Employment Conditions in Beauty Shops PDF Download
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Author: Ethel Erickson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Afro-American women
Languages : en
Pages : 52
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Book Description
Author: Ethel Erickson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Afro-American women
Languages : en
Pages : 52
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Book Description
Author: Shiho Imai
Publisher: University of Hawaii Press
ISBN: 0824860438
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 233
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Book Description
In 1922 the U.S. Supreme Court declared Japanese immigrants ineligible for American citizenship because they were not "white," dismissing the plaintiff’s appeal to skin tone. Unable to claim whiteness through naturalization laws, Japanese Americans in Hawai‘i developed their own racial currency to secure a prominent place in the Island’s postwar social hierarchy. Creating the Nisei Market explores how different groups within Japanese American society (in particular the press and merchants) staked a claim to whiteness on the basis of hue and culture. Using Japanese- and English-language sources from the interwar years, it demonstrates how the meaning of whiteness evolved from mere physical distinctions to cultural markers of difference, increasingly articulated in material terms. Nisei consumer culture demands examination because consumption was vital to the privilege-making process that spilled over into public life. Although economically motivated, Japanese American shopkeepers worked hard to support the next generation of merchants and secure the future of the Nisei consumer market. Far from its image as a static society, the Japanese American community was constantly reinventing itself to meet changing consumer demands and social expectations. The author builds on recent scholarship that considers ethnic communities within a trans-Pacific context, highlighting ethnic fluidity as a strategy for material and cultural success. Yet even as it assumed a position of conformity, the Japanese American consumer culture that took hold among Honolulu’s middle class was distinct. It was at once modern and nostalgic, like the wayo secchu ideal—a hybrid of Western and Japanese notions of beauty and femininity that linked the ethnic group to the homeland and mainstream U.S. culture. By focusing on the marketing of whiteness that connected the old world and new, Creating the Nisei Market reveals the dynamic commercial and cultural environment that underwrote the rise of the Nisei in Hawai‘i.
Author: American Association of University Women
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hours of labor
Languages : en
Pages : 522
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Book Description
Author: David Segel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ability
Languages : en
Pages : 888
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Author: Susannah Walker
Publisher: University Press of Kentucky
ISBN: 0813172195
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 266
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Book Description
Between the 1920s and the 1970s, American economic culture began to emphasize the value of consumption over production. At the same time, the rise of new mass media such as radio and television facilitated the advertising and sales of consumer goods on an unprecedented scale. In Style and Status: Selling Beauty to African American Women, 1920–1975, Susannah Walker analyzes an often-overlooked facet of twentieth-century consumer society as she explores the political, social, and racial implications of the business devoted to producing and marketing beauty products for African American women. Walker examines African American beauty culture as a significant component of twentieth-century consumerism, and she links both subjects to the complex racial politics of the era. The efforts of black entrepreneurs to participate in the American economy and to achieve self-determination of black beauty standards often caused conflict within the African American community. Additionally, a prevalence of white-owned firms in the African American beauty industry sparked widespread resentment, even among advocates of full integration in other areas of the American economy and culture. Concerned African Americans argued that whites had too much influence over black beauty culture and were invading the market, complicating matters of physical appearance with questions of race and power. Based on a wide variety of documentary and archival evidence, Walker concludes that African American beauty standards were shaped within black society as much as they were formed in reaction to, let alone imposed by, the majority culture. Style and Status challenges the notion that the civil rights and black power movements of the 1950s through the 1970s represents the first period in which African Americans wielded considerable influence over standards of appearance and beauty. Walker explores how beauty culture affected black women’s racial and feminine identities, the role of black-owned businesses in African American communities, differences between black-owned and white-owned manufacturers of beauty products, and the concept of racial progress in the post–World War II era. Through the story of the development of black beauty culture, Walker examines the interplay of race, class, and gender in twentieth-century America.
Author: Tiffany M. Gill
Publisher: University of Illinois Press
ISBN: 0252076966
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 210
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Book Description
Looking through the lens of black business history, Beauty Shop Politics shows how black beauticians in the Jim Crow era parlayed their economic independence and access to a public community space into platforms for activism. Tiffany M. Gill argues that the beauty industry played a crucial role in the creation of the modern black female identity and that the seemingly frivolous space of a beauty salon actually has stimulated social, political, and economic change. With a broad scope that encompasses the role of gossip in salons, ethnic beauty products, and the social meanings of African American hair textures, Gill shows how African American beauty entrepreneurs built and sustained a vibrant culture of activism in beauty salons and schools.
Author: Blain Roberts
Publisher: UNC Press Books
ISBN: 1469614219
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 378
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Book Description
From the South's pageant queens to the importance of beauty parlors to African American communities, it is easy to see the ways beauty is enmeshed in southern culture. But as Blain Roberts shows in this incisive work, the pursuit of beauty in the South was linked to the tumultuous racial divides of the region, where the Jim Crow-era cosmetics industry came of age selling the idea of makeup that emphasized whiteness, and where, in the 1950s and 1960s, black-owned beauty shops served as crucial sites of resistance for civil rights activists. In these times of strained relations in the South, beauty became a signifier of power and affluence while it reinforced racial strife. Roberts examines a range of beauty products, practices, and rituals--cosmetics, hairdressing, clothing, and beauty contests--in settings that range from tobacco farms of the Great Depression to 1950s and 1960s college campuses. In so doing, she uncovers the role of female beauty in the economic and cultural modernization of the South. By showing how battles over beauty came to a head during the civil rights movement, Roberts sheds new light on the tactics southerners used to resist and achieve desegregation.
Author: Ginetta E. B. Candelario
Publisher: Duke University Press
ISBN: 9780822340379
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 364
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Book Description
An innovative historical and ethnographic examination of Dominican identity formation in the Dominican Republic and the United States.
Author: Library of Congress
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Catalogs, Union
Languages : en
Pages : 710
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Book Description
Author: Mary Ellen Huls
Publisher: Greenwood
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 512
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Book Description
Often ignored in bibliographies and indexes, U.S. government documents provide a rich resource for understanding the status of American women. Huls' two-volume bibliography provides easy subject access to some 7,000 documents on social and employment issues, spanning nearly two centuries. Annotated entries covering published reports of Congress, agencies, councils, and commissions are arranged chronologically within topical chapters. Volume II: Labor covers issues related to women in paid employment, including protective labor legislation, affirmative action, federal employment and training programs, vocational counseling, and day care. It lists over 3,000 documents. Each volume includes a detailed subject index.
