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Author: Robert Johansson
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
ISBN: 9179295061
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 201
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Book Description
This thesis presents Machine Psychology as an interdisciplinary paradigm that integrates learning psychology principles with an adaptive computer system for the development of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). By synthesizing behavioral psychology with a formal intelligence model, the Non-Axiomatic Reasoning System (NARS), this work explores the potential of operant conditioning paradigms to advance AGI research. The thesis begins by introducing the conceptual foundations of Machine Psychology, detailing its alignment with the theoretical constructs of learning psychology and the formalism of NARS. It then progresses through a series of empirical studies designed to systematically investigate the emergence of increasingly complex cognitive behaviors as NARS interacts with its environment. Initially, operant conditioning is established as a foundational principle for developing adaptive behavior with NARS. Subsequent chapters explore increasingly sophisticated cognitive capabilities, all studied with NARS using experimental paradigms from operant learning psychology: Generalized identity matching, Functional equivalence, and Arbitrarily Applicable Relational Responding. Throughout this research, Machine Psychology is demonstrated to be a promising framework for guiding AGI research, allowing both the manipulation of environmental contingencies and the system’s intrinsic logical processes. The thesis contributes to AGI research by showing how using operant psychological paradigms with NARS can enable cognitive abilities similar to human cognition. These findings set the stage for AGI systems that learn and adapt more like humans, potentially advancing the creation of more general and flexible AI. Denna avhandling introducerar Maskinpsykologi som ett tvärvetenskapligt område där principer från inlärningspsykologi integreras med ett adaptivt datorsystem. Genom att kombinera forskning från beteendepsykologi med en formell modell för intelligens (Non-Axiomatic Reasoning System; NARS), undersöker avhandlingen hur operant betingning kan användas för att driva utvecklingen av Artificiell General Intelligens (AGI) framåt. Avhandlingen börjar med att förklara grunderna i Maskinpsykologi och hur dessa relaterar till både inlärningspsykologi och NARS. Därefter presenteras en serie experiment som systematiskt undersöker hur allt mer komplexa kognitiva beteenden kan uppstå när NARS interagerar med sin omgivning. Till att börja med etableras operant betingning som en central metod för att utveckla adaptiva beteenden med NARS. I de följande kapitlen utforskas hur NARS, genom experiment inspirerade av operant inlärningspsykologi, kan utveckla mer avancerade kognitiva förmågor som till exempel generaliserad identitetsmatchning, funktionell ekvivalens och så kallade arbiträrt applicerbara relationsresponser. Denna forskning visar att Maskinpsykologi är ett lovande verktyg för att vägleda AGI-forskning, eftersom det möjliggör att både påverka omgivningsfaktorer och styra systemets interna logiska processer. Avhandlingen bidrar till AGI-forskning genom att visa hur operanta psykologiska metoder, tillämpade på NARS, kan möjliggöra kognitiva förmågor som liknar mänskligt tänkande. Dessa insikter öppnar nya möjligheter för att utveckla AI-system som kan lära sig och anpassa sig på ett mer mänskligt sätt, vilket kan leda till skapandet av mer generell och flexibel AI.
Author: Robert Johansson
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
ISBN: 9179295061
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 201
Get Book Here
Book Description
This thesis presents Machine Psychology as an interdisciplinary paradigm that integrates learning psychology principles with an adaptive computer system for the development of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). By synthesizing behavioral psychology with a formal intelligence model, the Non-Axiomatic Reasoning System (NARS), this work explores the potential of operant conditioning paradigms to advance AGI research. The thesis begins by introducing the conceptual foundations of Machine Psychology, detailing its alignment with the theoretical constructs of learning psychology and the formalism of NARS. It then progresses through a series of empirical studies designed to systematically investigate the emergence of increasingly complex cognitive behaviors as NARS interacts with its environment. Initially, operant conditioning is established as a foundational principle for developing adaptive behavior with NARS. Subsequent chapters explore increasingly sophisticated cognitive capabilities, all studied with NARS using experimental paradigms from operant learning psychology: Generalized identity matching, Functional equivalence, and Arbitrarily Applicable Relational Responding. Throughout this research, Machine Psychology is demonstrated to be a promising framework for guiding AGI research, allowing both the manipulation of environmental contingencies and the system’s intrinsic logical processes. The thesis contributes to AGI research by showing how using operant psychological paradigms with NARS can enable cognitive abilities similar to human cognition. These findings set the stage for AGI systems that learn and adapt more like humans, potentially advancing the creation of more general and flexible AI. Denna avhandling introducerar Maskinpsykologi som ett tvärvetenskapligt område där principer från inlärningspsykologi integreras med ett adaptivt datorsystem. Genom att kombinera forskning från beteendepsykologi med en formell modell för intelligens (Non-Axiomatic Reasoning System; NARS), undersöker avhandlingen hur operant betingning kan användas för att driva utvecklingen av Artificiell General Intelligens (AGI) framåt. Avhandlingen börjar med att förklara grunderna i Maskinpsykologi och hur dessa relaterar till både inlärningspsykologi och NARS. Därefter presenteras en serie experiment som systematiskt undersöker hur allt mer komplexa kognitiva beteenden kan uppstå när NARS interagerar med sin omgivning. Till att börja med etableras operant betingning som en central metod för att utveckla adaptiva beteenden med NARS. I de följande kapitlen utforskas hur NARS, genom experiment inspirerade av operant inlärningspsykologi, kan utveckla mer avancerade kognitiva förmågor som till exempel generaliserad identitetsmatchning, funktionell ekvivalens och så kallade arbiträrt applicerbara relationsresponser. Denna forskning visar att Maskinpsykologi är ett lovande verktyg för att vägleda AGI-forskning, eftersom det möjliggör att både påverka omgivningsfaktorer och styra systemets interna logiska processer. Avhandlingen bidrar till AGI-forskning genom att visa hur operanta psykologiska metoder, tillämpade på NARS, kan möjliggöra kognitiva förmågor som liknar mänskligt tänkande. Dessa insikter öppnar nya möjligheter för att utveckla AI-system som kan lära sig och anpassa sig på ett mer mänskligt sätt, vilket kan leda till skapandet av mer generell och flexibel AI.
Author: Hugo Jair Escalante
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319981315
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 305
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Book Description
This book compiles leading research on the development of explainable and interpretable machine learning methods in the context of computer vision and machine learning. Research progress in computer vision and pattern recognition has led to a variety of modeling techniques with almost human-like performance. Although these models have obtained astounding results, they are limited in their explainability and interpretability: what is the rationale behind the decision made? what in the model structure explains its functioning? Hence, while good performance is a critical required characteristic for learning machines, explainability and interpretability capabilities are needed to take learning machines to the next step to include them in decision support systems involving human supervision. This book, written by leading international researchers, addresses key topics of explainability and interpretability, including the following: · Evaluation and Generalization in Interpretable Machine Learning · Explanation Methods in Deep Learning · Learning Functional Causal Models with Generative Neural Networks · Learning Interpreatable Rules for Multi-Label Classification · Structuring Neural Networks for More Explainable Predictions · Generating Post Hoc Rationales of Deep Visual Classification Decisions · Ensembling Visual Explanations · Explainable Deep Driving by Visualizing Causal Attention · Interdisciplinary Perspective on Algorithmic Job Candidate Search · Multimodal Personality Trait Analysis for Explainable Modeling of Job Interview Decisions · Inherent Explainability Pattern Theory-based Video Event Interpretations
Author: J.-M. Hoc
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 1483295915
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 301
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Book Description
Psychology provides a backdrop for most of the study of human*b1computer interaction. In this volume the psychological issues that pertain to programming, rather than systems design, are examined in four sections: Theoretical and Methodological Issues; Language Design and Skill Acquisition; Expert Programming; and the Future.****The book was inspired by working groups in France and the United Kingdom but also includes work by major North American figures (such as Curtis and Soloway). It is the first comprehensive work on this topic since the early 1980s.
Author: David Adams Leeming
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 038771801X
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 1023
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Book Description
Integrating psychology and religion, this unique encyclopedia offers a rich contribution to the development of human self-understanding. It provides an intellectually rigorous collection of psychological interpretations of the stories, rituals, motifs, symbols, doctrines, dogmas, and experiences of the world’s religious traditions. Easy-to-read, the encyclopedia draws from forty different religions, including modern world religions and older religious movements. It is of particular interest to researchers and professionals in psychology and religion.
Author: Johannes Fürnkranz
Publisher: Nova Publishers
ISBN: 9781590330210
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 318
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Book Description
The mind-set that has dominated the history of computer game playing relies on straightforward exploitation of the available computing power. The fact that a machine can explore millions of variations sooner than the sluggish human can wink an eye has inspired hopes that the mystery of intelligence can be cracked, or at least side-stepped, by sheer force. Decades of the steadily growing strength of computer programs have attested to the soundness of this approach. It is clear that deeper understanding can cut the amount of necessary calculations by orders of magnitude. The papers collected in this volume describe how to instill learning skills in game playing machines. The reader is asked to keep in mind that this is not just about games -- the possibility that the discussed techniques will be used in control systems and in decision support always looms in the background.
Author: Katharina Gangl
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN: 1788116062
Category : Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 229
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Book Description
This book presents state of the art reviews on classical and novel research fields in economic psychology. Internationally acknowledged experts and the next generation of younger researchers summarize the knowledge in their fields and outline promising avenues of future research. Chapters include fundamental as well as applied research topics such as the psychology of money, experience-based product design and the enhancement of financial capabilities. The book is targeted particularly towards researchers and advanced students looking to update their knowledge and refresh their thinking on future research developments.
Author: Morteza Dehghani
Publisher: Guilford Publications
ISBN: 1462548431
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 650
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Book Description
Recent years have seen an explosion of interest in the use of computerized text analysis methods to address basic psychological questions. This comprehensive handbook brings together leading language analysis scholars to present foundational concepts and methods for investigating human thought, feeling, and behavior using language. Contributors work toward integrating psychological science and theory with natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning. Ethical issues in working with natural language data sets are discussed in depth. The volume showcases NLP-driven techniques and applications in areas including interpersonal relationships, personality, morality, deception, social biases, political psychology, psychopathology, and public health.
Author: Warren Kinghorn
Publisher: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing
ISBN: 1467465089
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 367
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Book Description
A theologically and scientifically engaged exploration of modern mental health care The current model of mental health care doesn’t see people: it sees sets of symptoms that need fixing. While modern psychiatry has improved many patients’ quality of life, it falls short in addressing their relational and spiritual needs. As a theologian and practicing psychiatrist, Warren Kinghorn shares a Christian vision of accompanying those facing mental health challenges. Kinghorn reviews the successes and limitations of modern mental health care before offering an alternative paradigm of healing. Based in the theology of Thomas Aquinas, this model of personhood affirms four truths: We are known and loved by God. We are creatures made of earth who are formed in community. We are wayfarers on a journey. We are called not to control, but to wonder, love, praise, and rest. Drawing on theological wisdom and scientific evidence, Kinghorn reframes our understanding of mental health care from fixing machines to attending fellow wayfarers on the way to the Lord’s feast. With gentle guidance and practical suggestions, Wayfaring is an essential resource for pastors and practitioners as well as for Christians who seek mental health care.
Author: Abhishek Kathuria
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031600037
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 141
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Book Description
Author: Kajsa Weibull
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
ISBN: 9180758053
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 115
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Book Description
Driving an emergency vehicle can be difficult. The driver of the emergency vehicle must navigate, communicate with emergency services, often drive at high speeds, and take surrounding traffic into account. Civilian drivers are required by law to give way to emergency vehicles with lights and sirens activated. Despite this, they sometimes fail to move over. One reason is not noticing the emergency vehicle in time. This dissertation aims to understand how technology can support civilian drivers in their interactions with emergency vehicles. One form of technology used to make drivers move over is emergency vehicle lighting. The results of this dissertation show that alternative designs of emergency vehicle lighting can affect driver behavior and that the current designs are not always suited to promote the most desirable driver behavior. Another technological approach to supporting drivers in their interactions with emergency vehicles is the use of Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS). One C-ITS service is the Emergency Vehicle Approaching (EVA) warning. An EVA warning is an early in-car warning sent out to the driver before being overtaken by an emergency vehicle, providing more time to move over. Three driving simulator studies with EVA warnings were conducted in this dissertation. The results indicate that EVA warnings make drivers move over more quickly and thereby decrease delay time for emergency vehicles. Furthermore, there is a learning effect when receiving multiple EVA warnings, implying that drivers move over more quickly once they are familiar with the system. One of the simulator studies used eye tracking and showed that EVA warnings make drivers scan mirrors earlier, compared to when not receiving an EVA warning. An EVA warning is distributed based on the most probable path of the emergency vehicle. If the driver of the emergency vehicle decides on another route, there is a risk of false EVA warnings. Therefore, this dissertation explored how false alarms, and false expectations of EVA warnings, affect drivers. Receiving false alarms makes drivers move over more slowly in future interactions and negatively affects attitudes toward the EVA system. Furthermore, wrongly expecting an EVA warning makes drivers less attentive to the road ahead. In conclusion, both emergency vehicle lighting and EVA warnings can support civilian drivers in their interactions with emergency vehicles. It can decrease the risks of both collisions and delays. However, to implement a large-scale deployment of C-ITS, Sweden needs digital infrastructure to support secure data exchange Att framföra ett utryckningsfordon är utmanande. Utryckningsföraren förväntas navigera, kommunicera med larmcentralen, framföra utryckningsfordonet i inte sällan höga hastigheter och samtidigt ta hänsyn till omgivande trafik. Bilister är enligt lag tvungna att lämna fri väg för utryckningsfordon med blåljus och sirener. Trots det misslyckas ibland förare med att lämna fri väg. En anledning är att de inte hinner uppfatta utryckningsfordonet i tid. Syftet med denna avhandling är att förstå hur teknik kan stödja förare vid interaktioner med utryckningsfordon. En form av teknik som används för att få förare att lämna fri väg är blåljus. Resultaten av denna avhandling visar att alternativa designlösningar för blåljus kan påverka förarnas beteende och att de nu-varande utformningarna inte alltid är optimala för att främja det mest önskvärda förarbeteendet. En annan metod för att stötta förare i deras interaktion med utryckningsfordon är uppkopplad fordonsteknik, så kallat Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS). En typ av C-ITS-tjänst är Emergency Vehicle Approaching (EVA)-varningar. En EVA-varning är en tidig varning som skickas ut till bilisten innan utryckningsfordonet kör ikapp, vilket ger föraren mer tid att lämna fri väg. Tre förarsimulatorstudier med EVA-varningar genomfördes inom ramen för avhandlingen. Resultaten visar på att EVA-varningar kan få förare att lämna fri väg snabbare och därmed minska förseningar för utryckningsfordon. Dessutom finns det en inlärningseffekt med EVA varningar som innebär att förare lämnar fri väg snabbare när de är bekanta med EVA systemet. I en av simulatorstudierna användes ögonrörelsemätning som visade att EVA-varningar får förare att skanna av speglarna i bilen tidigare, jämfört med när de inte får någon EVA-varning. En EVA-varning distribueras baserat på den mest sannolika vägen för utryckningsfordonet. Om föraren av utryckningsfordonet väljer en annan väg finns det risk för falska EVA-varningar. I den här avhandlingen undersöktes därför hur falska larm och en falsk förväntan om EVA-varningar påverkar förare. Att ta emot falska larm påverkade förarnas framtida interaktioner och inställning till EVA-systemet. Dessutom gjorde en felaktig förväntan på en EVA-varning till att förarna var mindre uppmärksamma på vägen framför dem. Sammanfattningsvis kan både blåljus och EVA-varningar stödja civila förare i interaktionen med utryckningsfordon. Varningssystemen kan minska riskerna för både kollisioner och förseningar. För att genomföra en storskalig utbyggnad av C-ITS behöver Sverige dock en digital infrastruktur för att stödja säkert datautbyte.
