Essays in Relationship Banking and Small Business Lending PDF Download
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Author: Lori Nareen Santikian
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 346
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Author: Lori Nareen Santikian
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 346
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Author: Raymond L. Posey (Jr.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bank loans
Languages : en
Pages : 168
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This is a three-part dissertation, which provides a multi-faceted examination of loans and lending to small businesses in the US, which are a key source of economic and job growth. From a broad perspective, this work shows the interplay among various terms of lending, marked differences in lender behavior based on size and type, and a significant role of multiple loans/lenders in explaining loan delinquencies. Essay 1 examines the role of loan guarantees in lines of credit grated to small businesses. The presence of a loan guarantee is associated with lower interest rates and smaller lines of credit. There is some evidence that loan guarantees and collateral are substitutes. Firms with longer banking relationships and fewer banking relationships are less likely to have loan guarantees applied. Since there is some evidence of simultaneity in the data, appropriate econometric procedures are used to obtain consistent parameter estimates. Essay 2 examines differences in terms of lending among two sizes of banks and farm lenders for small loans. Large farm lenders do use more collateral than large bank lenders, but small banks use more collateral than small farm lenders. There is evidence that small banks use more collateral than large banks. All farm lenders appear to use similar levels of collateral, whereas small banks use more collateral than large banks. The determinants of collateral differ based on lender characteristics. For all sizes of farm lenders, the shorter the term of the loan, the more likely the use of non-real estate collateral, and vice versa. Essay 3 examines the determinants of farm loan delinquencies, and in particular, the influence of multiple loans and multiple lenders on delinquency. The number of lenders used by a borrower, the number of loans, and the product of the two are all positively related to loan delinquency. These factors are at least as significant as standard financial ratios in explaining loan delinquency. The most consistent finding regarding farm borrower delinquency is that borrowers who have been denied credit in the past five years are more likely to have a delinquent loan. It is also found that borrowers using more lenders appear to be able to bargain for lower interest rates.
Author: Ozgur Emre Ergungor
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bank loans
Languages : en
Pages : 236
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Author: Andrew Godley
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 9780714642666
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 130
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Book Description
This volume of essays begins from the observation that small firms often experience considerable difficulty in raising funds for expansion or investment. There may be a number of explanations for this, including the time and costs incurred by financial intermediaries in appraising applications for credit. These costs partly arise from the inability of market institutions to price effectively non-quantifiable components of a loan contract. The essays collected here explore a variety of alternatives in which networks have substituted for market transactions. They focus on the role of trust engendered by historical, cultural and geographical proximity, explore the possible conflicts of interest arising from business and social relationships and discuss the ways in which informal information can reduce the costs involved in sorting, screening and monitoring borrowers. The role of government in framing policies designed to aid small companies is also examined. The essays cover a wide range of material and marshall an impressive array of evidence on the role of information, trust and long-term relationships in easing the operation of credit markets. Applied to situations as diverse as the Swedish printing machinery industry in the twentieth century, contemporary Italian local banking, nineteenth-century bank lending in England and the Australasian pastoral industries before World War Two, a convincing case is made for looking beyond formal market relationships in attempting to understand the financing of small business.
Author: Hoai-Luu Nguyen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 129
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This thesis consists of three chapters on banking and local credit markets. The first chapter studies the relationship between bank-specific capital and credit access in a new setting: bank branch closings in markets where the branch network is dense. Existing regulation in the U.S. is targeted toward areas with few branches where closings inhibit physical access to the branch network. I show that, even in crowded markets, closings can have large effects on local credit supply. To generate plausibly exogenous variation in the incidence of closings, I use Census tract level data paired with a novel identification strategy that exploits within-county variation in exposure to post-merger consolidation. This instrument identifies the effect of closings that occur in close proximity to other branches. I find that closings have a prolonged negative impact on credit supply to local small businesses, but only a temporary effect on local mortgage lending. The number of new small business loans is 13% lower for several years, and this decline persists even after the entry of new banks. The decline in lending is highly localized, dissipating 8 miles out, and is concentrated in low-income and high-minority neighborhoods. These results show closings have large effects on local credit supply when lending is information-intensive and lender-specific relationships are difficult to replace. The second chapter (co-authored with Michael Greenstone and Alexandre Mas) estimates the effect of the reduction in credit supply that followed the 2008 financial crisis on the real economy. We predict county lending shocks using variation in pre-crisis bank market shares and estimated bank supply-shifts. Counties with negative predicted shocks experienced declines in small business loan originations, indicating that it is costly for these businesses to find new lenders. Using confidential microdata from the Longitudinal Business Database, we find that the 2007-2009 lending shocks accounted for statistically significant, but economically small, declines in both small firm and overall employment. Predicted lending shocks affected lending but not employment from 1997-2007. The third chapter uses a cash demand framework to model household credit decisions when there are both fixed and marginal costs associated with borrowing. In standard models of credit demand, the price associated with a loan is simply the interest rate. In reality, however, loan contracts encompass many dimensions that contribute to the effective price a household pays to borrow. Understanding how these other factors influence households' credit decisions is important for evaluating the impact of policy on household credit demand. I show, using data from Thailand, that the cash demand model matches many observed patterns of household behavior while providing a framework for understanding how tradeoffs between different costs drive borrowing decisions.
Author:
Publisher: Academic Conferences and publishing limited
ISBN: 1912764334
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Steven H. Wagner
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 200
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"Theorists have shown how credit enhancement in the generic form of collateral can mitigate market failures in credit markets. None of these models has explained, however, why a guarantee rather than collateral will appear in the equilibrium debt contract. In the first essay, I develop optimal debt contracting models under moral hazard to show that lower transactions costs associated with guarantees make them more efficient than collateral. The guarantee contract is feasible, however, only if the business owner is sufficiently wealthy relative to the loan amount. This result suggests that market failure may occur if a small business owner with a high-return project has inadequate personal wealth to guarantee a loan. The second essay in this dissertation uses data from the 2003 Survey of Small Business Finances to empirically test the predictions of the first essay. I estimate both multinomial logit and ordered probit models to examine the effect of guarantor wealth on the equilibrium enhancement structure for lines of credit. I find that increasing owner wealth results in an increased likelihood that a line of credit will be enhanced with only a personal guarantee and a decreased likelihood that the line of credit will be secured with collateral. I also find that use of the more efficient guarantee is less prevalent when the borrower is located in a non-competitive banking market. Both results are consistent with predictions of the first essay. Relationships between small businesses and financial intermediaries are generally viewed only as mechanisms that arise to mitigate informational asymmetries in credit markets. In the third essay, I use a pooled cross section of the 1988, 1993, 1998 and 2003 Surveys of Small Business Finances to study relationships between small businesses and their primary source of financial services. I find evidence that mechanisms other than mitigation of informational asymmetries in credit transactions influence the structure and benefits associated with maintaining relationships. I also find that the two empirical measures of relationship strength decreased between 1988 and 2003 as the small business credit market was being transformed by bank consolidation, financial deregulation and technological innovation in small business lending."--Abstract from author supplied metadata.
Author: Zhonghua Wu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 184
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Author: David Vera
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bank loans
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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My first essay is a survey of the literature on the bank-lending channel of monetary policy, banking deregulation in the U.S. and small business lending. This literature provides a framework for exploring questions of how recent changes in banking deregulation may have affected the monetary transmission mechanism and small business lending. In my second essay, I provide evidence that the monetary transmission mechanism in the U.S. has changed. In particular, using aggregate data I show that monetary policy shocks no longer have the significant effects on bank loans that were previously demonstrated in the literature. The smaller response of bank loans coincides with a period of deregulation in the banking system that triggered banking consolidation. Using bank-level data, I tie the changes in the monetary transmission mechanism to changes in the response of bank loans resulting from mergers. Consistent with earlier research that linked monetary policy effects to banks' balance sheet characteristics, I show that the growth of loans of banks that have merged is less sensitive to monetary policy shocks than that of banks not taking part in mergers. In my third essay I explore the link between changes in the banking system and small business lending. Research on banking indicates that small banks appear to be the main providers of credit to small businesses. Recent changes in banking legislation that have triggered consolidation have raised concerns over the availability of credit to small businesses. In this paper I provide evidence that even though recent changes in banking legislation have decreased the number of small banks, they have not had an effect on total small business lending. I also provide evidence that small banks may be participating less in small business lending. These results have implications for both the smaller output volatility recently documented in the literature as well as for a diminished bank-lending channel of the monetary transmission mechanism.
Author: Victoria Chick
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 9780415232197
Category : Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 264
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Book Description
This volume, a companion to Money, Macroeconomics and Keynes, represents both consolidation and the breaking of new ground in Keynesian methodology and microeconomics by leading figures in these fields.
