Author: Uditha Nandun Galgamuwa
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Lane-departure crashes are the most predominant crash type in Kansas which causes very high number of motor vehicle fatalities. Therefore, the Kansas Department of Transportation (KDOT) has implemented several different types of countermeasures to reduce the number of motor vehicle fatalities associated with lane-departure crashes. This research was conducted to estimate the safety effectiveness of commonly used lane-departure countermeasures in Kansas on all crashes and lane-departure crashes using Crash Modification Factors (CMFs). Paved shoulders, rumble strips, safety edge treatments and median cable barriers were identified as the commonly used lane-departure countermeasures on both tangent and curved road segments while chevrons and post-mounted delineators were identified as the most commonly used lane-departure countermeasures on curved road segments. This research proposes a state-of-art method of estimating CMFs using cross-sectional data for chevrons and post-mounted delineators. Furthermore, another state-of-art method is proposed in this research to estimate CMFs for safety edge treatments using before-and-after data. Considering the difficulties of finding the exact date of implementation of each countermeasure, both cross-sectional and before-and-after studies were employed to estimate the CMFs. Cross-sectional and case-control methods, which are the two major methods in cross-sectional studies were employed to estimate CMFs for paved shoulders, rumble strips, and median cable barriers. The conventional cross-sectional and case-control methods were modified when estimating CMFs for chevrons and post-mounted delineators by incorporating environmental and human behaviors in addition to geometric and traffic-related explanatory variables. The proposed method is novel and has not been used in the previous cross-sectional models available in the literature. Generalized linear regression models assuming negative binomial error structure were used to develop models for cross-sectional method to estimate CMFs while logistic regression models were used to estimate CMFs using case-control method. Results showed that incorporating environmental and human-related variables into cross-sectional models provide better model fit than in conventional cross-sectional models. To validate the developed models for cross-sectional method, mean of the residuals and the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) were used. For the case-control method, Receiver Operational Characteristic (ROC) was used to evaluate the predictive power of models for a binary outcome using classification tables. However, it was seen that the case-control method is not suitable for estimating CMFs for all crashes since the range of the crash frequency is wide in each road segment. A regression-based method of estimating CMFs using before-and-after data was proposed to estimate CMFs for safety edge treatments. This method allows researchers to identify the safety effectiveness of an individual CMFs on road segments where multiple treatments have been applied at the same time. Since this method uses road geometric and traffic-related characteristics in addition to countermeasure information as the explanatory variables, the model itself would be the Safety Performance Function (SPF). Therefore, developing new SPF is not necessary. Finally, the CMFs were estimated using before-and-after Empirical Bayes method to validate the results from the regression-based method. The results of this study can be used as a decision-making tool when implementing lane-departure countermeasures on similar roadways in Kansas. Even though there are readily available CMFs from the national level studies, having more localized CMFs will be beneficial due to differences in traffic-related and geometric characteristics on different roadways.
Author: Amin Akhnoukh
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030798011
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1211
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Book Description
This volume focuses on recent advances in the planning, design, construction and management of new and existing roads with a particular focus on safety, sustainability and resilience. It discusses field experience through case studies and pilots presented by leading international subject-matter specialists. Chapters were selected from the 18th International Road Federation World Meeting & Exhibition, Dubai 2021.
Author: American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. Task Force for Roadside Safety
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Roads
Languages : en
Pages : 560
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Book Description
Author: Elias T. Krainski
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0429629850
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 284
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Book Description
Modeling spatial and spatio-temporal continuous processes is an important and challenging problem in spatial statistics. Advanced Spatial Modeling with Stochastic Partial Differential Equations Using R and INLA describes in detail the stochastic partial differential equations (SPDE) approach for modeling continuous spatial processes with a Matérn covariance, which has been implemented using the integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA) in the R-INLA package. Key concepts about modeling spatial processes and the SPDE approach are explained with examples using simulated data and real applications. This book has been authored by leading experts in spatial statistics, including the main developers of the INLA and SPDE methodologies and the R-INLA package. It also includes a wide range of applications: * Spatial and spatio-temporal models for continuous outcomes * Analysis of spatial and spatio-temporal point patterns * Coregionalization spatial and spatio-temporal models * Measurement error spatial models * Modeling preferential sampling * Spatial and spatio-temporal models with physical barriers * Survival analysis with spatial effects * Dynamic space-time regression * Spatial and spatio-temporal models for extremes * Hurdle models with spatial effects * Penalized Complexity priors for spatial models All the examples in the book are fully reproducible. Further information about this book, as well as the R code and datasets used, is available from the book website at http://www.r-inla.org/spde-book. The tools described in this book will be useful to researchers in many fields such as biostatistics, spatial statistics, environmental sciences, epidemiology, ecology and others. Graduate and Ph.D. students will also find this book and associated files a valuable resource to learn INLA and the SPDE approach for spatial modeling.
Author: Dominique Lord
Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing
ISBN: 1787148920
Category : Transportation
Languages : en
Pages : 511
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Book Description
This book increases the level of knowledge on road safety contexts, issues and challenges; shares what can currently be done to address the variety of issues; and points to what needs to be done to make further gains in road safety.
Author: Paulo Mendonça
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030945146
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 536
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Book Description
This book gathers the proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Architecture, Materials and Construction (ICAMC), held in Lisbon, Portugal on October 27-29, 2021. ICAMC serves as an international forum for the presentation of the latest technological advances and research results in the fields of architecture and urban planning, civil and structural engineering, and materials manufacturing and processing. As such, it explores highly diverse topics, including innovative construction technologies (computer and digital manufacturing) and materials (polymers, composites, etc.); traditional materials (glass, wood, steel, concrete, stone, brick, etc.) and its harmonic combination which can be achieved by evaluating their structural and non-structural properties; the key concepts of efficiency and sustainability related to the architectural design and engineering of new buildings; analysis, rehabilitation and restoration of buildings. The contributions, which were selected by means of a rigorous international peer-review process, highlight numerous exciting ideas that will spur novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaborations.
Author: Daniel Brod
Publisher: Transportation Research Board
ISBN: 0309283485
Category : Highway-railroad grade crossings
Languages : en
Pages : 119
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Book Description
"TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 755: Comprehensive Costs of Highway-Rail Grade Crossing Crashes describes a process for estimating the costs of highway-rail grade crossing crashes. A spreadsheet-based tool to facilitate use of the cost estimation process is available online." --Publisher description.
Author: European Conference of Ministers of Transport
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 296
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Book Description
This Report addresses the key issues surrounding traffic speed management and highlights the improvements in policy and operations needed to reduce the extent of speeding.
Author: Bhagwant Naraine Persaud
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Transportation
Languages : en
Pages : 88
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Book Description
TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 295: Statistical Methods in Highway Safety Analysis focus on the type of safety analysis required to support traditional engineering functions, such as the identification of hazardous locations and the development and evaluation of countermeasures. Analyses related specifically to driver and vehicle safety are not covered, but some statistical methods used in these areas are of relevance and are summarized where appropriate.
Author: Michael L. Stein
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461214947
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 263
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Book Description
A summary of past work and a description of new approaches to thinking about kriging, commonly used in the prediction of a random field based on observations at some set of locations in mining, hydrology, atmospheric sciences, and geography.
