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Author: Seema Mai Ehsan
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781321093780
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 100
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Book Description
Cancer drug development remains a costly and inefficient endeavor that often translates to limited clinical success. While most therapies focus on stalling the growth of or eradicating tumor cells directly, the microenvironment in which these cells inhabit plays a hugely influential role in defining drug efficacy and disease progression. The supporting vasculature system as well as the interstitial extracellular matrix are particularly consequential to the transport, distribution, and uptake of therapeutics. While it is known that the host microenvironment may enable the advancement of malignancy and even the development of resistance, much of the mechanistic understanding by which this regulation occurs remains unclear. This is due in part to a lack of physiologically relevant models, though advancements in the emerging field of "tumor engineering" are beginning to challenge this. The transition away from incompatible animal models and simplified two-dimensional cultures has brought about the creation of advanced three-dimensional models in order to better simulate and test the microenvironmental characteristics that define human cancers. Nonetheless, few systems are able to capture the full range of authentic, complex in vivo events such as neovascularization, intravasation, and variable oxygen distribution. This work will explore the details of developing biologically-inspired, highly controlled in vitro tumor microenvironments to replicate and investigate these events. Such systems have the potential to mediate successful translation of preclinical research to clinical significance, while also providing mechanistic insight into the early stages of tumor progression and metastasis.
Author: Seema Mai Ehsan
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781321093780
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 100
Get Book Here
Book Description
Cancer drug development remains a costly and inefficient endeavor that often translates to limited clinical success. While most therapies focus on stalling the growth of or eradicating tumor cells directly, the microenvironment in which these cells inhabit plays a hugely influential role in defining drug efficacy and disease progression. The supporting vasculature system as well as the interstitial extracellular matrix are particularly consequential to the transport, distribution, and uptake of therapeutics. While it is known that the host microenvironment may enable the advancement of malignancy and even the development of resistance, much of the mechanistic understanding by which this regulation occurs remains unclear. This is due in part to a lack of physiologically relevant models, though advancements in the emerging field of "tumor engineering" are beginning to challenge this. The transition away from incompatible animal models and simplified two-dimensional cultures has brought about the creation of advanced three-dimensional models in order to better simulate and test the microenvironmental characteristics that define human cancers. Nonetheless, few systems are able to capture the full range of authentic, complex in vivo events such as neovascularization, intravasation, and variable oxygen distribution. This work will explore the details of developing biologically-inspired, highly controlled in vitro tumor microenvironments to replicate and investigate these events. Such systems have the potential to mediate successful translation of preclinical research to clinical significance, while also providing mechanistic insight into the early stages of tumor progression and metastasis.
Author: Akiko Mammoto
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832514146
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 166
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Book Description
Author: Sharon Gerecht
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1441978356
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 261
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Book Description
Because of their ability to differentiate and develop into functional vasculature, stem cells hold tremendous promise for therapeutic applications. However, the scientific understanding and the ability to engineer these cellular systems is still in its early stages, and must advance significantly for the therapeutic potential of stem cells to be realized. Stem cell differentiation and function are exquisitely tuned by their microenvironment. This book will provide a unique perspective of how different aspect of the vasculature microenvironment regulates differentiation and assembly. Recent efforts to exploits modern engineering techniques to study and manipulate various biophysical cues will be described including: oxygen tension during adult and embryonic vasculogenesis (Semenza and Zandstra), extracellular matrix during tube morphogenesis and angiogenesis (Wirtz, Davis, Ingber), surface topography and modification (Chen and Gerecht), shear stress and cyclic strain effect on vascular assembly and maturation (Vunjak-Novakovic and Niklason), and three dimensional space for angio-andvasculogensis (Ferreria and Fischbach).
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Blood-vessels
Languages : en
Pages : 65
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Book Description
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among females globally. Although localized or early stage cancer is largely curable, the five-year survival rate significantly decreases after metastasis. The crosstalk between tumor microenvironment and neoplastic cells is the key for promoting tumor growth and stimulating tumor angiogenesis and metastasis to distant organs. In the first section of this study, the effect of stromal stiffening on the angiogenic activity of cancer cells was explored. In the second section of this study, the effect of microenvironment on bone metastasis was studied. Also, the effect of decellularized ECM (dECM) on the activity of breast cancer cells was investigated.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Advances in tissue engineering have been accomplished for years by employing biomimetic strategies to provide cells with aspects of their original microenvironment necessary to reconstitute a unit of both form and function for a given tissue. We believe that the most critical hallmark of cancer is loss of integration of architecture and function; thus, it stands to reason that similar strategies could be employed to understand tumor biology. In this commentary, we discuss work contributed by Fischbach-Teschl and colleagues to this special issue of Tissue Engineering in the context of 'tumor engineering', that is, the construction of complex cell culture models that recapitulate aspects of the in vivo tumor microenvironment to study the dynamics of tumor development, progression, and therapy on multiple scales. We provide examples of fundamental questions that could be answered by developing such models, and encourage the continued collaboration between physical scientists and life scientists not only for regenerative purposes, but also to unravel the complexity that is the tumor microenvironment. In 1993, Vacanti and Langer cast a spotlight on the growing gap between patients in need of organ transplants and the amount of available donor organs; they reaffirmed that tissue engineering could eventually address this problem by 'applying principles of engineering and the life sciences toward the development of biological substitutes. Mortality figures and direct health care costs for cancer patients rival those of patients who experience organ failure. Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States (Source: American Cancer Society) and it is estimated that direct medical costs for cancer patients approach $100B yearly in the United States alone (Source: National Cancer Institute). In addition, any promising therapy that emerges from the laboratory costs roughly $1.7B to take from bench to bedside. Whereas we have indeed waged war on cancer, the training grounds have largely consisted of small rodents, despite marked differences between human and mouse physiology, or plastic dishes, even though just like our tissues and organs most tumors exist within three-dimensional proteinacious milieus. One could argue that this is comparable to training for a desert war in the arctic. In this special issue of tissue engineering, Fischbach-Teschl and colleagues build a strong case for engineering complex cultures analogous to normal organs to tractably model aspects of the human tumor microenvironment that simply cannot be reproduced with traditional two-dimensional cell culture techniques and that cannot be studied in a controlled fashion in vivo. This idea has gained considerable traction of late as concepts presented and convincingly shown years ago have only now begun to be appreciated. Perhaps, then, it is time to organize those who wish to build complex tumor models to study cancer biology under a common umbrella. Accordingly, we propose that tumor engineering be defined as the construction of complex culture models that recapitulate aspects of the in vivo tumor microenvironment to study the dynamics of tumor development, progression, and therapy on multiple scales. Inherent in this definition is the collaboration that must occur between physical and life scientists to guide the design of patterning techniques, materials, and imaging modalities for the study of cancer from the subcellular to tissue level in physiologically relevant contexts. To date, the most successful tissue engineering approaches have employed methods that recapitulate the composition, architecture, and/or chemical presentation of native tissue. For instance, induction of blood vessel growth for therapeutic purposes has been achieved with sequential release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet derived growth factor to induce and stabilize blood vessels. This approach imitates that which occurs during physiological angiogenesis as a result of heterotypic interactions between endothelium and stroma. Employing such biomimetic strategies has already led to success in cancer research. Studying tumors in 3D has proven far more accurate in reproducing in vivo growth characteristics and chemotherapeutic resistance than 2D approaches. A number of animal studies and co-culture experiments have identified also the importance of interactions with other nonmalignant cell types - such as endothelial cells, fibroblasts, adipocytes, leukocytes, and circulating progenitors - to support and sustain tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. Reproducing not only the 'dynamic reciprocity' but also the 'dynamic cooperativity' between these constituents in a spatially, temporally, and functionally accurate fashion presents quite a challenge for engineering tumors. So, why do it? The reason is to ask important fundamental questions that cannot easily be answered in vivo or on tissue culture plastic for the reasons mentioned.
Author: William D. Figg
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387715185
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 592
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Book Description
Dr. Judah Folkman is considered the "father of angiogenesis." Because of Folkman's discovery and research, the possibilities of angiogenic therapy have broadened beyond cancer to many noncancerous diseases. Angiogenesis: An Integrative Approach from Science to Medicine is a comprehensive, concise summary of tumor angiogenesis. It is an up-to-date and authoritative reference for the angiogenesis field as it relates to oncology. This book represents the first collection in a volume of which Folkman is co-editor. Folkman has authored nearly 400 original papers and more than 100 book chapters.
Author: Domenico Ribatti
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128194944
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 198
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Book Description
Tumor Vascularization discusses the different types of growth of tumor blood vessels and their implications on research and healthcare. The book is divided into three parts: the first one, General Mechanisms, discusses different vessel growth mechanisms, such as sprouting angiogenesis, non-angiogenesis dependent growth, intussusceptive microvascular growth, vascular co-option and vasculogenic mimicry. The second and third parts, entitled Clinical Implications and Therapeutic Implications are dedicated to translating recent findings in this field to patient treatment and healthcare. This book is a valuable source for cancer researchers, oncologists, graduate students and members of the biomedical field who are interested in tumor progression and blood vessels. Explains new, non-orthodox concepts recently developed and related to the modality of growth of tumor blood vessels Provides information on the types of angiogenesis, non-angiogenesis dependent growth and vascular co-option, discussing both their similarities and differences Encompasses a discussion on clinical implications of tumor vascularization to translate research findings into treatment
Author: Cheng Dong
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319952943
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 376
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Book Description
This book covers multi-scale biomechanics for oncology, ranging from cells and tissues to whole organ. Topics covered include, but not limited to, biomaterials in mechano-oncology, non-invasive imaging techniques, mechanical models of cell migration, cancer cell mechanics, and platelet-based drug delivery for cancer applications. This is an ideal book for graduate students, biomedical engineers, and researchers in the field of mechanobiology and oncology. This book also: Describes how mechanical properties of cancer cells, the extracellular matrix, tumor microenvironment and immuno-editing, and fluid flow dynamics contribute to tumor progression and the metastatic process Provides the latest research on non-invasive imaging, including traction force microscopy and brillouin confocal microscopy Includes insight into NCIs’ role in supporting biomechanics in oncology research Details how biomaterials in mechano-oncology can be used as a means to tune materials to study cancer
Author: Shay Soker
Publisher: Humana Press
ISBN: 3319605119
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 225
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Book Description
Cancer cell biology research in general, and anti-cancer drug development specifically, still relies on standard cell culture techniques that place the cells in an unnatural environment. As a consequence, growing tumor cells in plastic dishes places a selective pressure that substantially alters their original molecular and phenotypic properties.The emerging field of regenerative medicine has developed bioengineered tissue platforms that can better mimic the structure and cellular heterogeneity of in vivo tissue, and are suitable for tumor bioengineering research. Microengineering technologies have resulted in advanced methods for creating and culturing 3-D human tissue. By encapsulating the respective cell type or combining several cell types to form tissues, these model organs can be viable for longer periods of time and are cultured to develop functional properties similar to native tissues. This approach recapitulates the dynamic role of cell–cell, cell–ECM, and mechanical interactions inside the tumor. Further incorporation of cells representative of the tumor stroma, such as endothelial cells (EC) and tumor fibroblasts, can mimic the in vivo tumor microenvironment. Collectively, bioengineered tumors create an important resource for the in vitro study of tumor growth in 3D including tumor biomechanics and the effects of anti-cancer drugs on 3D tumor tissue. These technologies have the potential to overcome current limitations to genetic and histological tumor classification and development of personalized therapies.
Author: Eric M. Brey
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1466580453
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 402
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Book Description
A Complex and Growing Field The study of vascularization in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) and its applications is an emerging field that could revolutionize medical approaches for organ and tissue replacement, reconstruction, and regeneration. Designed specifically for researchers in TERM fields, Vascularization: Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering provides a broad overview of vascularization in TERM applications. This text summarizes research in several areas, and includes contributions from leading experts in the field. It defines the difficulties associated with multicellular processes in vascularization and cell-source issues. It presents advanced biomaterial design strategies for control of vascular network formation and in silico models designed to provide insight not possible in experimental systems. It also examines imaging methods that are critical to understanding vascularization in engineered tissues, and addresses vascularization issues within the context of specific tissue applications. This text is divided into three parts; the first section focuses on the basics of vascularization. The second section provides general approaches for promoting vascularization. The final section presents tissue and organ-specific aspects of vascularization in regenerative medicine. Presents Areas of Substantial Clinical and Societal Impact The material contains research and science on the process of vessel assembly with an emphasis on methods for controlling the process for therapeutic applications. It describes the tissue and organ-specific aspects of vascularization in regenerative medicine, and refers to areas such as bone tissue engineering, vascularization of encapsulated cells, adipose tissue, bone and muscle engineering. It also provides a mechanistic understanding of the process and presentation of experimental and computational approaches that facilitate the study of vascular assembly, and includes enabling technologies such as nanotechnology, drug delivery, stem cells, microfluidics, and biomaterial design that are optimized for supporting the formation of extensive vascular networks in regenerative medicine. A guide for researchers developing new methods for modulating vessel assembly, this text can also be used by senior undergraduate and graduate students taking courses focused on TERM.
