Eurasian Snow Cover and the Role of Linear Interference in Stratosphere-troposphere Interactions PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Eurasian Snow Cover and the Role of Linear Interference in Stratosphere-troposphere Interactions PDF full book. Access full book title Eurasian Snow Cover and the Role of Linear Interference in Stratosphere-troposphere Interactions by Karen L. Smith. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Karen L. Smith
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Physics Theses
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Karen L. Smith
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Physics Theses
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author:
Publisher: ScholarlyEditions
ISBN: 1464991103
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1061
Get Book Here
Book Description
Advances in Ecology Environment and Conservation Research and Application / 2012 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Ecology Environment and Conservation. The editors have built Advances in Ecology Environment and Conservation Research and Application / 2012 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Ecology Environment and Conservation in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Advances in Ecology Environment and Conservation Research and Application / 2012 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Author: Kazuyuki Saito
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 112
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Andrew Robertson
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 012811715X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 585
Get Book Here
Book Description
The Gap Between Weather and Climate Forecasting: Sub-seasonal to Seasonal Prediction is an ideal reference for researchers and practitioners across the range of disciplines involved in the science, modeling, forecasting and application of this new frontier in sub-seasonal to seasonal (S2S) prediction. It provides an accessible, yet rigorous, introduction to the scientific principles and sources of predictability through the unique challenges of numerical simulation and forecasting with state-of-science modeling codes and supercomputers. Additional coverage includes the prospects for developing applications to trigger early action decisions to lessen weather catastrophes, minimize costly damage, and optimize operator decisions. The book consists of a set of contributed chapters solicited from experts and leaders in the fields of S2S predictability science, numerical modeling, operational forecasting, and developing application sectors. The introduction and conclusion, written by the co-editors, provides historical perspective, unique synthesis and prospects, and emerging opportunities in this exciting, complex and interdisciplinary field. Contains contributed chapters from leaders and experts in sub-seasonal to seasonal science, forecasting and applications Provides a one-stop shop for graduate students, academic and applied researchers, and practitioners in an emerging and interdisciplinary field Offers a synthesis of the state of S2S science through the use of concrete examples, enabling potential users of S2S forecasts to quickly grasp the potential for application in their own decision-making Includes a broad set of topics, illustrated with graphic examples, that highlight interdisciplinary linkages
Author: Gina R. Henderson
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781124240824
Category : Ocean-atmosphere interaction
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
The difference between snow versus snow free conditions is the most significant natural, seasonal change the land surface can experience. Snow affects all aspects of the surface energy balance including albedo, sensible and latent heat fluxes, and soil moisture. In addition, the presence or lack of snow plays an important role in modifying the overlying air temperature, propagating from local climate to neighboring regions and even globally through atmospheric teleconnections. Numerous studies to date have investigated the implications of snow forcing the atmosphere and associated circulation, however the cause and effect relationship or direction of forcing has not been decisively demonstrated from observed data alone. GCM studies investigating snow-atmosphere interaction have focused on interaction of Siberian or Eurasian snow cover anomalies with the atmospheric teleconnection modes such as the Arctic Oscillation. Although the tendency has been to concentrate on Eurasia due to the magnitude of snowmass, North American snow cover also produces a weak relationship with downstream climate and an atmospheric teleconnection via enhanced North Atlantic storm track activity. Recent GCM studies of the effects of snow cover on overlying atmospheric conditions and large-scale circulation have primarily used a data ocean model with a fixed seasonal cycle of sea surface temperature (SST) and sea ice cover, based on historical SST records. We explore the influence of this SST boundary condition by comparing the data-forced model with a mixed-layer slab ocean model underneath the NCAR atmospheric GCM. Experimental runs consist of 40-year simulations where each experiment was run once with the data-forced model and once with the mixed-layer slab ocean model in scenarios of anomalously high and low snow cover patterns. Anomalous snow cover patterns were generated from historical snow cover data by choosing minimum and maximum depths observed on a particular day of the year for each grid point. Surface response results include significant SST cooling under maximum North American and Eurasian snow conditions. Locations of SST cooling include local coastal cooling directly downstream of each individual forcing region in addition to upstream centers of remote cooling; in the Pacific under anomalously high snow conditions in North America and in the Atlantic under anomalously high Eurasian snow conditions. Significant cooling of surface temperature at 2 m under maximum snow conditions local to each forcing region was evident from both experiments, however values were larger in magnitude and greater in spatial extent when using the slab model. Atmospheric responses to anomalous snow conditions are dominated by a barotropic response under maximum snow conditions throughout much of the mid latitudes in both experiments. Consistent upstream anomalously lower geopotential height and sea level pressure over the Pacific during early winter in particular is evident from the North American Slab experiment, implying a reduced north-south gradient indicating a negative AO phase under maximum snow extent and depth. In contrast, the Data experiment is dominated by weaker and less significant downstream response in both atmospheric fields for both experiments. Areas of positive eddy kinetic energy (EKE) correlate well with steep geopotential height gradient differences between maximum and minimum snow experiments. A dipole of EKE in early winter over the Pacific in both experiments with positive values to the south and negative to the north is indicative of reduced poleward heat flux which may be contributing to a decrease in warm SST advection northwards and the ensuing mid Pacific SST cooling. This proposed pathway is supported by increased zonal wind at 250 hPa collocated with identified regions of sharpened geopotential height gradient, strengthened baroclinicity and positive EKE. The Eurasian experiment shows a similar pathway to the North American experiment, however circulation response is focused downstream of the forcing region in early winter for both Slab and Data experiments. A southward shift of the prevailing East Asia storm track is indicated from a dipole pattern of EKE in the Pacific during early winter when using the Slab model in contrast to strengthening alone with no southward shift under Data conditions. Reduced poleward heat transport associated with a southward shift in the prevailing storm tracks of this region may be influencing the cooling SST trend through reduced warm SST advection to the Aleutian area of the North Pacific.
Author: David G. Andrews
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0080954677
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 502
Get Book Here
Book Description
For advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students in atmospheric, oceanic, and climate science, Atmosphere, Ocean and Climate Dynamics is an introductory textbook on the circulations of the atmosphere and ocean and their interaction, with an emphasis on global scales. It will give students a good grasp of what the atmosphere and oceans look like on the large-scale and why they look that way. The role of the oceans in climate and paleoclimate is also discussed. The combination of observations, theory and accompanying illustrative laboratory experiments sets this text apart by making it accessible to students with no prior training in meteorology or oceanography. * Written at a mathematical level that is appealing for undergraduates and beginning graduate students * Provides a useful educational tool through a combination of observations and laboratory demonstrations which can be viewed over the web * Contains instructions on how to reproduce the simple but informative laboratory experiments * Includes copious problems (with sample answers) to help students learn the material.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309301912
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 98
Get Book Here
Book Description
The Arctic has been undergoing significant changes in recent years. Average temperatures are rising twice as fast as they are elsewhere in the world. The extent and thickness of sea ice is rapidly declining. Such changes may have an impact on atmospheric conditions outside the region. Several hypotheses for how Arctic warming may be influencing mid-latitude weather patterns have been proposed recently. For example, Arctic warming could lead to a weakened jet stream resulting in more persistent weather patterns in the mid-latitudes. Or Arctic sea ice loss could lead to an increase of snow on high-latitude land, which in turn impacts the jet stream resulting in cold Eurasian and North American winters. These and other potential connections between a warming Arctic and mid-latitude weather are the subject of active research. Linkages Between Arctic Warming and Mid-Latitude Weather Patterns is the summary of a workshop convened in September 2013 by the National Research Council to review our current understanding and to discuss research needed to better understand proposed linkages. A diverse array of experts examined linkages between a warming Arctic and mid-latitude weather patterns. The workshop included presentations from leading researchers representing a range of views on this topic. The workshop was organized to allow participants to take a global perspective and consider the influence of the Arctic in the context of forcing from other components of the climate system, such as changes in the tropics, ocean circulation, and mid-latitude sea surface temperature. This report discusses our current understanding of the mechanisms that link declines in Arctic sea ice cover, loss of high-latitude snow cover, changes in Arctic-region energy fluxes, atmospheric circulation patterns, and the occurrence of extreme weather events; possible implications of more severe loss of summer Arctic sea ice upon weather patterns at lower latitudes; major gaps in our understanding, and observational and/or modeling efforts that are needed to fill those gaps; and current opportunities and limitations for using Arctic sea ice predictions to assess the risk of temperature/precipitation anomalies and extreme weather events over northern continents.
Author: L. M. Polvani
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118671597
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 514
Get Book Here
Book Description
Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 190. The Stratosphere: Dynamics, Transport, and Chemistry is the first volume in 20 years that offers a comprehensive review of the Earth's stratosphere, increasingly recognized as an important component of the climate system. The volume addresses key advances in our understanding of the stratospheric circulation and transport and summarizes the last two decades of research to provide a concise yet comprehensive overview of the state of the field. This monograph reviews many important aspects of the dynamics, transport, and chemistry of the stratosphere by some of the world's leading experts, including up-to-date discussions of Dynamics of stratospheric polar vortices Chemistry and dynamics of the ozone hole Role of solar variability in the stratosphere Effect of gravity waves in the stratosphere Importance of atmospheric annular modes This volume will be of interest to graduate students and scientists who wish to learn more about the stratosphere. It will also be useful to atmospheric science departments as a textbook for classes on the stratosphere.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309388805
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 351
Get Book Here
Book Description
As the nation's economic activities, security concerns, and stewardship of natural resources become increasingly complex and globally interrelated, they become ever more sensitive to adverse impacts from weather, climate, and other natural phenomena. For several decades, forecasts with lead times of a few days for weather and other environmental phenomena have yielded valuable information to improve decision-making across all sectors of society. Developing the capability to forecast environmental conditions and disruptive events several weeks and months in advance could dramatically increase the value and benefit of environmental predictions, saving lives, protecting property, increasing economic vitality, protecting the environment, and informing policy choices. Over the past decade, the ability to forecast weather and climate conditions on subseasonal to seasonal (S2S) timescales, i.e., two to fifty-two weeks in advance, has improved substantially. Although significant progress has been made, much work remains to make S2S predictions skillful enough, as well as optimally tailored and communicated, to enable widespread use. Next Generation Earth System Predictions presents a ten-year U.S. research agenda that increases the nation's S2S research and modeling capability, advances S2S forecasting, and aids in decision making at medium and extended lead times.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309054494
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 645
Get Book Here
Book Description
This volume reflects the current state of scientific knowledge about natural climate variability on decade-to-century time scales. It covers a wide range of relevant subjects, including the characteristics of the atmosphere and ocean environments as well as the methods used to describe and analyze them, such as proxy data and numerical models. They clearly demonstrate the range, persistence, and magnitude of climate variability as represented by many different indicators. Not only do natural climate variations have important socioeconomic effects, but they must be better understood before possible anthropogenic effects (from greenhouse gas emissions, for instance) can be evaluated. A topical essay introduces each of the disciplines represented, providing the nonscientist with a perspective on the field and linking the papers to the larger issues in climate research. In its conclusions section, the book evaluates progress in the different areas and makes recommendations for the direction and conduct of future climate research. This book, while consisting of technical papers, is also accessible to the interested layperson.
