Author: Oualid Demigha
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Wireless Sensor Networks is an emerging technology enabled by the recent advances in Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems, that led to design tiny wireless sensor nodes characterized by small capacities of sensing, data processing and communication. To accomplish complex tasks such as target tracking, data collection and zone surveillance, these nodes need to collaborate between each others to overcome the lack of battery capacity. Since the development of the batteries hardware is very slow, the optimization effort should be inevitably focused on the software layers of the protocol stack of the nodes and their operating systems. In this thesis, we investigated the energy problem in the context of collaborative applications and proposed an approach based on node selection using predictions and data correlations, to meet the application requirements in terms of energy-efficiency and quality of data. First, we surveyed almost all the recent approaches proposed in the literature that treat the problem of energy-efficiency of prediction-based target tracking schemes, in order to extract the relevant recommendations. Next, we proposed a dynamic clustering protocol based on an enhanced version of the Distributed Kalman Filter used as a prediction algorithm, to design an energy-efficient target tracking scheme. Our proposed scheme use these predictions to anticipate the actions of the nodes and their roles to minimize their number in the tasks. Based on our findings issued from the simulation data, we generalized our approach to any data collection scheme that uses a geographic-based clustering algorithm. We formulated the problem of energy minimization under data precision constraints using a binary integer linear program to find its exact solution in the general context. We validated the model and proved some of its fundamental properties. Finally and given the complexity of the problem, we proposed and evaluated a heuristic solution consisting of a correlation-based adaptive clustering algorithm for data collection. We showed that, by relaxing some constraints of the problem, our heuristic solution achieves an acceptable level of energy-efficiency while preserving the quality of data.
Author: Milosav Andelic
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Computer network protocols
Languages : en
Pages : 168
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Book Description
As human sensory structures are often restricted to sensing a small range of visual, hearing, smell, taste, and touch events, the need for extending humans' limited sensory abilities has been a driving force for research, inventions and innovations that have led to discoveries of tools such as wireless sensor nodes. Wireless sensor nodes are inexpensive, multifunctional devices capable of extending humans' limited sensory abilities and they can be used easily to form wireless sensor networks (WSNs), which have a wide range of potential applications. Since wireless sensor nodes are typically battery-powered, a major concern in the design of WSNs is energy conservation as these networks are expected to operate autonomously for long periods. Therefore, this thesis presents a thorough research effort that has investigated ways of improving energy efficiency of WSNs. First, a theoretical model of a WSN's lifetime was established. The model includes collaborative communication and enabled communication techniques to be identified that minimize idle listening and maximise collision avoidance, both of which waste energy. Then the Collaborative Event Driven Energy Efficient Protocol (CEDEEP), which ensures energy efficient operation of one-hop, event-driven WSNs, was introduced. CEDEEP takes advantage of the spatiotemporal correlation of wireless sensor nodes' reporting in event-driven WSNs and uses collaborative communication to conserve energy. The presented analytical results prove the viability of this approach and show that CEDEEP offers considerable improvements in energy efficiency. Subsequently, a novel Energy Efficient Collision Avoidance Method (EECAM) for CEDEEP was proposed. EECAM makes possible higher energy savings by introducing node prioritization based on the distinctive properties of the CEDEEP protocol and event-driven WSN applications. Furthermore, a stochastic model of the one-hop network was developed and the higher energy efficiency of CEDEEP with EECAM was illustrated using the IEEE 802.15.4 and Sift protocols. Therefore, this thesis provides diverse analytical models and offers strong evidence that use of CEDEEP with EECAM, as an event-driven protocol, contributes considerably to the energy efficiency of event-driven WSNs. In this way not only has a superior event-driven protocol been proposed, but a robust basis for future research focused on energy-efficient, event-driven protocols for WSNs has been established.
Author: Ju Ren
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319603183
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 120
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Book Description
This monograph addresses the spectrum-scarcity problem by providing a comprehensive overview of spectrum resource management in Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks (CRSNs). It shows a variety of CRSN applications covering Machine-to-Machine communications, cyber physical systems and Internet-of-Things. The authors explore the benefits of an integrated energy efficient spectrum management solution for CRSNs including spectrum sensing, decision and allocation. Both theoretical and experimental aspects of CRSNs are covered in detail. Academics, researchers and developers will find this monograph an exceptional resource with valuable knowledge and insights. It also has extensive references from top journals, conference proceedings, books and standards.
Author: Youcef Touati
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0081021178
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 146
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Book Description
Energy Management in Wireless Sensor Networks discusses this unavoidable issue in the application of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). To guarantee efficiency and durability in a network, the science must go beyond hardware solutions and seek alternative software solutions that allow for better data control from the source to delivery. Data transfer must obey different routing protocols, depending on the application type and network architecture. The correct protocol should allow for fluid information flow, as well as optimizing power consumption and resources – a challenge faced by dense networks. The topics covered in this book provide answers to these needs by introducing and exploring computer-based tools and protocol strategies for low power consumption and the implementation of routing mechanisms which include several levels of intervention, ranging from deployment to network operation. - Explores ways to manage energy consumption during the design and implementation of WSN - Helps users implement an increase in network longevity - Presents intrinsic characteristics of wireless sensor networks
Author: Vidushi Sharma
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 149878335X
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 297
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Book Description
The advances in low-power electronic devices integrated with wireless communication capabilities are one of recent areas of research in the field of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). One of the major challenges in WSNs is uniform and least energy dissipation while increasing the lifetime of the network. This is the first book that introduces the energy efficient wireless sensor network techniques and protocols. The text covers the theoretical as well as the practical requirements to conduct and trigger new experiments and project ideas. The advanced techniques will help in industrial problem solving for energy-hungry wireless sensor network applications.
Author: Syed Husnain Abbas Naqvi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Wireless communication systems
Languages : en
Pages : 183
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Book Description
In this thesis an energy efficient collaborative communication system for wireless sensor networks is presented in order to reduce the energy consumption of wireless sensor networks in the presence of AWGN and Rayleigh fading without decreasing the quality of service of data transmission. Due to the reduction of energy consumption of wireless sensor networks, the life time of sensor networks is extended. In collaborative communications, a set of transmitter nodes transmits the same data at the same time towards a common receiver, denoted as the base station, where the received signals are combined coherently. A coherently combined signal at the receiver indicates that a large amount of transmitted power is combined; this is referred to as constructive interference. As a result of this constructive interference, collaborative communications produce a substantial power gain, as well as a considerable reduction in bit error rate and a significant gain in capacity. The main focus in this thesis is on theoretical aspects of the development of a collaborative communication system. The key factors that degrade the performance of collaborative communication systems i.e., phase, frequency and time synchronization errors, are identified. A synchronization process is designed to reduce the phase and frequency synchronization errors among the collaborative nodes and the base station. The theoretical model of the collaborative communication system with imperfect phase and frequency synchronization in the presence of AWGN and Rayleigh fading is proposed, modelled, theoretically analyzed and simulated. The performance of collaborative communication system is evaluated by investigating several figures of merit. The considered figures of merit are received power, bit error rate, energy efficiency and channel capacity. The theoretical findings of the collaborative communication system are verified using Monte Carlo simulation by considering the parameters of off-the-shelf products i.e., CC2420 and AT86RF212. Closed form expressions are derived for the received power as a function of number of collaborative nodes, bit error rate (BER) as a function of SNR (Eb/N0) and channel capacity as a function of signal to noise ratio and the number of collaborative nodes. To analyze the energy efficiency of the proposed collaborative communication system, the energy consumption of the collaborative communication system is modelled, simulated and analyzed. The analytical and simulation results showed that the proposed collaborative communication system produces significant power gain, a reduction in BER and significant capacity gain in the presence of phase errors, frequency errors, AWGN and Rayleigh fading. A detailed theoretical analysis and Monte Carlo simulation revealed that the proposed collaborative communication system is an energy efficient communication system that can be implemented in sensor networks, as approximately N (number of collaborative nodes) times less the total transmitted power is required than for the single input single output (SISO) communication for a specifies transmission range.
Author: Linoy A Tharakan
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3668635242
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 140
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Book Description
Doctoral Thesis / Dissertation from the year 2017 in the subject Electrotechnology, grade: PhD, , course: Doctor of Philosophy, language: English, abstract: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is fast emerging as prominent study area that attracting considerable research attention globally. The field has seen tremendous development in design and development of application related interfaces with sensor networks. Sensor network finds applications in several domains such as medical, military, home networks, space and so on. Many researchers strongly believe that WSNs can become as important as the internet in the near future. Just as the internet allows access to digital information anywhere, WSNs could easily provide remote interaction with the physical world. It is going to be the backbone of Ubiquitous Computing (UBICOMP).Through local collaboration among sensors, elimination of duplicate data, participation of relevant nodes in the given task etc. can produce a significant difference in energy conservation, thereby increasing the life time of the sensor network. As the number of nodes increases, data security becomes the most challenging part of the network. The intruders can hack the data any time during processing, transmission or at the receiver end. So, as a popular approach data encryption is the most commendable approach in today’s network. Asymmetric key encryption consumes more energy in processing and so not recommended for WSNs. Symmetric key encryption gives better performance with respect to asymmetric key encryption in WSN applications. It uses less computational power due to relatively effortless mathematical operations, and eventually spends less power. This thesis also proposes a symmetric data encryption through Tabulation method of Boolean function reductionfor the WSNs for secure data transmission. It also suggests a new secure approach, SEEMd, Security Enabled Energy Efficient Middleware algorithmfor the critical data sensing and gives a second chance to the nodes before it falls into to sleep mode for energy management. WSNs are designed for applications which range from small-size healthcare surveillance systems to large-scale agricultural monitoring or environmental monitoring. Thus, any WSN deployment, data aggregation, processing and communication have to assure minimum Quality of Service (QoS) in the network from application to application. In this circumstances, the proposed algorithms in this thesis proved to be efficient and reliable in energy saving and life time enhancement.
Author: Olfa Kanoun
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN: 3110436116
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 497
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Book Description
Wireless sensors and sensor networks (WSNs) are nowadays becoming increasingly important due to their decisive advantages. Different trends towards the Internet of Things (IoT), Industry 4.0 and 5G Networks address massive sensing and admit to have wireless sensors delivering measurement data directly to the Web in a reliable and easy manner. These sensors can only be supported, if sufficient energy efficiency and flexible solutions are developed for energy-aware wireless sensor nodes. In the last years, different possibilities for energy harvesting have been investigated showing a high level of maturity. This book gives therefore an overview on fundamentals and techniques for energy harvesting and energy transfer from different points of view. Different techniques and methods for energy transfer, management and energy saving on network level are reported together with selected interesting applications. The book is interesting for researchers, developers and students in the field of sensors, wireless sensors, WSNs, IoT and manifold application fields using related technologies. The book is organized in four major parts. The first part of the book introduces essential fundamentals and methods, while the second part focusses on vibration converters and hybridization. The third part is dedicated to wireless energy transfer, including both RF and inductive energy transfer. Finally, the fourth part of the book treats energy saving and management strategies. The main contents are: Essential fundamentals and methods of wireless sensors Energy harvesting from vibration Hybrid vibration energy converters Electromagnetic transducers Piezoelectric transducers Magneto-electric transducers Non-linear broadband converters Energy transfer via magnetic fields RF energy transfer Energy saving techniques Energy management strategies Energy management on network level Applications in agriculture Applications in structural health monitoring Application in power grids Prof. Dr. Olfa Kanoun is professor for measurement and sensor technology at Chemnitz university of technology. She is specialist in the field of sensors and sensor systems design.
Author: V. Çağrı Güngör
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1466500522
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 406
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Book Description
The collaborative nature of industrial wireless sensor networks (IWSNs) brings several advantages over traditional wired industrial monitoring and control systems, including self-organization, rapid deployment, flexibility, and inherent intelligent processing. In this regard, IWSNs play a vital role in creating more reliable, efficient, and productive industrial systems, thus improving companies’ competitiveness in the marketplace. Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks: Applications, Protocols, and Standards examines the current state of the art in industrial wireless sensor networks and outlines future directions for research. What Are the Main Challenges in Developing IWSN Systems? Featuring contributions by researchers around the world, this book explores the software and hardware platforms, protocols, and standards that are needed to address the unique challenges posed by IWSN systems. It offers an in-depth review of emerging and already deployed IWSN applications and technologies, and outlines technical issues and design objectives. In particular, the book covers radio technologies, energy harvesting techniques, and network and resource management. It also discusses issues critical to industrial applications, such as latency, fault tolerance, synchronization, real-time constraints, network security, and cross-layer design. A chapter on standards highlights the need for specific wireless communication standards for industrial applications. A Starting Point for Further Research Delving into wireless sensor networks from an industrial perspective, this comprehensive work provides readers with a better understanding of the potential advantages and research challenges of IWSN applications. A contemporary reference for anyone working at the cutting edge of industrial automation, communication systems, and networks, it will inspire further exploration in this promising research area.
Author: Mohammad Alaei
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 180
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Book Description
In Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs) the lifetime of battery operated visual nodes is limited by their energy consumption, which is proportional to the energy required for sensing, processing, and transmitting the data. The energy consumed in multimedia sensor nodes is much more than in the scalar sensors; a multimedia sensor captures images or acoustic signals containing a huge amount of data while in the scalar sensors a scalar value is measured (e.g., temperature). On the other hand, given the large amount of data generated by the visual nodes, both processing and transmitting image data are quite costly in terms of energy in comparison with other types of sensor networks. Accordingly, energy efficiency and prolongation of the network lifetime has become a key challenge in design and implementation of WMSNs. Clustering in sensor networks provides energy conservation, network scalability, topology stability, reducing overhead and also allows data aggregation and cooperation in data sensing and processing. Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs) are characterized for directional sensing, the Field of View (FoV), in contrast to scalar sensors in which the sensing area usually is uniform and non-directional. Therefore, clustering and the other coverage-based techniques designed for WSNs, do not satisfy WMSNs. In WMSNs, sensor management policies are needed to assure balance between the opposite requirements imposed by the wireless networking and vision processing tasks. While reducing energy consumption by limiting data transmissions is the primary challenge of energy-constrained visual sensor networks, the quality of the image data and application, QoS, improve as the network provides more data. In such an environment, the optimization methods for sensor management developed for wireless sensor networks are hard to apply to multimedia sensor networks. Such sensor management policies usually employ the clustering methods which form clusters based on sensor neighbourhood or radiocoverage. But, as it was mentioned, because of the main difference between directional sensing region of multimedia sensors and the sensing range of scalar sensors, these schemes designed for WSNs, do not have efficiency for WMSNs. Moreover, sensor management strategies of WSNs do not consider the eventdriven nature of multimedia sensor networks, nor do they consider the unpredictability of data traffic caused by a monitoring procedure. This thesis, first, present a novel clustering mechanism based on the overlapping of the FoV of multimedia nodes. The proposed clustering method establishes clusters with grouping nodes that their FoVs overlap at least in a minimum threshold area. Two styles of cluster membership are offered by the mechanism depending on the desired network application; Single Cluster Membership (SCM) and Multi Cluster Membership (MCM). The name of MCM comes from the fact that a node may belong to multiple clusters, if its FoV intersects more than one cluster-head (CH) and satisfies the threshold area while in SCM each node belongs to exactly one cluster. Then, the proposed node management schemes designed for WMSNs are presented; the node selection and scheduling schemes manage the acts of the multimedia sensor nodes in a collaborative manner in clusters with employing the mentioned clustering method. Intra-Cluster Cooperation (ICC) and Intra&Inter-Cluster Cooperation (IICC) use the SCM and MCM clusters respectively. The monitoring period is optimized and the sensing region is divided among clusters and multimedia tasks are performed applying cooperation within and between clusters. The objective is conserving the residual energy of nodes to prolong the network lifetime. Finally, a hybrid architecture for WMSNs in order to energy efficient collaborative surveillance is proposed. The proposed mechanism employs a mixed random deployment of acoustic and visual sensor nodes. Acoustic sensors detect and localize the occurred event/object(s) in a duty-cycled manner by sampling the received signals and then trigger the visual sensor nodes covering the objects to monitor them. Hence, visual sensors are warily scheduled to be awakened just for monitoring the object(s) detected in their domain, otherwise they save their energy. Section B. 4 of Chapter I introduces the contributions of this thesis.
