EPA Special Report On Endocrine Disruption PDF Download
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Author:
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Category : Endocrine glands
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Endocrine glands
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author:
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 142890378X
Category : Electronic government information
Languages : en
Pages : 120
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Book Description
Author: Environmental Protection Agency EPA : Office of Research and Development
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309297575
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 89
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Book Description
Potential health effects from chemicals that disrupt endocrine function pose an environmental health concern because of their ability to interfere with normal hormone function in human and wildlife populations. The endocrine system regulates biological processes throughout the body and is sensitive to small changes in hormone concentrations. Endocrine-disruptor research has focused primarily on chemicals that affect three hormone pathways that play important roles in reproduction and development - the estrogen, androgen, and thyroid hormone pathways. Some of this research has identified dose-response relationships that have nonmonotonic curves. Nonmonotonic dose-response curves (NMDRs) are of concern because they do not follow the usual assumption made in toxicology that as dose decreases the response also decreases. The existence of NMDRs has been a controversial topic for decades, and there has been considerable debate about their implications for how chemicals are tested and for how risks from such chemicals are assessed. Toxicity tests are designed to identify hazards and to characterize dose-response relationships, so tests are aimed at finding a (high) dose that elicits a response, and dose-response is explored by testing lower doses spaced to identify statistically a no- or lowest-observed-adverse-effect level. The concern for NMDRs is that such studies, as currently designed, might not detect the inflection of the dose-response curve if only a few doses are tested or if the change in inflection occurs below the range of doses tested. Another concern is that some NMDRs are found for biological effects that are not usually evaluated in toxicity tests. If current testing strategies are inadequate to account for NMDRs, changes to risk assessment practices might be necessary. To help address these issues, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) developed a draft State-of-the-Science Evaluation: Nonmonotonic Dose Responses as they Apply to Estrogen, Androgen, and Thyroid Pathways and EPA Testing and Assessment Procedures. EPA asked the National Research Council to conduct an independent review of this evaluation to ensure that it is scientifically sound and of high quality. Review of Environmental Protection Agency's State-of-the-Science Evaluation of Nonmonotonic Dose-Response as they Apply to Endocrine Disrupters evaluates whether EPA's evaluation presents a scientifically sound and high-quality analysis of the literature on NMDRs. This report reviews how well the EPA evaluation described how the assessment was performed, whether consistent methods and criteria were applied in the analysis of different evidence streams, and whether appropriate methods were applied to evaluating the evidence. The report makes recommendations to improve EPA's process and strengthen the evaluation.
Author:
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Thomas M. Crisp
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 116
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Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309064198
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 453
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Some investigators have hypothesized that estrogens and other hormonally active agents found in the environment might be involved in breast cancer increases and sperm count declines in humans as well as deformities and reproductive problems seen in wildlife. This book looks in detail at the science behind the ominous prospect of "estrogen mimics" threatening health and well-being, from the level of ecosystems and populations to individual people and animals. The committee identifies research needs and offers specific recommendations to decision-makers. This authoritative volume: Critically evaluates the literature on hormonally active agents in the environment and identifies known and suspected toxicologic mechanisms and effects of fish, wildlife, and humans. Examines whether and how exposure to hormonally active agents occursâ€"in diet, in pharmaceuticals, from industrial releases into the environmentâ€"and why the debate centers on estrogens. Identifies significant uncertainties, limitations of knowledge, and weaknesses in the scientific literature. The book presents a wealth of information and investigates a wide range of examples across the spectrum of life that might be related to these agents.
Author: AJ. Duggan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Endocrine disruption
Languages : en
Pages : 14
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Book Description
There is growing controversy that low-level exposures to chemicals and pesticides have caused increased incidences of reproductive system cancers, developmental abnormalities and physical deformities in wildlife and humans. Substances that cause these effects are called endocrine disrupters. The science to address endocrine issues is still developing, but poignant publications, such as Theo Colborn's Our Stolen Future, have fueled the controversy and increased public awareness about endocrine issues. EPA recently issued the "Special Report on Endocrine Disruption: An Effects Assessment and Analysis Document." The report concluded that environmental contaminants can adversely affect animals and wildlife, but more research is warranted to determine the causal relationship between exposure and adverse health effects in humans. In August 1996, Congress enacted legislation that directed EPA to implement, by August 1999, a screening and testing program to evaluate chemicals and pesticides for endocrine effects. In October 1996, EPA convened a Federal Advisory Committee, EDSTAC (Endocrine Disrupter Screening and Testing Advisory Committee), of stakeholders and scientists from various activist groups, government and industry to assist them in the process.
Author:
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Category : Air
Languages : en
Pages : 168
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Author: Jean-Francois Férard
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9789400750401
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
With its 104 chapters, this Encyclopedia of aquatic ecotoxicology reveals the diversity of issues, problems and challenges that have faced, and are facing today, receiving environments. It also indicates ways by which tools, strategies and future investigations can contribute to correct, minimize, solve and prevent water quality degradation. Structured homogeneously, the chapters convey salient information on historical background, features, characteristics, uses and/or applications of treated topics, often complemented by illustrations and case studies, as well as by conclusions and prospects. This work is most suitable for teaching purposes. Academics, for example, could literally deliver comprehensive lectures to students simply based on chapter outlines and contents. Meet the Authors of the Encyclopedia! Check out 'Meet the Authors' under ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (Right menu).
