Ethnicity and Wage Determination in Ghana PDF Download
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Author: Abigail Barr
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Discriminacion racial - Ghana
Languages : en
Pages : 48
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Book Description
Author: Abigail Barr
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Discriminacion racial - Ghana
Languages : en
Pages : 48
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Abigail Barr
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 42
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Book Description
In Ghana's manufacturing sector, workers tend to be employed by members of their own ethnic group, and different ethnic groups run very different types of enterprises. Employers favor their relatives in pay and in job allocation, possibly because they are more productive. There is no evidence of pay discrimination between ethnic groups. Barr and Oduro look at earnings differentials between members of different ethnic groups and between employers' relatives, unrelated members of the same ethnic group, and other workers in Ghana's manufacturing sector. They find that a significant proportion of the earnings differentials identified between ethnic groups can be explained with reference to a fairly standard set of observations about workers' characteristics. Labor market segregation along ethnic lines - combined with considerable variation in employers' characteristics (especially educational attainment and family background, possibly because of discrimination in other markets) - accounts for most of the remaining differentials.Northerners earn considerably less than other groups mainly because they are less educated. The Other Akan earn much more than the relatively low-earning Asante, Fante, and Ewe. There is no evidence of discrimination between ethnic groups, although there is evidence of discrimination in favor of inexperienced workers from the same ethnic group, who can be assessed and matched with jobs more easily than similar workers from other ethnic groups.Finally, workers who are related to their employers earn a considerable premium, possibly because they contribute more to productivity than their fellow workers (perhaps through an effect on esprit de corps). The authors' results draw attention to some startling differences in educational and labor market attainment between groups. A strong case can be made for including such issues in the policy debate.This paper - a product of Macroeconomics and Growth, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the role of ethnicity in labor market outcomes and entrepreneurial success in Africa. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project quot;The Economics of Ethnicity and Entrepreneurship in Africa.quot.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 594
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 56
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Book Description
Author: Vinod Thomas
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Coeficiente de Gini
Languages : en
Pages : 42
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Book Description
Equal access to education is a basic human right. But in many countries gaps in education between various groups are staggering. An education Gini index -- a new indicator for the distribution of human capital and welfare -- facilitates comparison of education inequality across countries and over time.
Author: Philippe De Vreyer
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821397826
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 463
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Book Description
Although labor is usually the unique asset upon which poor people can make a living, little is known about the functioning of labor markets in Sub-Saharan Africa. The purpose of this volume is to contribute to the building of knowledge in this area. In this book, the authors use a unique set of identical and simultaneous labor force surveys conducted in seven capitals of Western Africa, as well as in some other African countries (Cameroon, Madagascar, Democratic Republic of Congo) in the 2000s. They present innovative and original results on how people are faring in these labour markets, using up-to-date econometric and statistical methods. Because so little is known about labor markets in the region, each chapter starts with detailed descriptive statistics that aim to shed light onto specific aspects of African urban labor markets. Comparisons between the ten cities are systematically carried out. Descriptive sections are followed by in-depth analyses on various issues. The book is divided into four parts that examine 13 topics. Part I presents the main stylised facts, which are investigated further in a more analytical way throughout the volume. Part II focuses on job quality and labor market conditions, such as unemployment and underemployment, vulnerability, and job satisfaction. Part III explores the many dimensions of labor market inequalities through various lenses, such as returns on education, segmentation, life-cycle inequality (with a particular focus on old age), inter-generational mobility, time related inequality, and gender and ethnic earnings discrimination. Part IV addresses some key coping mechanisms and private responses, with a focus on migration and child labor. The book concludes with recommendations for future research.
Author: Betsy Haynes
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0606084967
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 46
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Book Description
Stranded at an inn during a blizzard, Matt enjoys the snow and the time off from school until he learns that the innkeeper and all the other guests are really aliens who have come to Earth to study human life.
Author: Pierre-Richard Agénor
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Economic stabilization
Languages : en
Pages : 100
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Book Description
In the past few years, a number of central banks have adopted inflation targeting for monetary policy. The author provides an introduction to inflation targeting, with an emphasis on analytical issues, and the recent experience of middle- and high-income developing countries (which have relatively low inflation to begin with, and reasonably well-functioning financial markets). After presenting a formal analytical framework, the author discusses the basic requirements for inflation targeting, and how such a regime differs from money, and exchange rate targeting regimes. After discussing the operational framework for inflation targeting (including the price index to monitor the time horizon, the forecasting procedures, and the role of asset prices), he examines recent experiences with inflation targets, providing new evidence on the convexity of the Phillips curve for six developing countries. His conclusions: Inflation targeting is a flexible policy framework that allows a country's central bank to exercise some degree of discretion, without putting in jeopardy its main objective of maintaining stable prices. In middle- and high-income developing economies that can refrain from implicit exchange rate targeting, it can improve the design, and performance of monetary policy, compared with other policy approaches that central banks may follow. Not all countries may be able to satisfy the technical requirements (such as adequate price data, adequate understanding of the links between instruments, and targets of monetary policy, and adequate forecasting capabilities), but such requirements should not be overstated. Forecasting capability can never be perfect, and sensible projections always involve qualitative judgment. More important, and often more difficult, is the task of designing, or improving an institutional framework that would allow the central bank to pursue the goal of low, stable inflation, while maintaining the ability to stabilize fluctuations in output.
Author: William Easterly
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0202080110
Category : Banco Mundial
Languages : en
Pages : 36
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Book Description
There is some evidence that IMF and World Bank adjustment lending smooths consumption for the poor, reducing the rise in poverty for any given contraction of the economy but also reducing the fall in poverty for any given expansion. Adjustment lending plays a similar role as inequality, reducing poverty's sensitivity to the economy's aggregate growth rate.
Author: Gunnar S. Eskeland
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 38
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Book Description
Pigou's conjecture was that under costly taxation public expenditures should not reach the point where marginal benefits equal marginal costs. In the treatment here, public expenditures (and environmental protection) may provide public goods for consumption but also collective inputs for production. When the benefits are in production, the cost of funds is irrelevant. Why? Collective inputs benefit goods that are taxed, while for public goods the shadow price of funds reduces provision as if they were.
