Short-term and Working Memory PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Short-term and Working Memory PDF full book. Access full book title Short-term and Working Memory by Susan E. Gathercole. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Susan E. Gathercole
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 9781841699189
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 268
Get Book Here
Book Description
This special issue ponders a detailed and contemporary analysis of the theoretical underpinnings of short-term and working memory. Articles focus on short-term memory for phonological, semantic, and spatial material, on executive function and on short-term forgetting. The empirical perspectives include the neuroimaging of short-term memory, short-term memory development and the neuropsychology and neurobiology of memory, in addition to laboratory-based experimental studies. Together, these articles identify significant current models and approaches to short-term and working memory, providing a broad set of perspectives which illustrate the wide impact of working memory on the understanding of human cognition.
Author: Susan E. Gathercole
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 9781841699189
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 268
Get Book Here
Book Description
This special issue ponders a detailed and contemporary analysis of the theoretical underpinnings of short-term and working memory. Articles focus on short-term memory for phonological, semantic, and spatial material, on executive function and on short-term forgetting. The empirical perspectives include the neuroimaging of short-term memory, short-term memory development and the neuropsychology and neurobiology of memory, in addition to laboratory-based experimental studies. Together, these articles identify significant current models and approaches to short-term and working memory, providing a broad set of perspectives which illustrate the wide impact of working memory on the understanding of human cognition.
Author: Andrea Maloney Schara
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780615928791
Category : Families
Languages : en
Pages : 318
Get Book Here
Book Description
"Your Mindful Compass" takes us behind the emotional curtain to see the mechanisms regulating individuals in social systems. There is great comfort and wisdom in knowing we can increase our awareness to manage the swift and ancient mechanisms of social control. We can gain greater flexibility by seeing how social controls work in systems from ants to humans. To be less controlled by others, we learn how emotional systems influence our relationship-oriented brain. People want to know what goes on in families that give rise to amazing leaders and/or terrorists. For the first time in history we can understand the systems in which we live. The social sciences have been accumulating knowledge since the early fifties as to how we are regulated by others. S. Milgram, S. Ashe, P. Zimbardo and J. Calhoun, detail the vulnerability to being duped and deceived and the difficulty of cooperating when values differ. Murray Bowen, M.D., the first researcher to observe several live-in families, for up to three years, at the National Institute of Mental Health. Describing how family members overly influence one another and distribute stress unevenly, Bowen described both how symptoms and family leaders emerge in highly stressed families. Our brain is not organized to automatically perceive that each family has an emotional system, fine-tuned by evolution and "valuing" its survival as a whole, as much as the survival of any individual. It is easier to see this emotional system function in ants or mice but not in humans. The emotional system is organized to snooker us humans: encouraging us to take sides, run away from others, to pressure others, to get sick, to blame others, and to have great difficulty in seeing our part in problems. It is hard to see that we become anxious, stressed out and even that we are difficult to deal with. But "thinking systems" can open the doors of perception, allowing us to experience the world in a different way. This book offers both coaching ideas and stories from leaders as to strategies to break out from social control by de-triangling, using paradoxes, reversals and other types of interruptions of highly linked emotional processes. Time is needed to think clearly about the automatic nature of the two against one triangle. Time and experience is required as we learn strategies to put two people together and get self outside the control of the system. In addition, it takes time to clarify and define one's principles, to know what "I" will or will not do and to be able to take a stand with others with whom we are very involved. The good news is that systems' thinking is possible for anyone. It is always possible for an individual to understand feelings and to integrate them with their more rational brains. In so doing, an individual increases his or her ability to communicate despite misunderstandings or even rejection from important others. The effort involved in creating your Mindful Compass enables us to perceive the relationship system without experiencing it's threats. The four points on the Mindful Compass are: 1) Action for Self, 2) Resistance to Forward Progress, 3) Knowledge of Social Systems and the 4) The Ability to Stand Alone. Each gives us a view of the process one enters when making an effort to define a self and build an emotional backbone. It is not easy to find our way through the social jungle. The ability to know emotional systems well enough to take a position for self and to become more differentiated is part of the natural way humans cope with pressure. Now people can use available knowledge to build an emotional backbone, by thoughtfully altering their part in the relationship system. No one knows how far one can go by making an effort to be more of a self-defined individual in relationships to others. Through increasing emotional maturity, we can find greater individual freedom at the same time that we increase our ability to cooperate and to be close to others.
Author: S. Kenneth Thurman
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1135597332
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 325
Get Book Here
Book Description
This volume summarizes research on important topics in cognitive research and discusses what must be done to apply this research in early elementary classrooms. Purposefully, it focuses on areas of cognitive research that have only recently begun to be studied in early elementary classrooms or that, based on educational and psychological theory, appear to have the greatest implications for early classroom learning Part 1, "Cognitive Applications in Early Elementary Classrooms," examines topics germane to the cognitive functioning of young children: working memory, executive functioning, theory of mind, phonemic awareness, and neuropsychological processing in the context of early elementary classrooms. Part 2, "Considerations for Further Research: Methods, Policy, and Issues," looks at practical and methodological issues of which applied cognitive researchers must remain cognizant: methodology, research designs, the gap between science and policy and means by which this gap can be diminished, and the need to consider how issues like ecological validity, individual differences, treatment integrity, and the relation between assessment and intervention are integral to designing applied cognitive research studies. The current emphasis on empirically supported treatments and research-based teaching and intervention in the schools, and legislation such as No Child Left Behind and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act, have focused attention on the scientific basis of educational practice. However, applying research to the environment of the schools is not an automatic process. Bridging the gap has several prerequisites: researchers must attend to the ecological validity of their studies, universities must incorporate the results of research into their pre-professional training programs, and schools must support their inservice staff in developing new knowledge and skills. Applied Cognitive Research in K-3 Classrooms contributes strongly to these goals, not only by providing researchers, professionals, and graduate students in the fields of cognitive psychology, school psychology, educational psychology, educational research, and early elementary-level education with current understanding but also helping to set an agenda for further research that applies cognitive psychology in early elementary classrooms.
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128043261
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 512
Get Book Here
Book Description
The Frontal Lobes, Volume 163, updates readers on the latest thinking on the structure and function of the human frontal lobe. Sections address methodology, anatomy, physiology and pharmacology, function, development, aging and disorders, and rehabilitation. Patients with focal lesions in the frontal lobes have long been studied to reveal the organization and function of the frontal lobes. Over the last two decades, studies of patients with neurodegenerative diseases and developmental disorders have increased, with new findings discussed in this volume. In addition, the book includes discussions on genetics and molecular biology, optogenetics, high-resolution structural and functional neuroimaging and electrophysiology, and more. Lastly, new knowledge on the biology, structure and function of the frontal lobes, new treatment targets for pharmacology, non-invasive brain stimulation, and cognitive/social remediation are presented. The last section covers new efforts that will hopefully lead to better outcomes in patients with frontal lobe disorders. - Provides an overview of the structure, function, disorder and rehabilitation of the frontal lobes - Addresses a wide variety of methodologies – from genetics and molecular biology, to optogenetics and hi-res fMRI, and more - Contains content of interest to advanced students, junior researchers and clinicians getting involved in research - Features the input of leaders in neuroanatomical research from around the globe – the broadest, most expert coverage available
Author: Usha Goswami
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 1317441559
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 188
Get Book Here
Book Description
In this classic edition of their ground-breaking work, Usha Goswami and Peter Bryant revisit their influential theory about how phonological skills support the development of literacy. The book describes three causal factors which can account for children’s reading and spelling development: pre-school phonological knowledge of rhyme and alliteration the impact of alphabetic instruction on knowledge about phonemes links between early spelling and later reading. This classic edition includes a new introduction from the authors which evaluates research from the past 25 years. Examining new evidence from auditory neuroscience, statistical modelling and orthographic database analyses, as well as new data from cognitive developmental psychology and educational studies, the authors consider how well their original ideas have stood up to the test of time. Phonological Skills and Learning to Read will continue to be essential reading for students and researchers in language and literacy development, and those involved in teaching children to read.
Author: Carol McDonald Connor
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317439546
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 205
Get Book Here
Book Description
Learning to read may be the most complex cognitive operation that children are expected to master, and the latest research in cognitive development has offered important insights into how children succeed or fail at this task. The Cognitive Development of Reading and Reading Comprehension is a multidisciplinary, evidence-based resource for teachers and researchers that examines reading comprehension from a cognitive development perspective, including the principal theories and methods used in the discipline. The book combines research into basic cognitive processes—genetics, perception, memory, executive functioning, and language—with an investigation of the effects that context and environment have on literacy outcomes, making clear how factors such as health, family life, community, policy, and ecology can influence children’s cognitive development.
Author: BOULENGER Jean-Philippe
Publisher: Lavoisier
ISBN: 2257704088
Category : Anxiety
Languages : fr
Pages : 344
Get Book Here
Book Description
Depuis les premières descriptions cliniques datant de la fin du XIXe siècle, montrant l’intérêt médical relativement récent pour l’anxiété, les symptômes anxieux et les troubles anxieux, les concepts ont considérablement évolué au cours du XXe siècle pour aboutir aux classifications syndromiques en vigueur dans la nosographie actuelle. Pourtant, un certain nombre de questions demeurent, par exemple sur l’existence d’un continuum entre une anxiété normale et adaptative et une anxiété pathologique, la nature de la réactivité émotionnelle dans les troubles anxieux par rapport à celle décrite dans les troubles bipolaires, etc... La première partie d’ouvrage présente les diverses approches actuelles pour comprendre les troubles anxieux : modèles émotionnels, approche évolutionniste, psychodynamique, théorie de l’attachement, génétique, neurobiologie, neuropsychologie, électrophysiologie et neuro-imagerie. Sont ensuite exposés les différents troubles anxieux (attaque de panique, phobie sociale, trouble anxieux généralisé, hypocondrie, état de stress post-traumatique, TOC, etc.) et les associations co-morbides (dépression, conduites suicidaires, troubles bipolaires, addictions, etc...). Réunissant plus d’une quarantaine de spécialistes reconnus, riche d’une trentaine tableaux et schémas explicatifs et d’un index détaillé, cet ouvrage offre un état des connaissances et des recherches sur les troubles anxieux. Jean-Pierre Lépine, Professeur des Universités, Praticien hospitalier, service de Psychiatrie Adultes, hôpital Lariboisière, Paris. Jean-Philippe Boulenger, Professeur des Universités, Praticien hospitalier, service de Psychiatrie Adultes, CHU, Montpellier.
Author: Julianna Benson
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
ISBN: 9781634855624
Category : Metacognition
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Get Book Here
Book Description
The development of metacognitive skills in the human mind has been and is still a great challenge in cognitive psychology. This book provides current research on the theories and performance of metacognition. Chapter One analyzes the nature of metacognition conceptually with respect to its relationship to cognition. Chapter Two studies metacognition and cognitive flexibility in the transfer of learning. Chapter Three focuses on metacognition, self-regulation and feedback for object-oriented programming problem-solving. Chapter Four discusses a learning integrated approach to developing metacognition in school. Chapter Five highlights strategies which can be used to develop metacognition in classical dance classes. Chapter Six investigates the effectiveness of reciprocal and self-check teaching style in promoting metacognition in physical education classes.
Author: Simon Baron-Cohen
Publisher: OUP Oxford
ISBN: 0191668796
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 525
Get Book Here
Book Description
This book comprises 26 exciting chapters by internationally renowned scholars, addressing the central psychological process separating humans from other animals: the ability to imagine the thoughts and feelings of others, and to reflect on the contents of our own mindsa theory of mind (ToM). The four sections of the book cover developmental, cultural, and neurobiological approaches to ToM across different populations and species. The chapters explore the earliest stages of development of ToM in infancy, and how plastic ToM learning is; why 3-year-olds typically fail false belief tasks and how ToM continues to develop beyond childhood into adulthood; the debate between simulation theory and theory theory; cross-cultural perspectives on ToM and how ToM develops differently in deaf children; how we use our ToM when we make moral judgments, and the link between emotional intelligence and ToM; the neural basis of ToM measured by evoked response potentials, functional magnetic resonance imaging, and studies of brain damage; emotional vs. cognitive empathy in neuropsychiatric conditions such as autism, schizophrenia, and psychopathy; the concept of self in autism and teaching methods targeting ToM deficits; the relationship between empathy, the pain matrix and the mirror neuron system; the role of oxytocin and fetal testosterone in mentalizing and empathy; the heritability of empathy and candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with empathy; and ToM in non-human primates. These 26 chapters represent a masterly overview of a field that has deepened since the first edition was published in 1993.
Author: Gary B. Mesibov
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0306476797
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 136
Get Book Here
Book Description
This volume, the first in the series, explores the high-functioning group of people within the spectrum of autism disorders. It is the culmination of over a decade of clinical work and research, including the most current information available about this group. Written in a style that is accessible to both seasoned clinicians and concerned lay persons, this volume is a unique resource.
