Analysis, and Evaluation PDF Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780309369367
Category : Crash injuries
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
"TRB?s Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2514, explores 19 papers related to safety data, analysis, and evaluation in the transportation sector, including: Exploring Driver Error at Intersections: Key Contributors and Solutions; Level of Service of Safety Revisited; Longitudinal Analysis of Rural Interstate Fatalities in Relation to Speed Limit Policies; Predicting Crashes on Expressway Ramps with Real-Time Traffic and Weather Data; Multilevel Logistic Regression Modeling for Crash Mapping in Metropolitan Areas; Simulated Traffic Conflicts: Do They Accurately Represent Field-Measured Conflicts?; Assessing Safety Improvements to Pedestrian Crossings Using Automated Conflict Analysis; Understanding Factors Affecting Frequency of Traffic Conflicts Between Electric Bicycles and Motorized Vehicles at Signalized Intersections; Comparative Analysis of Injury Severity Resulting from Pedestrian?Motor Vehicle and Bicycle?Motor Vehicle Crashes on Roadways in Alabama; Validation of Crash Modification Factors Derived from Cross-Sectional Studies with Regression Models; Fault Determination for Crashes in Vermont: Implications of Distance from Home; Crash Patterns at Signalized Intersections; Analyses of Multiyear Statewide Secondary Crash Data and Automatic Crash Report Reviewing; Assessment of Pedestrian Risk at Crossings with Kinematic?Probabilistic Model; Predicting Driver Injury Severity in Single-Vehicle and Two-Vehicle Crashes with Boosted Regression Trees; Effects of Geodemographic Profiles of Drivers on Their Injury Severity from Traffic Crashes Using Multilevel Mixed-Effects Ordered Logit Model; Copula-Based Joint Model of Injury Severity and Vehicle Damage in Two-Vehicle Crashes; Identifying Optimal High-Risk Driver Segments for Safety Messaging: Geodemographic Modeling Approach; Evaluation of Signalized-Intersection Crash Screening Methods Based on Distance from Intersection."--Publisher's description.

Innovative Research in Transportation Infrastructure

Innovative Research in Transportation Infrastructure PDF Author: Dipankar Deb
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9811320322
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 148

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Book Description
This book presents innovative research and its applications in the development of transportation infrastructure, and discusses the latest trends, challenges and unsolved problems in the field of transport technology. The book also presents a range of solutions to problems faced by the rapidly growing economies of the developing world. Core challenges confronting policymakers in the field of transport technology include traffic congestion, air pollution, traffic fatalities and injuries, and petroleum dependence. At the same time, the increased use of hybrid and electric vehicles is changing consumer needs and behaviors. The solutions discussed in this book will encourage and inspire researchers, industry professionals and policymakers alike to put these methods into practice.

World Report on Road Traffic Injury Prevention

World Report on Road Traffic Injury Prevention PDF Author: Marjorie Peden
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1437904068
Category : Transportation
Languages : en
Pages : 67

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Book Description
Every day thousands of people are killed and injured on our roads. Millions of people each year will spend long weeks in the hospital after severe crashes and many will never be able to live, work or play as they used to do. Current efforts to address road safety are minimal in comparison to this growing human suffering. This report presents a comprehensive overview of what is known about the magnitude, risk factors and impact of road traffic injuries, and about ways to prevent and lessen the impact of road crashes. Over 100 experts, from all continents and different sectors -- including transport, engineering, health, police, education and civil society -- have worked to produce the report. Charts and tables.

Guide for the Planning, Design, and Operation of Pedestrian Facilities

Guide for the Planning, Design, and Operation of Pedestrian Facilities PDF Author:
Publisher: AASHTO
ISBN: 1560512717
Category : CD-ROMS.
Languages : en
Pages : 142

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Book Description


Light Rail Service

Light Rail Service PDF Author: Transit Cooperative Research Program
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Local transit
Languages : en
Pages : 156

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Book Description
This report provides documentation and presents the results of a study to improve the safety of light rail transit (LRT) in semiexclusive rights-of-way where light rail vehicles operate at speeds greater than 35 mph through crossings with streets and pedestrians pathways. This report also presents the results of field tests conducted to improve the safety of higher speed LRT systems through grade crossing design.

Report No. FHWA-RD.

Report No. FHWA-RD. PDF Author: United States. Federal Highway Administration. Offices of Research and Development
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 376

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Book Description


Interpretable Machine Learning

Interpretable Machine Learning PDF Author: Christoph Molnar
Publisher: Lulu.com
ISBN: 0244768528
Category : Artificial intelligence
Languages : en
Pages : 320

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Book Description
This book is about making machine learning models and their decisions interpretable. After exploring the concepts of interpretability, you will learn about simple, interpretable models such as decision trees, decision rules and linear regression. Later chapters focus on general model-agnostic methods for interpreting black box models like feature importance and accumulated local effects and explaining individual predictions with Shapley values and LIME. All interpretation methods are explained in depth and discussed critically. How do they work under the hood? What are their strengths and weaknesses? How can their outputs be interpreted? This book will enable you to select and correctly apply the interpretation method that is most suitable for your machine learning project.

The Multi-Agent Transport Simulation MATSim

The Multi-Agent Transport Simulation MATSim PDF Author: Andreas Horni
Publisher: Ubiquity Press
ISBN: 190918876X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 620

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Book Description
The MATSim (Multi-Agent Transport Simulation) software project was started around 2006 with the goal of generating traffic and congestion patterns by following individual synthetic travelers through their daily or weekly activity programme. It has since then evolved from a collection of stand-alone C++ programs to an integrated Java-based framework which is publicly hosted, open-source available, automatically regression tested. It is currently used by about 40 groups throughout the world. This book takes stock of the current status. The first part of the book gives an introduction to the most important concepts, with the intention of enabling a potential user to set up and run basic simulations. The second part of the book describes how the basic functionality can be extended, for example by adding schedule-based public transit, electric or autonomous cars, paratransit, or within-day replanning. For each extension, the text provides pointers to the additional documentation and to the code base. It is also discussed how people with appropriate Java programming skills can write their own extensions, and plug them into the MATSim core. The project has started from the basic idea that traffic is a consequence of human behavior, and thus humans and their behavior should be the starting point of all modelling, and with the intuition that when simulations with 100 million particles are possible in computational physics, then behavior-oriented simulations with 10 million travelers should be possible in travel behavior research. The initial implementations thus combined concepts from computational physics and complex adaptive systems with concepts from travel behavior research. The third part of the book looks at theoretical concepts that are able to describe important aspects of the simulation system; for example, under certain conditions the code becomes a Monte Carlo engine sampling from a discrete choice model. Another important aspect is the interpretation of the MATSim score as utility in the microeconomic sense, opening up a connection to benefit cost analysis. Finally, the book collects use cases as they have been undertaken with MATSim. All current users of MATSim were invited to submit their work, and many followed with sometimes crisp and short and sometimes longer contributions, always with pointers to additional references. We hope that the book will become an invitation to explore, to build and to extend agent-based modeling of travel behavior from the stable and well tested core of MATSim documented here.

Pedestrian Crash Types: a 1990's Informational Guide

Pedestrian Crash Types: a 1990's Informational Guide PDF Author: William W. Hunter
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 108

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Book Description