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Author: Enkhtuvshin Gunchinsuren
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 145
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Book Description
In the third essay, I analyze effects of closing gender gap in tertiary education on aggregate human capital and income per capita. Opportunity of obtaining high education had historically been privileges granted predominately to men. As recently as 1950, on average only 19% of the people with tertiary education were women in today's OECD countries. This number increased to 49.5% in 2010. How does empowerment of women allowing them to obtain higher education affect aggregate human capital and economic growth? I seek answers to this question using simple model with heterogeneous individuals differing in their innate abilities. I find that, compared with low income countries, today's high income countries experienced greater degree of empowerment between 1970 and 2010, and enjoyed economic growth ensuing from allowing high ability women to enhance their abilities through education. The model suggests that growth of human capital due to empowerment is equivalent to about one-third of the growth of human capital due to increases in educational attainment.
Author: Enkhtuvshin Gunchinsuren
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 145
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Book Description
In the third essay, I analyze effects of closing gender gap in tertiary education on aggregate human capital and income per capita. Opportunity of obtaining high education had historically been privileges granted predominately to men. As recently as 1950, on average only 19% of the people with tertiary education were women in today's OECD countries. This number increased to 49.5% in 2010. How does empowerment of women allowing them to obtain higher education affect aggregate human capital and economic growth? I seek answers to this question using simple model with heterogeneous individuals differing in their innate abilities. I find that, compared with low income countries, today's high income countries experienced greater degree of empowerment between 1970 and 2010, and enjoyed economic growth ensuing from allowing high ability women to enhance their abilities through education. The model suggests that growth of human capital due to empowerment is equivalent to about one-third of the growth of human capital due to increases in educational attainment.
Author: Chun Kei Tsang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : China
Languages : en
Pages : 203
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Book Description
This thesis aims at studying the issues of economic structure and resource allocation in development. Chapter 1 provides an introduction to economic development and gives an overview of this thesis. Chapter 2 reviews some theories and models about economic structure and structural change and points out that resource allocation is a critical factor in changing the economic structure. Five characteristics of economic structure and structural change are summarized. Essay 1 in Chapter 3 investigates the relationship between competitiveness and economic growth. Adopting the Global Competitiveness Index to represent competitiveness, we empirically show that there is a two-way causal relationship between competitiveness and economic growth. We further identify that the relationship between competitiveness and economic growth change in different development stages. Specifically, better competitiveness can enhance economic growth but not vice versa in developing countries. We therefore relate such a difference to the ability to transform resources into competitiveness. This is fundamentally a question about resource allocation. Finally, we link structural change with economic growth and show that enhancing competitiveness is equivalent to improving the capacity to change the economic structure. Essay 2 in Chapter 4 studies the impacts of sub-optimal resource allocation on economic growth by applying a new model to the case of the effectiveness of official development assistance (ODA). This new model analyzes economic growth through structural change by the difference between the observed and optimal levels of competitiveness. Regarding the positive and negative impacts of foreign aid on the receiving country in the literature, we show that the net impact of ODA depends on the value of bias caused by inefficient allocation of resources and the adoption of a biased value system. As a result, both positive and negative views of ODA in the literature are somewhat correct. In principle, ODA does work in the sense of helping needy countries providing they can allocate such additional resources efficiently. The cruel truth is that most receivers of ODA are unable to transform these resources to productive uses and even lower their economic growth. The development aid country donors or global institutions may therefore have to review their existing policy for granting aid.Essay 3 in Chapter 5 introduces a new framework to study two important structural issues in China: regional fragmentation and ownership distortion. We extend the output-oriented structural efficiency measure to include subgroups to evaluate potential gains of improving resource allocation within and among subgroups. The new framework is then applied to China’s industrial sector. Applying our new method for policymaking, the empirical results advocate prioritizing ownership reform over regional reform in China. Specifically, by improving resource allocation among different ownerships, outputs of the whole industrial sector can be increased by 21% of the observed level. In contrast, the potential gains of reallocating resources between western and non-western regions are less than 1%. Such a conclusion cannot be drawn from other existing models of efficiency analysis. Finally, Chapter 6 concludes the whole thesis.
Author: E. J. Mishan
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1136629556
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 293
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Book Description
First published in 1981, Professor Mishan’s Economic Efficiency and Social Welfare: Selected Essays on Fundamental Aspects of the Economic Theory of Social Welfare is a collection of 22 pioneering essays written while the author was teaching at the London School of Economics and chosen to indicate landmarks in the development of his own thought. Professor Mishan, who also enjoys an international reputation as a popular writer on the impact of modern economic growth on social welfare, is among the foremost authorities in the field of resource allocation, and his influence in his subject area has been profound. Mishan’s essays, while generally accessible to the layman due to the author’s lucidity, his economy in the use of mathematical notation and his concern with perspective, are invaluable reading for the economics undergraduate. The essays are particularly relevant to upper level students of project appraisal, welfare economics and cost benefit analysis requiring a coherent survey of their field of study.
Author: Hollis B. Chenery
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 1483257916
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 611
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Book Description
Economic Structure and Performance: Essays in Honor of Hollis B. Chenery briefly reviews the work of Hollis Chenery in the field of economics. This book discusses the underlying themes in Chenery's work, including structure, strategy, adjustment, and models. Organized into four parts encompassing 26 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the patterns of structural change and their relation to growth. This text then examines the objectives, measures, and implementation of policy, as well as administrative capabilities and cultural characteristics. Other chapters compare Chenery's econometric analysis of development patterns with the historical analyses and suggest that the two approaches complement each other. This book discusses as well the persistence of disequilibrium in segments of the economy. The final chapter deals with simple criteria for detecting critical interdependencies and a formula for measuring their welfare consequences. This book is a valuable resource for economists, industrialists, foreign capitalists, and social scientists.
Author: Zhenhua Chen
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811514356
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 568
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Book Description
This book examines major policy and planning issues in development studies from the regional science perspective. It investigates questions such as: “How are communities able to deal with uncertainties raised by conflicts, technology, and external shocks in the process of development?”; “How can nations achieve sustainable development in terms of resource allocation and management?”; and “How can developing countries improve their economic competitiveness while maintaining the objectives of equitable and coordinated growth among different regions?” using case studies that focus on different subfields, like infrastructure, environment, data science, sustainability and resilience. The book is organized in three parts. Part I clarifies fundamental issues regarding development studies and regional science in general, while Part II includes several case studies that address development-related opportunities and challenges with a focus on Asian countries. Lastly, Part III offers a global perspective and explores development experiences from countries throughout the world. Featuring contributions by leading academics and practitioners working at various organizations linked to international development, and including multidisciplinary analyses, the book appeals to students who are interested in development studies and regional science. It also offers planners and policymakers fresh insights into regional economic development.
Author: National Bureau of Economic Research
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 1400879760
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 647
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Book Description
The papers here range from description and analysis of how our political economy allocates its inventive effort, to studies of the decision making process in specific industrial laboratories. Originally published in 1962. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Author: Michael Frei
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3656472297
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 14
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Book Description
Essay from the year 2009 in the subject Economics - Economic Cycle and Growth, grade: 31 von 31, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano (School of Economics and Management), language: English, abstract: In his speech at the Inaugural Convention of the African Federation of Human Resource Management Association in Botswana, Professor David Abulai (2008) stated that quality and quantity of human capital is becoming increasingly evident for the economic development of nations in today’s knowledge era. In fact the world of today is influenced by steady technological and scientific progress; by means of these new developments the socio-economic conditions in which people live are increasingly improving. Nevertheless a big part of the world is still lagging behind and social and economic distinctions still exist and developing countries are trying to catch up. Professor Abulai (2008) argued that the key to this catching up in development is the population itself, which has to be educated, healthy and qualified in order to deal with new scientific and technological inventions and to exploit this new opportunities in the best possible way. The aim of this paper will be in the first part to analyze the impact of education, human capital and knowledge for economic growth and development. In the second part of this paper the incorporation of human capital into endogenous growth models will be examined, focusing on the two main branches of growth analysis pioneered by Romer (1990) and Lucas (1988).
Author: P. Prasad
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401174997
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 180
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Book Description
That a developing economy needs management even more than resources is now becoming abundantly clear to all students of growth. There was perhaps a facile assumption in the earlier years that the rate of growth in a developing country depended in almost direct proportion to two factors: the resources available within the country, the land, water, minerals, savings and other relevant inputs; and the initial importation of aid from without, in terms of capital and skills not available within - but the factor of good management was somehow ignored, as also the attitudes of the people and their leadership to growth. These two factors are now coming into their own as being crucial to development and there is a new appreciation of the need for a good supply of well trained managers and providing them with an environment that is permissive and encouraging. These essays are a timely analysis of this new-felt need, and a valuable source of new leads and hypotheses, for they examine the multi-facets of the problem of India's growth, but with keeping the professional manager squarely in the middle of the study. And after all it is he upon whom the major responsibility for develop ment and growth will depend, given the chance. The contributors to this symposium are seven young Indians, all management educators of distinction at universities in the United States, and one hopes that they will themselves pick up some of the leads and pursue them. P. L.
Author: Moses Abramovitz
Publisher: Stanford Studies in History, E
ISBN: 9780804705691
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 244
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Book Description
Author: Ernst U.von Weizsacker
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1134177542
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 353
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Book Description
Since the industrial revolution, progress has meant an increase in labour productivity. Factor Four describes a new form of progress, resource productivity, a form which meets the overriding imperative for the future (sustainability). It shows how at least four times as much wealth can be extracted from the resources we use. As the authors put it, the book is about doing more with less, but this is not the same as doing less, doing worse or doing without. In 1972, the Club of Rome published Limits to Growth, which sent shock waves around the world by arguing that we were rapidly running out of essential resources. This Report to the Club of Rome offers a solution. It lies in using resources more efficiently, in ways which can already be achieved, not at a cost, but at a profit. The book contains a wealth of examples of revolutionizing productivity, in the use of energy; from hypercars to low-energy beef; materials, from sub-surface drip irrigation to electronic books, transport, video conferencing to CyberTran, and demonstrating how much more could be generated from much less today. It explains how markets can be organized and taxes re-based to eliminate perverse incentives and reward efficiency, so wealth can grow while consumption does not. The benefits are enormous: profits will increase, pollution and waste will decrease and the quality of life will improve. Moreover, the benefits will be shared: progress will no longer depend on making ever fewer people more productive. Instead, more people and fewer resources can be employed. While for many developing countries the efficiency revolution may offer the only realistic chance of prosperity within a reasonable time span. The practical promise held out in this book is huge, but the authors show how it is up to each of us, as well as to businesses and governments, to make it happen.
