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Author: Erwin R. Tiongson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 410
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Author: Erwin R. Tiongson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 410
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Author: Steffen Sirries
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Abhishek Rai
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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My dissertation consists of three chapters on trade and migration. In Chapter 1, I argue that it is crucial to distinguish temporary migration from permanent migration for estimating the aggregate and local welfare effects of migration frictions. This is because workers migrating temporarily leave their families behind, and thus economic conditions both at origin and destination matter for the destination choice and household welfare of temporary migrants. To shed light on spatial and aggregate implications of temporary migration, I develop and quantify a quantitative spatial general equilibrium trade model that allows for permanent and temporary migration. Estimates suggest that relative to permanent migration, temporary migration matters 1.3 times more for average welfare and five times more for the welfare of the poorest 10% districts in Indian economy. I also find that shutting down temporary migration increases spatial inequality by 23% and reduces the average productivity in tradable sectors by 30%. Finally, ignoring temporary migration results in overestimating the average loss from redistributive policies and underestimating the gains to the poorest locations. In Chapter 2, I study the effect of reduction in internal trade cost on a firm's decision to make or purchase intermediate inputs, its productivity, and sales using a highway construction project in India. I first show that "make-or-buy" is an important margin of firm heterogeneity, and firm's choice of how much intermediate input it purchases from external suppliers is a function of input market access for the firm. Further, firms with better access to input suppliers are more productive and have higher sales. I then use a road construction program from India, the Golden Quadrilateral project (GQ), to show that firms along GQ faced lower input prices, purchased more inputs from external suppliers (along extensive as well as intensive margin), saw higher productivity and sales growth relative to firms located elsewhere. I argue that approximately two-thirds of differential productivity gains and two-fifths of differential sales growth resulting from GQ can be attributed to improved input market access. In Chapter 3, I test for the nature of supply-side linkages in multi-product firms with a particular focus on the 'core-competency' approach of Eckel and Neary(2010) and the 'span of control' approach of Nocke and Yeaple(2014). I use a simple model, where multi-product firms keep entering with products over their life cycle, to identify two implications: first the 'core-competency' approach would predict a systematic relation between product specific productivity and the sequence in which the firm would enter. In particular, the firm's initial product will have higher productivity than its later products. This seems to be the case in the data. The second implication, is there any effect on a firm's existing products when the firm introduces a new product, is more important because the two approaches give opposite predictions so this can help us in discriminating between the two models. While the 'core-competency' approach would predict no effect, the 'span-of-control' would imply negative effect. I first establish that introduction of a new product acts as a negative shock for the sale of firm's existing products. I consider several alternative mechanisms which could lead to the same effect and find that supply-side dis-economy of scope is empirically relevant. Hence, the empirical evidence appears consistent with the 'span-of-control' approach of Nocke and Yeaple(2014).
Author: Wim Klooster
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 9004176209
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 353
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The twelve essays explore three connected aspects of European expansion in the period between 1500 and 1900 - migration, trade, and slavery - with some attention given to present-day echoes from that era. The book's first section deals with European migration to transatlantic and Asian destinations, the second and third sections focus on the Atlantic slave trade and representations of slavery, and the final section analyzes the demise and legacy of slavery. The authors reach surprising conclusions: European expansion did not entail major economic benefits; the small scale of the Europeans' intercontinental migration never jeopardized their colonial projects; and the unique popular nature of British abolitionism can be explained in part by the growth of the newspaper press in the mid-eighteenth century, which regularly reported about slave ship revolts.
Author: Gary Lyn
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 109
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Author: Hyejin Ku
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 240
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Author: Jess William Gaspar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 268
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Author: István Tamás Kónya
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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The dissertation examines the interplay among migration, international trade and culture. The first two chapters analyze the role of culture in migration and foreign trade, and the third chapter explains how trade and migration can lead to large regional inequalities even in a small country. Chapter One uses a general equilibrium model of two countries to examine the role of cultural conflict in immigration and immigration policy. The equilibrium outcome is contrasted with the social planner's solution and policy recommendations are given. The main result is that immigration policy has to target the size and composition of immigration flows at the same time. It is shown that some popular policy tools that fail to take this into account result in suboptimal outcomes. The model also predicts that there are structural differences in immigration from developed, middle income and poor source countries. Thus an optimal immigration policy would be conditioned on the characteristics of the source country. Chapter Two studies a particular way to endogenize transportation costs that captures some basic properties of cultural and language barriers. In particular, cultural barriers can be overcome by learning, but the learning decision is subject to externalities and economies of scale. Thus learning decisions are in general inefficient and there is a role for the social planner to subsidize or tax learning. The model also predicts that under some circumstances it is beneficial for a country to tax learning unilaterally. This practice can be called "cultural protectionism", and it is similar in its mechanism to strategic trade policy. Thus the model can rationalize the attempt of some countries to promote their own language and culture over others. Chapter Three examines the interplay between migration and international trade. It explains how income differentials emerge between regions of a particular country as a consequence of foreign trade, and how these differentials are magnified by subsequent migration. The model introduces human capital heterogeneity and migration costs into an increasing-returns-to-scale trade framework with transportation costs. The main contribution of the model is to show that in the presence of human capital heterogeneity even a small migration flow can lead to large regional inequalities if it involves the most skilled. Thus even trivial geographical differences can lead to large regional inequalities in a short period of time, if migration of skilled people is taken into account.
Author: Cyrille Schwellnus
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Commercial policy
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Tetyana Surovtseva
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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