Eolian Sand Dunes of the Glacial Lake Hind Basin, Manitoba, Canada PDF Download
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Author: Woody G. Wallace
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 164
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Author: Woody G. Wallace
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 164
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Book Description
Author: Chuanyu (Stephen). Sun
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 430
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Book Description
Glacial Lake Hind was a 4000 km2 ice-marginal lake which formed in southwestern Manitoba during the last deglaciation. It received meltwater from western Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and North Dakota via at least 10 channels, and discharged into glacial Lake Agassiz through the Pembina Spillway. Surface sediment outside of the area covered by glacial Lake Hind is dominantly till. There are two types of tills based on their carbonate content and calcite/dolomite ratios: one that has high carbonate content and a low calcium/dolomite ratio (Dh), which occurs east of glacial Lake Hind, and another that has low carbonate content and a high calcite/dolomite ratio (Dl), which occurs north, west, and south of glacial Lake Hind, and may underlie Lake Hind sediments. Four till units have been identified based on carbonate content, texture, and color. They are the Wawanesa till, Souris till, Fairfax till, and Carroll till. Sediments in the Lake Hind basin consist of up to 30 m of silt and clay, 25 m of sand and deltaic gravels. Much of the uppermost lacustrine sand in the central part of the basin has been reworked into aeolian dunes. No beaches have been recognized in the basin. Around the margins, clayey silt occurs up to an elevation of 457 m, and deltaic gravels occur at 434 - 462 m. In addition, there are a total of 12 deltas around the lake basin, and these can be divided into 3 groups based on the elevation of their surfaces: 1) above 457 m along the eastern edge of the basin and in the narrow southern end; 2) between 450 and 442 m at the western edge of the basin; and 3) below 442 m. The earliest stage of glacial Lake Hind began shortly after 12 ka, as a small lake formed between the eastern edge of the Souris Lobe and the western edge of the Red River Lobe in southwestern Manitoba. Two deltas at an elevation of above 457 m were formed in this lake. At the same time, the western edge of the Souris Lobe retreated far enough to allow glacial Lake Souris to expand northward along the western side of the basin from North Dakota; three deltas were built at an elevation of between 457 and 466 m in the Canadian part of this proglacial lake. Continued retreat of the Souris Lobe allowed the merger of glacial Lake Souris with the interlobate glacial Lake Hind. Subsequent erosion of the outlet into the Pembina valley allowed waters in the glacial Lake Hind basin to become isolated from glacial Lake Souris, and four deltas formed between 442 and 450 m by meltwater from the west. Next, a catastrophic flood from the Moose Mountain uplands in southeastern Saskatchewan flowed through the Souris River valley to glacial Lake Souris, in turn, spilling into Lake Hind and depositing another delta at an elevation of about 442 m. This resulted in further incision of the outlet into the deep and wide Pembina spillway, and a new level of glacial Lake Hind was established at 434 m. A second flood through the Souris River valley, this time from glacial Lake Regina, further eroded the outlet; most of glacial Lake Hind was drained as a result of this flood except for the deeper northern part. Coarse gravel was deposited by this flood, which differs from previous flood gravel because it is massive and contains less shale.
Author: Chuanyu (Stephen). Sun
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Glacial Lake Hind was a 4000 km2 ice-marginal lake which formed in southwestern Manitoba during the last deglaciation. It received meltwater from western Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and North Dakota via at least 10 channels, and discharged into glacial Lake Agassiz through the Pembina Spillway. Surface sediment outside of the area covered by glacial Lake Hind is dominantly till. There are two types of tills based on their carbonate content and calcite/dolomite ratios: one that has high carbonate content and a low calcium/dolomite ratio (Dh), which occurs east of glacial Lake Hind, and another that has low carbonate content and a high calcite/dolomite ratio (Dl), which occurs north, west, and south of glacial Lake Hind, and may underlie Lake Hind sediments. Four till units have been identified based on carbonate content, texture, and color. They are the Wawanesa till, Souris till, Fairfax till, and Carroll till. Sediments in the Lake Hind basin consist of up to 30 m of silt and clay, 25 m of sand and deltaic gravels. Much of the uppermost lacustrine sand in the central part of the basin has been reworked into aeolian dunes. No beaches have been recognized in the basin. Around the margins, clayey silt occurs up to an elevation of 457 m, and deltaic gravels occur at 434 - 462 m. In addition, there are a total of 12 deltas around the lake basin, and these can be divided into 3 groups based on the elevation of their surfaces: 1) above 457 m along the eastern edge of the basin and in the narrow southern end; 2) between 450 and 442 m at the western edge of the basin; and 3) below 442 m. The earliest stage of glacial Lake Hind began shortly after 12 ka, as a small lake formed between the eastern edge of the Souris Lobe and the western edge of the Red River Lobe in southwestern Manitoba. Two deltas at an elevation of above 457 m were formed in this lake. At the same time, the western edge of the Souris Lobe retreated far enough to allow glacial Lake Souris to expand northward along the western side of the basin from North Dakota; three deltas were built at an elevation of between 457 and 466 m in the Canadian part of this proglacial lake. Continued retreat of the Souris Lobe allowed the merger of glacial Lake Souris with the interlobate glacial Lake Hind. Subsequent erosion of the outlet into the Pembina valley allowed waters in the glacial Lake Hind basin to become isolated from glacial Lake Souris, and four deltas formed between 442 and 450 m by meltwater from the west. Next, a catastrophic flood from the Moose Mountain uplands in southeastern Saskatchewan flowed through the Souris River valley to glacial Lake Souris, in turn, spilling into Lake Hind and depositing another delta at an elevation of about 442 m. This resulted in further incision of the outlet into the deep and wide Pembina spillway, and a new level of glacial Lake Hind was established at 434 m. A second flood through the Souris River valley, this time from glacial Lake Regina, further eroded the outlet; most of glacial Lake Hind was drained as a result of this flood except for the deeper northern part. Coarse gravel was deposited by this flood, which differs from previous flood gravel because it is massive and contains less shale.
Author: C. S. Bristow
Publisher: Geological Society of London
ISBN: 9781862391314
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 346
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Book Description
Included in this book are practical guidelines for data collection and interpretation, from antennae configurations to sequence stratigraphy, together with new advances such as vertical radar profiles and 3-D GPR imaging for hydrocarbon reservoir modelling, designed to assist new and veteran users get the most from GPR. Case studies in this book detail GPR investigations in a wide array of sedimentary environments including alluvial fans, braided rivers, spits, beaches, sand dunes, lakes, bogs, and floodplains.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Geology
Languages : en
Pages : 472
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Book Description
Author: Olav Slaymaker
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319445952
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 439
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Book Description
This is the only book to focus on the geomorphological landscapes of Canada West. It outlines the little-appreciated diversity of Canada’s landscapes, and the nature of the geomorphological landscape, which deserves wider publicity. Three of the most important geomorphological facts related to Canada are that 90% of its total area emerged from ice-sheet cover relatively recently, from a geological perspective; permafrost underlies 50% of its landmass and the country enjoys the benefits of having three oceans as its borders: the Arctic, Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Canada West is a land of extreme contrasts — from the rugged Cordillera to the wide open spaces of the Prairies; from the humid west-coast forests to the semi-desert in the interior of British Columbia and from the vast Mackenzie river system of the to small, steep, cascading streams on Vancouver Island. The thickest Canadian permafrost is found in the Yukon and extensive areas of the Cordillera are underlain by sporadic permafrost side-by-side with the never-glaciated plateaus of the Yukon. One of the curiosities of Canada West is the presence of volcanic landforms, extruded through the ice cover of the late Pleistocene and Holocene epochs, which have also left a strong imprint on the landscape. The Mackenzie and Fraser deltas provide the contrast of large river deltas, debouching respectively into the Arctic and Pacific oceans.
Author: Thomas A. Rumney
Publisher: Scarecrow Press
ISBN: 0810867184
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 801
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Book Description
Canadian Geography: A Scholarly Bibliography is a compendium of published works on geographical studies of Canada and its various provinces. It includes works on geographical studies of Canada as a whole, on multiple provinces, and on individual provinces. Works covered include books, monographs, atlases, book chapters, scholarly articles, dissertations, and theses. The contents are organized first by region into main chapters, and then each chapter is divided into sections: General Studies, Cultural and Social Geography, Economic Geography, Historical Geography, Physical Geography, Political Geography, and Urban Geography. Each section is further sub-divided into specific topics within each main subject. All known publications on the geographical studies of Canada—in English, French, and other languages—covering all types of geography are included in this bibliography. It is an essential resource for all researchers, students, teachers, and government officials needing information and references on the varied aspects of the environments and human geographies of Canada.
Author: Geological Association of Canada. Meeting
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Geology
Languages : en
Pages : 148
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Book Description
Author: B. A. Nicholson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Environmental archaeology
Languages : en
Pages : 268
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Book Description
Author: Qi Lu
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000588998
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 445
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Book Description
This book in two volumes, and with a foreword by the renowned Professor M.A.J. Williams, draws on evidence from coastal and inland regions, including desert dunes, wind-blown dust, river and lake sediments, glacial moraines, plant and animal fossils, isotope geochemistry, soils and prehistoric archaeology to better understand the genesis and development of dunes systems in selected northern hemisphere sand dunes from Asia, Africa and the Middle East regions. The collection of research papers and case studies that are presented in this book provide the reader with a wealth of information about the distribution and types of sand dunes and an insight into the complexity of sand dune formation, migration and management. Research in many countries across the northern hemisphere shows that dunes, whether coastal or inland, are under pressure around the world. Much of the pressure comes from human activities, and the anthropogenic disturbance, when coupled with global warming and alterations to the amount, frequency and temporal distribution of precipitation could lead to more serious management challenges in the future. There is much that we still need to find out about the origin, genesis and development of sand dunes so that they can be managed better. The difficult and complex questions being repeatedly raised can be answered only by interdisciplinary endeavours. Geomorphologists, geologists, palaeontologists, climatologists, ecologists, and others, can work together on research projects that better define the origin, evolution and development of dunes, both inland and along the coasts. Many chapters in this book attempt to reconstruct past climatic changes in deserts and their margins at a variety of scales in space and time in the expectation that such information might assist in preparing us for future global warming and drying.
