Essays on the Effects of Banking Relationships PDF Download
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Author: CLaire Margaret Rosenfeld Cici
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 360
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Author: Claire Margaret Rosenfeld Cici
Publisher: ProQuest
ISBN: 9780549204336
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 176
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Author: CLaire Margaret Rosenfeld Cici
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 360
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Author: Malcolm Ian Wardlaw
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 232
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This dissertation examines issues in banking and the financing of corporate investment. The first chapter investigates the impact of changes in a bank's health on the investment behavior of its current borrowers for a panel of U.S. firms. I find that, after controlling for aggregate credit availability and the condition of outside banks, firms reduce their investment when the health of their primary bank deteriorates. This effect is only present while the firm maintains a borrowing relationship with the bank and does not appear to be driven by changes in region or industry specific investment opportunities. The health of the existing lender is more important for younger, more opaque firms with greater reliance on their primary bank. I also find that this effect became less significant after the early 1990s, suggesting that bank dependence appears to diminish during long periods of stability. However, results from the recent financial crisis show that healthy banking relationships remain very important to U.S. firm investment. The second chapter, adapted from joint work with Richard Lowery, examines the determinants of covenant structure in private debt contracts. While previous studies have demonstrated a relationship between firm characteristics and the overall strictness of loan contracts, few studies have examined why covenants are written on a range of accounting variables and what determines their selective use. Using a simple model of firm investment where firms face uncertain cash flows and investment opportunities, this essay characterizes the conditions under which it is optimal for a debt contract to specify a restriction on investment or to specify a minimum cash flow realization. Consistent with this model, empirical evidence demonstrates that the application of covenants based on these variables is not necessarily monotonic in firm risk. While the financially riskiest firms tend to employ capital expenditure covenants, cash flow and net worth covenants are most common among moderately risky firms with greater profitability and firms with stronger baking relationships. The results also highlight the importance of debt covenants in both mitigating agency frictions and maximizing the value of future private information.
Author: Hoai-Luu Nguyen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 129
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This thesis consists of three chapters on banking and local credit markets. The first chapter studies the relationship between bank-specific capital and credit access in a new setting: bank branch closings in markets where the branch network is dense. Existing regulation in the U.S. is targeted toward areas with few branches where closings inhibit physical access to the branch network. I show that, even in crowded markets, closings can have large effects on local credit supply. To generate plausibly exogenous variation in the incidence of closings, I use Census tract level data paired with a novel identification strategy that exploits within-county variation in exposure to post-merger consolidation. This instrument identifies the effect of closings that occur in close proximity to other branches. I find that closings have a prolonged negative impact on credit supply to local small businesses, but only a temporary effect on local mortgage lending. The number of new small business loans is 13% lower for several years, and this decline persists even after the entry of new banks. The decline in lending is highly localized, dissipating 8 miles out, and is concentrated in low-income and high-minority neighborhoods. These results show closings have large effects on local credit supply when lending is information-intensive and lender-specific relationships are difficult to replace. The second chapter (co-authored with Michael Greenstone and Alexandre Mas) estimates the effect of the reduction in credit supply that followed the 2008 financial crisis on the real economy. We predict county lending shocks using variation in pre-crisis bank market shares and estimated bank supply-shifts. Counties with negative predicted shocks experienced declines in small business loan originations, indicating that it is costly for these businesses to find new lenders. Using confidential microdata from the Longitudinal Business Database, we find that the 2007-2009 lending shocks accounted for statistically significant, but economically small, declines in both small firm and overall employment. Predicted lending shocks affected lending but not employment from 1997-2007. The third chapter uses a cash demand framework to model household credit decisions when there are both fixed and marginal costs associated with borrowing. In standard models of credit demand, the price associated with a loan is simply the interest rate. In reality, however, loan contracts encompass many dimensions that contribute to the effective price a household pays to borrow. Understanding how these other factors influence households' credit decisions is important for evaluating the impact of policy on household credit demand. I show, using data from Thailand, that the cash demand model matches many observed patterns of household behavior while providing a framework for understanding how tradeoffs between different costs drive borrowing decisions.
Author: Jeremy Crimmel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 210
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Banks warrant special attention because of the key role they play in providing liquidity to the market, transforming assets, managing risks, and monitoring borrowers. Over the past few decades, the US banking system consolidated considerably which resulted in a more concentrated system where the majority of assets are controlled by a few excessively large institutions. This dissertation examines concentration of the US banking sector and its relationship with the real economy, idiosyncratic bank stability, and financial market volatility. Chapter 1 investigates the association between banking concentration and the real economy through the bank failures channel. To this end, we build a system of equations that estimates the association between banking concentration and the real economy by employing quarterly U.S. data from 1984 through 2013. The first equation tests the association between bank concentration and the rate of bank failure using an autoregressive Poisson model which allows for more accurate estimates than linear models. The remaining three equations model respectively, real GDP growth, unemployment, and inflation as functions of the rate of bank failure. Three interesting results are obtained. First, there is a threshold below which increasing concentration causes a reduction in bank failures and above which an increase in failures. Second, as bank failures increase, economic growth slows while unemployment and inflation both increase. Third, our results imply that the U.S. banking system is more than twice as concentrated as the optimal level as determined by the minimum rate of bank failure and is having a detrimental effect on the real economy. Our results suggest that while the Dodd-Frank Act of 2010 introduced legislation aimed in part at restricting the level of banking concentration, additional reductions in concentration may be necessary to strengthen the economy. Chapter 2 investigates the association between banking concentration and idiosyncratic bank stability after the passage of the Riegle-Neal Interstate Banking and Branching Efficiency Act of 1994 into legislation. First, we model individual bank stability as a non-linear, as opposed to a linear, function of banking concentration allowing us to determine if rising concentration increases (decreases) bank stability up to a certain point and decreases (increases) it thereafter. Second, we differentiate between large and small banks by introducing an interaction term between concentration and bank size allowing us to determine if size-based differences alter the concentration-stability relationship. Third, we employ a fixed effects instrumental variable model and correct for reverse causality between bank stability and bank concentration. Our findings indicate that large and small banks react very differently to changes in concentration. As concentration exceeds a certain threshold, small banks become less stable, hold less capital, are less profitable, and hold more volatile portfolios. The results are the reverse for large banks. We also find that as concentration increases, large banks increasingly contribute to systemic risk, despite the fact that their idiosyncratic risk is reduced. Chapter 3 investigates the association between financial market volatility and banking concentration. Research on this relationship has been sparse and remains ambiguous. A main difficulty with achieving this task is the low frequency (quarterly) nature of the concentration data relative to the high frequency (daily) volatility data. To overcome this problem, we employ a GARCH-MIDAS volatility model which allows us to test the relationship between data with dissimilar frequencies. We consider the sample period 1986:1 to 2013:4. Our results indicate that higher levels of banking concentration are positively associated with higher volatility in the US stock, options, and corporate bond markets and negatively associated with the US government bond volatility. These finding fill a major void in the literature and have implications for regulators and policy makers.
Author: John Lynch (Ph. D. in finance)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Banks and banking
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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This dissertation contains three chapters on topics related to corporate finance and banking. The first two chapters explore how fiscal policy and bank branching deregulation can impact firms’ liquidity and credit constraints, while the third chapter looks at the relationships between executive status, compensation, masculinity, and language complexity. In the first chapter, I shed light on the complexity of liquidity injection programs by providing evidence on unintended consequences that arise when governments and central banks do not consider firm heterogeneity. Utilizing hand-collected, firm-level data from the Paycheck Protection Program, I show that government lending effectively reduced closures (the ultimate consequence of a liquidity shortfall), especially when received during the first two weeks of the program. However, I find that there was significant heterogeneity in the effectiveness of funds, resulting from the government’s broad-brush eligibility guidelines and differences in how firms process policy information. The implementation heavily relied on the banking system, which exacerbated the distributional effects by favoring firms with stronger customer capital. Overall, this chapter highlights the importance of the design of liquidity distribution to maximize its benefits. In the second chapter, I quantify the extent to which financial constraints limit the scope of activity of small firms, influence their labor decisions, and impact their ultimate survival. To study this, I first document how markets with bank branching deregulation experienced an increase in branches, driven by the entry of larger out-of-state banks with a decrease in existing branches. Consequently, small businesses were affected disproportionally. In the treated markets, the overall lending to small businesses declined by 5.4% and remained lower for several years. The decline in credit supply led to a decrease in the number of small businesses; however, many firms were able to stay open by decreasing their demand for labor. Specifically, I document decreases in employment, hours worked, and wages in treated markets. Overall, the results demonstrate the critical dependence of small businesses on relationship lending by local banks and show how temporary negative credit supply shocks can have persistent adverse effects on labor. In the third chapter, I use novel measures of CEO and CFO vocal masculinity and language complexity to gain insight into how these individual-level traits influence executive status and compensation both within and across genders. I find that vocal masculinity, within females, positively impacts their likelihood of becoming a CEO while the opposite is true for males. Furthermore, I find heterogeneity in these relationships depending on the gender composition of the board, the gender of the CFO, and the entrenchment level of a firm. When it comes to communication, CEOs speak with greater complexity than CFOs while both female CEOs and CFOs use more complex language and speak longer during earnings calls than their male counterparts. Finally, for both male and female CEOs, compensation is positively related to masculinity, while increased language complexity only matters for females. These results help provide insight into the determinants of CEO status and compensation and may help explain how boards view and reward perceived competency across genders.
Author: SangKun Bae
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Argentina
Languages : en
Pages : 352
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This dissertation presents three essays on the financial system, inflation, and growth. The first essay investigates the relationships between financial development, inflation, and economic growth. The cross-section analysis finds that the relationship between inflation and financial development is negative and nonlinear. The time series analysis by stage of inflation crisis finds that further increases in inflation have negative effects on financial development and growth in the beginning of the inflation crisis, while these relationships vanish at the closing stage of the crisis. Thus, these relationships depend on the stage of inflation. This is an advantage in this study, since use of cross-section data can not analyze the relationship between the stage of inflation and financial development. It is also found that, despite during the crises, if the roles of loans to the private sector and of loans by commercial bank can be established, higher growth is occurred. The second essay examines the hypotheses concerning the effects of money on real output using long, low frequency data for Argentina and Brazil. The annual data for Argentina are from 1884 to 1996 and for Brazil are from 1912 to 1995. Study of these countries is particularly interesting, since over the last century their experience has included extended periods of low inflation, decades of high inflation, and periods of hyperinflation. It is found that a rise in money growth is associated with a decline in output in both countries--the opposite of the Tobin effect. The introduction of intercept dummy variables to capture periods of bank insolvencies in Argentina and Brazil indicated that such episodes have a distinct and negative influence on output that is not captured by changes in the growth rate of the money aggregates. The third essay applies an ARFIMA model to investigate long-run neutrality and long-run superneutrality with monthly data including hyperinflation periods in Argentina, Brazil, and Peru. It is found that industrial production series in Argentina and Brazil are fractionally integrated processes as well as three alternative monetary aggregates in Argentina and Peru. Furthermore, in an ARFIMA framework for test of long-run neutrality, the results suggest that long-run neutrality of money holds in Argentina, Brazil, and Peru. Moreover, Peruvian data support long-run superneutrality in the ARFIMA framework.
Author: Woocheon Jeong
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Banks and banking
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Rita Biswas
Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing
ISBN: 1789733898
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 168
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Book Description
This volume, dedicated to John W. Kensinger, explores a variety of topics in financial economics, including firm growth, investment risks, and the profitability of the banking industry. With its global perspective, Essays in Financial Economics is a valuable addition to the bookshelf of any researcher in finance.
Author: Bjö Hilberg
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783832596415
Category : Electronic book
Languages : en
Pages : 122
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Book Description
Annotation This dissertation contributes to the theoretical and to the empirical literature on the relationship of banks and financial markets. The first two chapters consist of two theoretical studies which use different approaches to model the interaction of banks in the interbank market where liquidity is traded among banks in bilateral transactions. In the third chapter an empirical study assesses the degree of market discipline in the bank bond market which is an important source of debt-financing for banks. In the first chapter a heterogeneous banking sector is incorporated into a dynamic, stochastic, general equilibrium framework with financial frictions to analyze the effects of a central bank's collateral policy on interbank lending volumes. In the second chapter a partial equilibrium model of a bank's lending decision in the interbank market is developed. If lenders are assumed to possess only imperfect information about individual borrower characteristics there exists a relationship between the uncertainty about counterparty risk and the level of interbank lending activity. In the third chapter a panel data set of bank bond spreads and bank-specific risk factors is constructed and a structural break analysis is employed to assess the sensitivity of a bank's funding costs in the bond market to changes in its balance sheet risk.
