EVALUATING THE ANAEROBIC CODIGESTION POTENTIAL OF STILLAGE AND DAIRY MANURE IN A TUBULAR DIGESTER PDF Download
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Author:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Abstract : Evaluations of the anaerobic treatment of sugarcane stillage and dairy manure in a low cost tubular digester were performed in small scale batch experiments and using mathematical simulations. A local sensitivity analysis of the model was performed, and key input parameters were adjusted until the predicted COD removal was consistent with data obtained using two full-scale digesters. Simulations were performed to evaluate COD removal and biogas production for nine different mixtures of stillage and manure at four different temperatures ranging from 15°C to 30°C. Digestion of stillage alone was not effective, but when codigested with 20% or more manure, COD removals of >80% and substantial biogas production were predicted. COD removal and biogas production increased with temperature. The batch experiments and model simulations suggest that codigestion of stillage and manure in a tubular anaerobic digester may reduce the environmental impacts of stillage disposal while producing valuable biogas and organic fertilizer.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Abstract : Evaluations of the anaerobic treatment of sugarcane stillage and dairy manure in a low cost tubular digester were performed in small scale batch experiments and using mathematical simulations. A local sensitivity analysis of the model was performed, and key input parameters were adjusted until the predicted COD removal was consistent with data obtained using two full-scale digesters. Simulations were performed to evaluate COD removal and biogas production for nine different mixtures of stillage and manure at four different temperatures ranging from 15°C to 30°C. Digestion of stillage alone was not effective, but when codigested with 20% or more manure, COD removals of >80% and substantial biogas production were predicted. COD removal and biogas production increased with temperature. The batch experiments and model simulations suggest that codigestion of stillage and manure in a tubular anaerobic digester may reduce the environmental impacts of stillage disposal while producing valuable biogas and organic fertilizer.
Author: Matthew J. Rankin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Animal waste
Languages : en
Pages : 274
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"Anaerobic digestion is a microbiological process that converts biodegradable organic material into biogas, consisting primarily of methane and carbon dioxide. Anaerobic digestion technologies have been integrated into wastewater treatment facilities nationwide for many decades to increase the economic viability of the treatment process by converting a waste stream into two valuable products: biogas and fertilizer. Thus, anaerobic digestion offers potential economic and environmental benefits of organic waste diversion and renewable energy generation. The use of biogas has many applications, including cogeneration, direct combustion, upgrading for conversion to feed a fuel cell, and compression for injection into the natural gas grid or for vehicular use. The potential benefits of waste diversion and renewable energy generation are now being realized by major organic waste generators in New York State, in particular the food manufacturing and dairy industries, thus warranting an analysis of the energy generation potential for these waste products. Anaerobic codigestion of dairy manure and food-based feedstocks reflects a cradle-to-cradle approach to organic waste management. Given both of their abundance throughout New York State, waste-to-energy processes represent promising waste management strategies. The objective of this thesis was to evaluate the current technical and economic feasibility of anaerobically codigesting existing dairy manure and food manufacturing waste feedstocks in New York State to produce high quality biogas for renewable energy generation. The first element to determining the technical feasibility of anaerobic codigestion potential in New York State was to first understand the feedstock availability. A comprehensive survey of existing organic waste streams was conducted. The key objective was to identify the volume and composition of dairy manure and liquid-phase food manufacturing waste streams available in New York State to make codigestion of multiple feedstocks in centralized anaerobic codigestion facilities an economically attractive alternative to traditional waste disposal pathways (e.g. landfill and wastewater treatment facilities). A technical and environmental assessment of processing food manufacturing wastes and dairy manure for production of electricity via cogeneration, while dependent on biogas quantity and quality as well as the proximity of the waste generators to the centralized codigestion facility, suggests that a real possibility exists for integrating dairy operations with food manufacturing facilities, dependent on the values of the parameters indicated in this thesis. The results of the environmental analysis show that considerable electricity generation and greenhouse gas emissions reductions are possible, depending primarily on feedstock availability and proximity to the centralized anaerobic digester. The initial results are encouraging and future work is warranted for analyzing the site-specific technical and economic viability of codigesting dairy manure and food manufacturing wastes to produce high quality biogas for renewable energy generation in New York State."--Abstract.
Author: Sai Krishna Reddy Yadanaparthi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agricultural wastes as fuel
Languages : en
Pages : 292
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Book Description
Dairy and potato are two important agricultural commodities in Idaho. Both the dairy and potato processing industries produce a huge amount of waste which could cause environmental pollution. To minimize the impact of potential pollution associated with dairy manure (DM) and potato waste (PW), anaerobic co-digestion has been considered as one of the best treatment process. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the anaerobic co-digestion of dairy manure and potato waste in terms of process stability, biogas generation, construction and operating costs, and potential revenue. For this purpose, I conducted 1) a literature review, 2) a lab study on anaerobic co-digestion of dairy manure and potato waste at three different temperature ranges (ambient (20-25°C), mesophilic (35-37°C) and thermophilic (55-57°C) with five mixing ratios (DM:PW-100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60), and 3) a financial analysis for anaerobic digesters based on assumed different capital costs and the results from the lab co-digestion study. The literature review indicates that several types of organic waste were co-digested with DM. Dairy manure is a suitable base matter for the co-digestion process in terms of digestion process stability and methane (CH4) production (Chapter 2). The lab tests showed that co-digestion of DM with PW was better than digestion of DM alone in terms of biogas and CH4 productions (Chapter 3). The financial analysis reveals DM and PW can be used as substrate for full size anaerobic digesters to generate positive cash flow within a ten year time period. Based on this research, the following conclusions and recommendations were made: The ratio of DM:PW-80:20 is recommended at thermophilic temperatures and the ratio of DM:PW-90:10 was recommended at mesophilic temperatures for optimum biogas and CH4 productions. In cases of anaerobic digesters operated with electricity generation equipment (generators), low cost plug flow digesters (capital cost of $600/cow) operating at thermophilic temperatures are recommended. The ratio of DM:PW-90:10 or 80:20 is recommended while operating low cost plug flow digesters at thermophilic temperatures. In cases of anaerobic digesters operated without electricity generation equipment (generators), completely mixed or high or low cost plug flow digesters can be used. The ratio of DM:PW-80:20 is recommended for completely mixed digesters operated at thermophilic temperatures. The ratio of DM:PW-90:10 or 80:20 is recommended for high cost plug flow digesters (capital cost of $1,000/cow) operated at thermophilic temperatures. All of the four co-digested mixing ratios (i.e. DM:PW-90:10 or 80:20 or 60:40 or 40:60) are good for low cost plug flow digesters (capital cost of $600/cow) operated at thermophilic temperatures. The ratio of DM:PW-90:10 is recommended for positive cash flow within the ten year period if the low cost plug flow digesters are operated at mesophilic temperatures.
Author: J. Mata-Alvarez
Publisher: IWA Publishing
ISBN: 1900222140
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 292
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Book Description
Biomethanization of the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Wastes is a comprehensive introduction to both the fundamentals and the more practical aspects of the anaerobic digestion of organic solid wastes, particularly those derived from households, that is, the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (OFMSW). It can be used as a textbook for specialized courses and also as a guide for practitioners. In the first part, the book covers the relevant aspects of anaerobic digestion (AD) of organic wastes. The fundamentals and kinetic aspects of AD are reviewed with particular emphasis on the aspects related to solid wastes. This introduction is necessary to have a comprehensive view of the AD process and to understand the practical principles as well as the origin of possible problems arising from the management of the process. Chapter 2 emphasizes the role of kinetics in designing the reactor, paying special attention to existing models, particularly the dynamic ones. Through this introduction, it is intended to facilitate the technology transfer from laboratory or pilot plant experiences to full-scale process, in order to implement improvements in current digesters. Laboratory methods are described for the analysis and optimization of reactor performance, such as methanogenic activity tests or experimental evaluation of the biodegradation kinetics of solid organic waste. The different reaction patterns applied to industrial reactors are outlined. Industrial reactors are classified in accordance with the system they use, pointing out advantages and limitations. Co-digestion, enabling the co-treatment of organic wastes of different origin in a more economically feasible way, is described in detail. Examples of co-digestion are given, with OFMSW as a base-substrate. Finally, full-scale co-digestion plants are discussed. Various types (mechanical, biological, physico-chemical) of pre-treatment to increase the biodegradability, and thus the yields of the process, are reviewed in detail. The use of the fermentation products of anaerobic digesters for biological nutrient removal processes in wastewater treatment plants is described. This constitutes an example of integrated waste management, a field in which both economic and technical advances can be achieved. Balances are given to justify the approach, and a full-scale case study is presented. The important topic of economics and the ecological advantages of the process are emphasized. The use of compost, the integration with composting technology, and advantages over other technologies are detailed in the framework of an environmental impact assessment of biowaste treatment. Finally, the anaerobic digestion of MSW in landfills is reviewed in detail, with emphasis on landfill process enhancement and strategies for its application.
Author: Marcell Nikolausz
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 303650222X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 230
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Book Description
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is one of the oldest biotechnological processes and originally referred to biomass degradation under anoxic conditions in both natural and engineered systems. It has been used for decades to treat various waste streams and to produce methane-rich biogas as an important energy carrier, and it has become a major player in electrical power production. AD is a popular, mature technology, and our knowledge about the influencing process parameters as well as about the diverse microbial communities involved in the process has increased dramatically over the last few decades. To avoid competition with food and feed production, the AD feedstock spectrum has constantly been extended to waste products either rich in recalcitrant lignocellulose or containing inhibitory substances such as ammonia, which requires application of various pre-treatments or specific management of the microbial resources. Extending the definition of AD, it can also convert gases rich in hydrogen and carbon dioxide into methane that can substitute natural gas, which opens new opportunities by a direct link to traditional petrochemistry. Furthermore, AD can be coupled with emerging biotechnological applications, such as microbial electrochemical technologies or the production of medium-chain fatty acids by anaerobic fermentation. Ultimately, because of the wide range of applications, AD is still a very vital field in science. This Special Issue highlights some key topics of this research field.
Author: Vinay Kumar Tyagi
Publisher: IWA Publishing
ISBN: 1780409737
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 457
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Book Description
The anaerobic process is considered to be a sustainable technology for organic waste treatment mainly due to its lower energy consumption and production of residual solids coupled with the prospect of energy recovery from the biogas generated. However, the anaerobic process cannot be seen as providing the ‘complete’ solution as its treated effluents would typically not meet the desired discharge limits in terms of residual carbon, nutrients and pathogens. This has given impetus to subsequent post treatment in order to meet the environmental legislations and protect the receiving water bodies and environment. This book discusses anaerobic treatment from the perspective of organic wastes and wastewaters (municipal and industrial) followed by various post-treatment options for anaerobic effluent polishing and resource recovery. Coverage will also be from the perspective of future trends and thoughts on anaerobic technologies being able to support meeting the increasingly stringent disposal standards. The resource recovery angle is particularly interesting as this can arguably help achieve the circular economy. It is intended the information can be used to identify appropriate solutions for anaerobic effluent treatment and possible alternative approaches to the commonly applied post-treatment techniques. The succeeding discussion is intended to lead on to identification of opportunities for further research and development. This book can be used as a standard reference book and textbook in universities for Master and Doctoral students. The academic community relevant to the subject, namely faculty, researchers, scientists, and practicing engineers, will find the book both informative and as a useful source of successful case studies.
Author: Agostino Vico
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781536127874
Category : Biogas
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
In Chapter One, Antonio Colmenar-Santos, Enrique Rosales-Asensio, David Borge-Diez, and Manuel Castro-Gil present an overview of current research on equitable alternatives for recently constructed concentrated solar power plants in Spain. Next, Chapter Two by Dian Andriani, Arini Wresta, Arifin Santosa, and Kusnadi discusses the idea that various raw materials can be used for biogas production. Additionally, the authors discuss modern biogas production technologies. In Chapter Three, Caroline Borges Agustini and Mariliz Gutterres provide a review on the significance of biogas production in conjunction with its characteristics and handling problems. Following this, the authors go on to review current microorganism identification techniques as well as crop optimisation techniques. In Chapter Five, Sina Gilassi, Seyed Mohammad Taghavi, Serge Kaliaguine, and Denis Rodrigue suggest commercial polymer hollow fibres could be used to improve separation efficiency and CH4 purity in biogas production. Vladimir I. Shcherbakov, Nadezhda V. Kuznetsova, and Tatiana V. Shchyukina present research with the goal of determining favourable conditions for methane forming bacteria vital functions, fermentation processes intensification methods, and developing advance capacity reactors in Chapter Six. Afterwards, Chapter Seven by Spyridon Achina and Vasileios Achinas deliberates on the physicochemical properties of biogas and the need for further research on the subject. In Chapter Eight, Kevin N. Nwaigwe, Uchenna C. Egbufor, Sambas N. Asoegwu, and Christopher C. Enweremadu propose water hyacinth as a substrate for biogas production. Chapter Nine by Preseela Satpathy, PhD examines recent trends in biogas technology advancements. Next, Chapter Ten by Caroline Borges Agustini and Mariliz Gutterres explores the anaerobic process characteristics of anaerobic digestion, as well as its efficiency. In Chapter Eleven, Mohamed Habib Sellami exhibits a modelling approach designed to hypothesise the performance, impact, and profitability of systems cogenerating energy from released biogas. In conclusion, Chapter Twelve by K. N. Nwaigwe, E. E. Anyanwu and C. C. Enweremadu presents a synopsis on bioreactor technology development trends.
Author: Enrico Drioli
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN: 3110381540
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 458
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Book Description
Modern membrane science and technology aids engineers in developing and designing more efficient and environmentally-friendly processes. The optimal material and membrane selection as well as applications in the many involved industries are provided. This work is the ideal introduction for engineers working in membrane science and applications (wastewater, desalination, adsorption, and catalysis), process engineers in separation science, biologists and biochemists, environmental scientists, and most of all students. Its multidisciplinary approach also stimulates thinking of hybrid technologies for current and future life-saving applications (artificial organs, drug delivery).
Author: Tasneem Abbasi
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461410401
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 181
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Book Description
In recent years, the importance of biogas energy has risen manifold and has become universal. This is due to the realization that biogas capture and utilization has great potential in controlling global warming. By capturing biogas wherever it is formed, we not only tap a source of clean energy, but we also prevent the escape of methane to the atmosphere. Given that methane has 25 times greater global warming potential than CO2, methane capture through biogas energy in this manner can contribute substantially towards global warming control.
Author: Samir Kumar Khanal
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119949424
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 322
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Book Description
Anaerobic biotechnology is a cost-effective and sustainable means of treating waste and wastewaters that couples treatment processes with the reclamation of useful by-products and renewable biofuels. This means of treating municipal, agricultural, and industrial wastes allows waste products to be converted to value-added products such as biofuels, biofertilizers, and other chemicals. Anaerobic Biotechnology for Bioenergy Production: Principles and Applications provides the reader with basic principles of anaerobic processes alongside practical uses of anaerobic biotechnology options. This book will be a valuable reference to any professional currently considering or working with anaerobic biotechnology options.
