Confronting the Shadow Education System

Confronting the Shadow Education System PDF Author: Mark Bray
Publisher: United Nations Educational, Scientific & Cultural Organization
ISBN:
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 146

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Book Description
This book focuses on the so-called shadow education system of private supplementary tutoring. In parts of East Asia it has long existed on a large scale and it is now becoming increasingly evident in other parts of Asia and in Africa, Europe and North America. Pupils commonly receive fee-free education in public schools and then at the end of the day and/or during week-ends and vacations supplementary tutoring in the same subjects on a fee-paying basis.Supplementary private tutoring can have positive dimensions. It helps students to cover the curriculum, provides a structured occupation for pupils outside school hours, and provides incomes for the tutors. However, tutoring may also have negative dimensions. If left to market forces, tutoring is likely to maintain and increase social inequalities, and it can create excessive pressure for young people who have inadequate time for non-academic activities. Especially problematic are situations in which school teachers provide extra tutoring in exchange for fees from their regular pupils.This book begins by surveying the scale, nature and implications of the shadow education system in a range of settings. It then identifies possible government responses to the phenomenon and encourages a proactive approach to designing appropriate policies.

Confronting the Shadow Education System

Confronting the Shadow Education System PDF Author: Mark Bray
Publisher: United Nations Educational, Scientific & Cultural Organization
ISBN:
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 146

Get Book Here

Book Description
This book focuses on the so-called shadow education system of private supplementary tutoring. In parts of East Asia it has long existed on a large scale and it is now becoming increasingly evident in other parts of Asia and in Africa, Europe and North America. Pupils commonly receive fee-free education in public schools and then at the end of the day and/or during week-ends and vacations supplementary tutoring in the same subjects on a fee-paying basis.Supplementary private tutoring can have positive dimensions. It helps students to cover the curriculum, provides a structured occupation for pupils outside school hours, and provides incomes for the tutors. However, tutoring may also have negative dimensions. If left to market forces, tutoring is likely to maintain and increase social inequalities, and it can create excessive pressure for young people who have inadequate time for non-academic activities. Especially problematic are situations in which school teachers provide extra tutoring in exchange for fees from their regular pupils.This book begins by surveying the scale, nature and implications of the shadow education system in a range of settings. It then identifies possible government responses to the phenomenon and encourages a proactive approach to designing appropriate policies.

The Theory of Sets of Points

The Theory of Sets of Points PDF Author: W. H. Young
Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.
ISBN: 1470409623
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 346

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Book Description
From the Preface to the first edition (1906): "A few of the most modern books on the Theory of Functions devote some pages to the establishment of certain results belonging to our subject, and required for the special purposes in hand... But we may fairly claim that the present work is the first attempt at a systematic exposition of the subject as a whole."

Eat Sleep Bagpipes Repeat

Eat Sleep Bagpipes Repeat PDF Author: Mirako Press
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781723229053
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 104

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Book Description
This adorable music notebook is perfect for staffs, kids and musicians. The high-quality manuscript book includes 110 pages of 12 staves. Let exercise your composing skills with this well-designed music sketchbook! Enjoy!

Jewish American Literature

Jewish American Literature PDF Author: Jules Chametzky
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
ISBN: 9780393048094
Category : Fiction
Languages : en
Pages : 1264

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Book Description
A collection of Jewish-American literature written by various authors between 1656 and 1990.

I Remember

I Remember PDF Author: Georges Perec
Publisher: Gallic Books
ISBN: 9781910477854
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Book Description
'Perec is serious fun' The Guardian Both an affectionate portrait of mid-century Paris and a daring memoir, Georges Perec's I Remember is now available in English to UK readers for the first time, with an introduction by David Bellos. In 480 numbered statements, all beginning identically with 'I remember', Perec records a stream of individual memories of a childhood in post-war France, while posing wider questions about memory and nostalgia. As playful and puzzling as the best of his novels, I Remember is an ode to life: the ordinary, the extraordinary, and the sometimes trivial, as seen through the eyes of the irreplaceable Georges Perec.

The Ubu Plays

The Ubu Plays PDF Author: Jeff Goode
Publisher: Baker's Plays
ISBN: 9780874400519
Category : Drama
Languages : en
Pages : 108

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Book Description


The Art of Asking Your Boss for a Raise

The Art of Asking Your Boss for a Raise PDF Author: Georges Perec
Publisher: Verso Books
ISBN: 178478656X
Category : Fiction
Languages : en
Pages : 113

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Book Description
Darkly funny account of the office worker’s mindset by the celebrated French novelist A long-suffering employee in a big corporation has summoned up the courage to ask for a raise. But as he runs through the looming encounter in his mind, his neuroses come to the surface: What is the best day to see the boss? What if he doesn’t offer you a seat when you go into his office? The Art of Asking Your Boss for a Raise is a hilarious account of an employee losing his identity—and possibly his sanity—as he tries to put on the most acceptable face for the corporate world,with its rigid hierarchies and hostility to new ideas. If he follows a certain course of action, so this logic goes, he will succeed—but, in accepting these conditions, are his attempts to challenge his world of work doomed from the outset? Neurotic and pessimistic, yet endearing, comic and never less than entertaining, Perec’s Woody Allen-esque underling presents an acute and penetrating vision of the world of office work, as pertinent today as it was when it was written in 1968.

Children of Clay

Children of Clay PDF Author: Raymond Queneau
Publisher: Sun and Moon Press
ISBN:
Category : French fiction
Languages : en
Pages : 450

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Book Description
A portrait of French society in the first half of the century. The protagonists are the family of a man who made a fortune from wireless radio and the novel follows their intrigues, which are of great interest to their employees.

Cours élémentaire d'arithmétique théorique et pratique à l'usage des écoles moyennes et des athénées

Cours élémentaire d'arithmétique théorique et pratique à l'usage des écoles moyennes et des athénées PDF Author: M. Haccour
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Arithmetic
Languages : fr
Pages : 140

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Book Description


Impressions of Africa

Impressions of Africa PDF Author: Raymond Roussel
Publisher: Calder Publications
ISBN: 9780714548586
Category : Fiction
Languages : en
Pages : 256

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Book Description
The first of Roussel's two major prose works, Impressions of Africa is not, as the title may suggest, a conventional travel account, but an adventure story put together in a highly individual fashion and with an unusual time sequence, whereby the reader is even made to choose whether to begin with the first or the tenth chapter. A veritable literary melting pot, Roussel's groundbreaking text makes ample use of wordplay and the surrealist techniques of automatic writing and private allusion.