Electromechanobiology of Cartilage and Osteoarthritis PDF Download
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Author: Brianne K. Connizzo
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031255887
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 182
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Book Description
This is an open access book. In honor of his 75th birthday, we reflect on the impact of the pioneering work of Alan Grodzinsky and his laboratory. This volume includes in-depth discussions of tissue electromechanics, mechanobiology and biomechanics, and matrix biology in addition to the latest advancements in understanding the pathogenesis, progression and treatment of osteoarthritis. Unique to this volume, we overview decades of groundbreaking research that set the stage for the latest efforts in the field, highlighting the legacy of one researcher and their trainees.
Author: Brianne K. Connizzo
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031255887
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 182
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Book Description
This is an open access book. In honor of his 75th birthday, we reflect on the impact of the pioneering work of Alan Grodzinsky and his laboratory. This volume includes in-depth discussions of tissue electromechanics, mechanobiology and biomechanics, and matrix biology in addition to the latest advancements in understanding the pathogenesis, progression and treatment of osteoarthritis. Unique to this volume, we overview decades of groundbreaking research that set the stage for the latest efforts in the field, highlighting the legacy of one researcher and their trainees.
Author: Massimo Sabatini
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1592598102
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 362
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Book Description
Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common form of arthritis, is generally characterized by a slowly progressive degeneration of articular cartilage, particularly in the weight-bearing joints. It has a stronger prevalence in women, and its incidence increases with age. OA is a major and growing health concern in developed countries, owing to steadily increasing life expectancy and the demand for better quality of life. Because of its chronic nature and nonfatal outcome, OA affects the growing population of the elderly over an increasing time span. Moreover, despite its relatively benign character, OA is one of the most disabling diseases; it is responsible for increasing financial and social burdens in terms of medical treatments, forced inactivity, loss of mobility, and dependence. Despite a growing awareness of OA as a medical problem that has yet to reach its maximum impact on society, there is a surprising absence of effective medical treatments beyond pain control and surgery. So far, only symptom-modifying drugs are available, while there remains a major demand for disease-modifying treatments of proven clinical efficacy. This demand will hopefully be met in the future by some of the drugs that have been pressed into development and are now at different stages of clinical investigation. Nevertheless, the current lack of effective treatments reflects a still insufficient knowledge of cartilage with respect to its metabolism, interactions with other joint tissues, and causes and mechanisms (possibly of very different nature) leading to failure of its turnover.
Author: Aslak Tveito
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030611574
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 116
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Book Description
This open access volume presents a novel computational framework for understanding how collections of excitable cells work. The key approach in the text is to model excitable tissue by representing the individual cells constituting the tissue. This is in stark contrast to the common approach where homogenization is used to develop models where the cells are not explicitly present. The approach allows for very detailed analysis of small collections of excitable cells, but computational challenges limit the applicability in the presence of large collections of cells.
Author: Anders Bondeson
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387261583
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 232
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Book Description
Describes most popular computational methods used to solve problems in electromagnetics Matlab code is included throughout, so that the reader can implement the various techniques discussed Exercises included
Author: Joshua Dale Webb
Publisher: Stanford University
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 73
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Book Description
The shoulder bones provide few constraints on motion. Therefore, stability must be maintained by muscles and ligaments. Shoulder mobility allows versatility of function, but makes the shoulder prone to injury. A better understanding of the role of muscle in shoulder mechanics is needed to improve the treatment of shoulder injuries and pathologies. Computational models provide a valuable framework for characterizing joint mechanics. Previous shoulder models have used simple representations of muscle architecture and geometry that may not capture the details needed to fully understand muscle function. The purpose of this dissertation was to create a detailed 3D finite element model of the deltoid and the four rotator cuff muscles. This model was then used to characterize the muscle contributions to joint motion and stability. The model was constructed from magnetic resonance images of a healthy shoulder. From the images, the 3D geometry of the muscles, tendons and bones was acquired. A finite element mesh was constructed and the 3D trajectories of the muscle fibers were mapped onto the finite element mesh. A hyperelastic, transversely-isotropic material model was used to represent the nonlinear stress-strain relationship of muscle. Bone motions were prescribed and the resulting muscle deformations were simulated using an implicit finite element solver. To characterize muscle contributions to joint motion, we calculated moment arms for each modeled muscle fiber. We found that 3D models predicted substantial variability in moment arms across fibers within each muscle, which is not generally represented in line segment models. We also discovered that for muscles with large attachment regions, such as deltoid, the line segment models under constrained the muscle paths in some cases. As a result, line segment based moment arms changed more with joint rotation than moment arms predicted by the 3D models. Glenohumeral instability is common, and difficult to treat. To better understand the mechanics of instability we used the 3D model to investigate the role of the muscles in stabilizing the glenohumeral joint by simulating joint translations. We found that at the neutral position, anterior deltoid provides the largest potential to resist anterior translation which counters the conclusions of conventional line segment models. This is the result of compression generated by muscle contact, which must be considered when characterizing the ability of muscle to resist joint translation. This dissertation provides a new computational method for analyzing shoulder mechanics, and demonstrates the importance of 3D analysis when investigating the complex function of shoulder muscles.
Author: Klaus E. Kuettner
Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
ISBN:
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 808
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Book Description
Author: Kyriacos A. Athanasiou
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1498706231
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 660
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Book Description
This book covers the latest research and advancements related to articular cartilage in biology, development, pathology, clinical applications and tissue engineering. The authors take an interdisciplinary approach that encompasses the breadth and depth of basic science, bioengineering, translational science and detailed methological approaches. It is designed to be an all encompassing encyclopedia of articular cartilage. Written at a level that allows wide accessibility, the book’s comprehensive focus on multiple aspects of articular cartilage sets it apart from other books.
Author: J. F. Stoltz
Publisher: IOS Press
ISBN: 9781586039271
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 372
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Book Description
This book covers the proceedings of the Fifth Symposium on Mechanobiology of Cartilage and Chondrocyte. Mechanobiology can be now considered as a vigorous branch of biomechanics, biorheology and physiology mainly concerned with the study of the influence of mechanical forces on cells and tissues and their clinical or therapeutical applications. As we are now in the age of proteomics, genomics and cell micro mechanical approaches, suing methods like laser tweezers or confocal microscopy, mechanobiology brings new challenges. With such new research, mechanobiology promises new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. In other respect there has been increasing interest over recent years in the fundamental role played by local mechanical parameters in chondrocyte regulations and cartilage dysfunctions as a first step in the development of osteoarthritis. These proceedings are sub-divided into four parts: Theoretical approaches and mechanobiology of chondrocyte; Cartilage and chondrocyte studies; Osteoarthritis: inflammation degradation and clinical approaches; and, Cartilage engineering
Author: Kyriacos A. Athanasiou
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN: 1598298755
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 183
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Book Description
Cartilage injuries in children and adolescents are increasingly observed, with roughly 20% of knee injuries in adolescents requiring surgery. In the US alone, costs of osteoarthritis (OA) are in excess of $65 billion per year (both medical costs and lost wages). Comorbidities are common with OA and are also costly to manage. Articular cartilage's low friction and high capacity to bear load makes it critical in the movement of one bone against another, and its lack of a sustained natural healing response has necessitated a plethora of therapies. Tissue engineering is an emerging technology at the threshold of translation to clinical use. Replacement cartilage can be constructed in the laboratory to recapitulate the functional requirements of native tissues. This book outlines the biomechanical and biochemical characteristics of articular cartilage in both normal and pathological states, through development and aging. It also provides a historical perspective of past and current cartilage treatments and previous tissue engineering efforts. Methods and standards for evaluating the function of engineered tissues are discussed, and current cartilage products are presented with an analysis on the United States Food and Drug Administration regulatory pathways that products must follow to market. This book was written to serve as a reference for researchers seeking to learn about articular cartilage, for undergraduate and graduate level courses, and as a compendium of articular cartilage tissue engineering design criteria. Table of Contents: Hyaline Articular Cartilage / Cartilage Aging and Pathology / In Vitro / Bioreactors / Future Directions
Author: Joseph A. Buckwalter
Publisher: IOS Press
ISBN: 1586037730
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 316
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Book Description
Osteoarthritis is a public health issue due to its impact in term of handicap. Regarded as a multi-factorial disease, mechanistic and inflammatory theories are no more opposed but, on the contrary, are framed within the same continuum: osteoarthritis, inflammation and degeneration. This book helps readers understand the secrets of this disease.
