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Author: Davide Tomio
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Davide Tomio
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Davide Tomio
Publisher:
ISBN: 9788793579163
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 193
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Author: Markus Baldauf
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Trading in public equity markets has changed drastically over the past decade: it has become largely automated and orders of magnitudes faster, and it has become spread out across many venues. This dissertation investigates how this transformation has affected market outcomes. Chapter 1 investigates the effect of the proliferation of exchanges on the bid-ask spread. The welfare consequences of increased exchange competition are theoretically ambiguous. While com- petition does place downward pressure on the bid-ask spread, this force may be outweighed by increased adverse selection of liquidity providers that stems from additional arbitrage opportunities. We investigate this ambiguity empirically by estimating key parameters of the model using detailed trading data from Australia. The benefits of increased competition are outweighed by the costs of multi-venue arbitrage. Compared to the prevailing duopoly, we predict that the counterfactual spread under a monopoly would be 23 percent lower. Further, market design variations on the continuous limit order book would eliminate profits from cross-venue arbitrage strategies and reduce the spread by 51 percent. Finally, eliminating off-exchange trades, so-called dark trading, would reduce the spread by 11 percent. Chapter 2 studies the effect of trading speed on market outcomes in a setting where information acquisition is endogenous. An increase in trading speed crowds out information acquisition by reducing the gains from trading against mispriced quotes. Thus, faster speeds have two effects on traditional measures of market performance. First, the bid-ask spread declines, since there are fewer informational asymmetries. Second, price efficiency deteriorates, since less information is available to be incorporated into prices. A general tradeoff exists between low spreads and price efficiency. We characterize the frontier of this tradeoff and evaluate several trading mechanisms within this framework. The prevalent limit order book mechanism generally does not induce outcomes on this frontier. We consider two alternatives: first, a small delay added to the processing of all orders except cancellations, and second, frequent batch auctions. Both induce equilibrium outcomes on this frontier. Chapter 3 investigates the consequences of information arrival on market outcomes in an environment where both high-frequency traders and slow traders engage in liquidity provision. To that end, we develop a model that predicts that fast traders achieve a relative increase in profits obtained from liquidity provision following a news event, which they achieve both by (i) trading smaller volumes at mispriced quotes, and (ii) winning the race to supply liquidity at updated quotes. We find strong support for these model predictions using data from NASDAQ and the Toronto Stock Exchange. The identification strategy is based on an unanticipated news event in which the Twitter feed of the Associated Press falsely reported a successful terrorist attack.
Author: Jiang Zhang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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This dissertation research comprises three essays. In the first essay, we study the impact of high-frequency trading on market fairness and efficiency. The implementation of the Arrowhead Renewal on the Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE) in 2015 reduced latency from 1 millisecond to less than 0.5 milliseconds and led to an increase in high-frequency tradingas proxied by the cancel-to-trade ratioof 34%, We find that the number of incidents of marking-the-close declined by 17%, indicating that market fairness improves. We find that for high-tick-size and high-market-capitalization stocks market efficiency improves, but for low-tick-size and low-market-capitalization stocks, it does not. In the second essay, we test the implications of competing theories on liquidity dynamics during extreme price movements (EPMs). Our findings indicate that market makers strategically allow for price pressures and earn compensation from pricing errors. As a result, liquidity provision intensifies towards the end of an average EPM. This goes counter to a widespread concern that market-making constraints cause the deterioration of liquidity as EPMs develop. Finally, we demonstrate that limit order book dynamics during EPMs are in line with a socially beneficial equilibrium. In the third essay, we revisit the tax-loss selling hypothesis as a potential explanation of the well-known January effect in securities markets. We expand the empirical evidence from municipal bond closed-end funds by extending the sample period by almost 20 years and adding exchange-traded funds to the sample. Our updated sample covers the recent growth of municipal bond ETFs and a significant increase in municipal bond trading volume and liquidity. Both developments reduce arbitrage costs and thus are expected to increase tax-loss selling in the funds and increase the transmission of price effects to the underlying bonds. We find that the January effect of municipal bond closed-end funds becomes stronger in more recent years, and show evidence that largely supports the tax-loss hypothesis. We also find some evidence indicating a smaller discrepancy between the abnormal returns of the funds and underlying bonds..
Author: Liang Guo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 222
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My dissertation looks at the liquidity issues in the fixed-income markets during the recent subprime crisis. It contains three chapters. The recent crisis has resulted in many observed deviations in relative asset price. The first two chapters study how liquidity crisis affects the relative asset pricing in the fixed-income market. Chapter 1 looks at two relative assets, Credit default swap (CDS) and its corresponding reference corporate bond, and I observe huge negative deviations in the arbitrage based parity relationship between CDS price and corresponding corporate bond yield spreads for the period 6/2008 to 9/2009. And Chapter 2 examines credit spreads between corporate bond yields and treasury bond yields. I found some instance of negative credit spreads during the financial crisis. However, all those observations in these two chapters are not consistent with the arbitrage-based pricing theory and, therefore, have drawn the attention of policy makers and market participants alike. In those two chapters I propose that arbitrage trading is also risky and constraint. In particular, I focus on the types of liquidity-funding and asset specific liquidity and their role in determining relative asset prices. I provide the empirical evidence that the observation of arbitrage mispricing between two relative assets in the credit risk market can be explained by the funding liquidity constraints and asset specific liquidity constraints during the recent financial crisis period. Collectively my analysis contributes to a recent debate regarding the impact of liquidity on relative asset prices. Chapter 3 investigates the impact of parameter uncertainty on corporate bond liquidity before and after the onset of the recent crisis. Using monthly corporate bond data for the period 2005 to 2010, firm level parameters implied by a structural model of corporate debt are used to construct proxies for parameter uncertainty. I find that uncertainty about firm parameters decreases trading volume but increases bid-ask spreads and pricing bouncing in the cross-section and across time. Parameter uncertainty increases during the crisis period, and negatively impacts market liquidity. But there is weak evidence that parameter uncertainty may help forecast liquidity in the corporate bond market. Collectively the empirical results provide a rationale for time-varying liquidity dynamics in the corporate bond market.
Author: Yangqiulu Luo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Finance
Languages : en
Pages :
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This dissertation consists of two essays on empirical asset pricing. The first essay examines if the idiosyncratic risk is priced. Theories such as Merton (1987) predict that idiosyncratic risk should be priced when investors do not diversify their portfolio. However, the previous literature has presented a mixed set of results of the pricing of idiosyncratic risk. We find strong evidence that idiosyncratic risk is priced differently across bull and bear markets. For the sample period from June 1946 to the end of 2010, a factor portfolio long on stocks with high idiosyncratic volatility and short on stocks with low idiosyncratic volatility yields an equal-weighted monthly return of 1.59% for bull markets but -1.29% for bear markets. These evidences support the hypothesis that investors are rewarded for betting on individual stocks during bull markets and holding more diversified portfolios during bear markets. The second essay examines the role of the limits to arbitrage in the negative effect of liquidity on subsequent stock returns. I hypothesize that if the negative effect persists because of the limits to arbitrage, the effect should be more pronounced when there are more severe limits to arbitrage. My empirical evidence supports the hypothesis. In addition, I find that the effect of the limits to arbitrage on the liquidity anomaly is not correlated to the liquidity risk.
Author: Daejin Kim
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Arbitrage
Languages : en
Pages : 135
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Author: Markus Gsell
Publisher: Columbia University Press
ISBN: 3838261143
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 227
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Technological innovations are altering the traditional value chain in securities trading. Hitherto the order handling, i.e. the appropriate implementation of a general trading decision into particular orders, has been a core competence of brokers. Labeled as Algorithmic Trading, the automation of this task recently found its way both into the brokers' portfolio of service offerings as well as to their customers' trading desks. The software performing the order handling thereby constantly monitors the market(s) in real-time and further evaluates historical data to dynamically determine appropriate points in time for trading. Within only a few years, this technology propagated itself among market participants along the entire value chain and has nowadays gained a significant market share on securities markets worldwide. Surprisingly, there has been only little research analyzing the impact of this special type of trading on markets. Markus Gsell's book aims at closing this gap by analyzing the drivers for adoption of this technology, the impact the application of this technology has on markets on a macro level, i.e. how the market outcome is affected, as well as on a micro level, i.e. how the exhibited trading behavior of these automated traders differs from normal traders' behavior.
Author: Jun Deng
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Arbitrage
Languages : en
Pages : 266
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This thesis develops three major essays on Arbitrage Theory, Market's Viability and Informational Markets. The first essay (Chapter 3) elaborates the exact connections among the No-Unbounded-Profit-with-Bounded-Risk (called NUPBR hereafter) condition, the existence of the numeraire portfolio, and market's weak/local viability. These tight relationships together with the financial crisis become our principal financial/economic leitmotif for the development of the next essay. In the second essay (Chapter 4 - Chapter 6), we focus on quantifying with extreme precision the effect of some additional information/uncertainty on the non-arbitrage concepts. As a result, we describe the interplay of this extra information and the market's parameters for these non-arbitrage concepts to be preserved. Herein, we focus on the classical no-arbitrage and the NUPBR condition. This study contains two main parts. In the first part of this essay (Chapter 4), we analyze practical examples of market models and extra information/uncertainty, for which we construct explicit "classical" arbitrage opportunities generated by the extra infor- mation/uncertainty. These examples are built in Brownian filtration and in Poisson filtration as well. The second part (Chapters 5 and 6) addresses the NUPBR condition in two different directions. On the one hand, we describe the pairs of market model and random time for which the resulting informational market model fulfills the NUPBR condition. On the other hand, we characterize the random time models that preserve the NUPBR condition. These results are elaborated for general market models with special attention to practical models such as discrete-time and Levy market models. The last essay (Chapter 7) investigates the effect of additional information on the Structure Conditions. These conditions are the alternatives to the non-arbitrage and viability assumption in the Markowitz settings.
Author: John Brendan McDermott
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Investments
Languages : en
Pages : 446
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