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Author: Paul H. Matter
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Catalysts
Languages : en
Pages : 333
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Book Description
Abstract: In the field of catalysis, the development of alternative catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) cathodes has been an ongoing task for researchers over the past two decades. Currently, the high expense and low availability of platinum will hinder the large-scale commercialization of PEM fuel cells. The most hopeful advances being made in replacing platinum are related to pyrolyzed organic macrocycles with transition metal centers (such as Fe or Co porphyrins and phthalocyanines). Encouragingly, it has recently been discovered that active electrodes could be prepared by heat-treating metal and nitrogen precursors (not necessarily organic macrocycles) together in the presence of a carbon support. In the first study of this dissertation, catalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) were prepared by the pyrolysis of acetonitrile over various supports. The supports used included Vulcan Carbon, high purity alumina, silica, magnesia, and these same supports impregnated with Fe, Co, or Ni in the form of acetate salt. The catalysts were characterized by N2 physisorption, conductivity testing, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Temperature Programmed Oxidation (TPO), Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Photo-electron Spectroscopy (XPS), Mössbauer Spectroscopy, Rotating Ring-Disk Electrode (RRDE) half cell testing, and full PEMFC testing. The most active catalysts were formed when Fe was added to the support before the pyrolysis; however, samples in which no metal was added still showed elevated activity for oxygen reduction. Within a support family, the more active catalysts had a higher amount of pyridinic nitrogen, as determined from XPS. A theory has been proposed to explain this trend based on the formation of different nanostructures depending on which support material is used for the acetonitrile decomposition. According to this theory, nitrogen-containing carbon samples with nanostructures that result in more edge planes being exposed (the plane in which pyridinic nitrogen is found) will be more active for the ORR. In volume II of this dissertation, Cu-based catalysts for hydrogen production from methanol and water were studied. These catalysts have applications for mobile fuel cells that rely on hydrogen production from easier to store liquid fuels, such as methanol.
Author: Paul H. Matter
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Catalysts
Languages : en
Pages : 333
Get Book Here
Book Description
Abstract: In the field of catalysis, the development of alternative catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) cathodes has been an ongoing task for researchers over the past two decades. Currently, the high expense and low availability of platinum will hinder the large-scale commercialization of PEM fuel cells. The most hopeful advances being made in replacing platinum are related to pyrolyzed organic macrocycles with transition metal centers (such as Fe or Co porphyrins and phthalocyanines). Encouragingly, it has recently been discovered that active electrodes could be prepared by heat-treating metal and nitrogen precursors (not necessarily organic macrocycles) together in the presence of a carbon support. In the first study of this dissertation, catalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) were prepared by the pyrolysis of acetonitrile over various supports. The supports used included Vulcan Carbon, high purity alumina, silica, magnesia, and these same supports impregnated with Fe, Co, or Ni in the form of acetate salt. The catalysts were characterized by N2 physisorption, conductivity testing, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Temperature Programmed Oxidation (TPO), Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Photo-electron Spectroscopy (XPS), Mössbauer Spectroscopy, Rotating Ring-Disk Electrode (RRDE) half cell testing, and full PEMFC testing. The most active catalysts were formed when Fe was added to the support before the pyrolysis; however, samples in which no metal was added still showed elevated activity for oxygen reduction. Within a support family, the more active catalysts had a higher amount of pyridinic nitrogen, as determined from XPS. A theory has been proposed to explain this trend based on the formation of different nanostructures depending on which support material is used for the acetonitrile decomposition. According to this theory, nitrogen-containing carbon samples with nanostructures that result in more edge planes being exposed (the plane in which pyridinic nitrogen is found) will be more active for the ORR. In volume II of this dissertation, Cu-based catalysts for hydrogen production from methanol and water were studied. These catalysts have applications for mobile fuel cells that rely on hydrogen production from easier to store liquid fuels, such as methanol.
Author: Jiujun Zhang
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1848009364
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1147
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Book Description
Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells are promising clean energy converting devices with high efficiency and low to zero emissions. Such power sources can be used in transportation, stationary, portable and micro power applications. The key components of these fuel cells are catalysts and catalyst layers. “PEM Fuel Cell Electrocatalysts and Catalyst Layers” provides a comprehensive, in-depth survey of the field, presented by internationally renowned fuel cell scientists. The opening chapters introduce the fundamentals of electrochemical theory and fuel cell catalysis. Later chapters investigate the synthesis, characterization, and activity validation of PEM fuel cell catalysts. Further chapters describe in detail the integration of the electrocatalyst/catalyst layers into the fuel cell, and their performance validation. Researchers and engineers in the fuel cell industry will find this book a valuable resource, as will students of electrochemical engineering and catalyst synthesis.
Author: Gerd Sandstede
Publisher: University of Washington Press
ISBN: 9780295951782
Category : Catalysts
Languages : en
Pages : 415
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Book Description
Author: Minhua Shao
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3038422347
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 689
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Book Description
This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Electrocatalysis in Fuel Cells" that was published in Catalysts
Author: Andrzej Wieckowski
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470131160
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 733
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Book Description
Wiley Series on Electrocatalysis and Electrochemistry Fuel Cell Catalysis A Surface Science Approach A Core reference on fuel cell catalysis Fuel cells represent an important alternative energy source and a very active area of research. Fuel Cell Catalysis brings together world leaders in this field, providing a unique combination of state-of-the-art theory and computational and experimental methods. With an emphasis on understanding fuel cell catalysis at the molecular level, this text covers fundamental principles, future challenges, and important current research themes. Fuel Cell Catalysis: Provides a molecular-level description of catalysis for low-temperature polymer-electrolyte membrane fuel cells, including both hydrogen-oxygen cells and direct alcohol cells Examines catalysis issues of both anode and cathode such as oxygen reduction, alcohol oxidation, and CO tolerance Features a timely and forward-looking approach through emphasis on novel aspects such as computation and bio-inspiration Reviews the use and potential of surface-sensitive techniques like vibrational spectroscopy (IR, Raman, nonlinear spectroscopy, laser), scanning tunneling microscopy, X-ray scattering, NMR, electrochemical techniques, and more Reviews the use and potential of such modern computational techniques as DFT, ab initio MD, kinetic Monte Carlo simulations, and more Surveys important trends in reactivity and structure sensitivity, nanoparticles, "dynamic" catalysis, electrocatalysis vs. gas-phase catalysis, new experimental techniques, and nontraditional catalysts This cutting-edge collection offers a core reference for electrochemists, electrocatalysis researchers, surface and physical chemists, chemical and automotive engineers, and researchers in academia, research institutes, and industry.
Author: Andrzej Wieckowski
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118063112
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 652
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Book Description
A comprehensive survey of theoretical andexperimental concepts in fuel cell chemistry Fuel cell science is undergoing significant development, thanks, in part, to a spectacular evolution of the electrocatalysis concepts, and both new theoretical and experimental methods. Responding to the need for a definitive guide to the field, Fuel Cell Science provides an up-to-date, comprehensive compendium of both theoretical and experimental aspects of the field. Designed to inspire scientists to think about the future of fuel cell technology, Fuel Cell Science addresses the emerging field of bio-electrocatalysis and the theory of heterogeneous reactions in fuel cell science and proposes potential applications for electrochemical energy production. The book is thorough in its coverage of the electron transfer process and structure of the electric double layer, as well as the development of operando measurements. Among other subjects, chapters describe: Recently developed strategies for the design, preparation, and characterization of catalytic materials for fuel cell electrodes, especially for new fuel cell cathodes A wide spectrum of theoretical and computational methods, with?the aim of?developing?new fuel cell catalysis concepts and improving existing designs to increase their performance.? Edited by two leading faculty, the book: Addresses the emerging fields of bio-electrocatalysis for fuel cells and theory of heterogeneous reactions for use in fuel cell catalysis Provides a survey of experimental and theoretical concepts in these new fields Shows the evolution of electrocatalysis concepts Describes the chemical physics of fuel cell reactions Forecasts future developments in electrochemical energy production and conversion Written for electrochemists and electrochemistry graduate students, electrocatalysis researchers, surface and physical chemists, chemical engineers, automotive engineers, and fuel cell and energy-related researchers, this modern compendium can help today's best minds meet the challenges in fuel science technology.
Author: Thandavarayan Maiyalagan
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527341323
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 614
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Book Description
Meeting the need for a text on solutions to conditions which have so far been a drawback for this important and trend-setting technology, this monograph places special emphasis on novel, alternative catalysts of low temperature fuel cells. Comprehensive in its coverage, the text discusses not only the electrochemical, mechanistic, and material scientific background, but also provides extensive chapters on the design and fabrication of electrocatalysts. A valuable resource aimed at multidisciplinary audiences in the fields of academia and industry.
Author: Abhijit Ray
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1789848121
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 130
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Book Description
The book starts with a theoretical understanding of electrocatalysis in the framework of density functional theory followed by a vivid review of oxygen reduction reactions. A special emphasis has been placed on electrocatalysts for a proton-exchange membrane-based fuel cell where graphene with noble metal dispersion plays a significant role in electron transfer at thermodynamically favourable conditions. The latter part of the book deals with two 2D materials with high economic viability and process ability and MoS2 and WS2 for their prospects in water-splitting from renewable energy.
Author: Fatih Şen
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128217146
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 556
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Book Description
Nanomaterials for Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells explains nanomaterials and nanocomposites as well as the characterization, manufacturing, and design of alcohol fuel cell applications. The advantages of direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFCs) are significant for reliable and long-lasting portable power sources used in devices such as mobile phones and computers. Even though substantial improvements have been made in DAFC systems over the last decade, more effort is needed to commercialize DAFCs by producing durable, low-cost, and smaller-sized devices. Nanomaterials have an important role to play in achieving this aim. The use of nanotechnology in DAFCs is vital due to their role in the synthesis of nanocatalysts within the manufacturing process. Lately, nanocatalysts containing carbon such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, and carbon nanocoils have also attracted much attention. When compared to traditional materials, carbon-based materials have unique advantages, such as high corrosion resistance, better electrical conductivity, and less catalyst poisoning. This book also covers different aspects of nanocomposites fabrication, including their preparation, design, and characterization techniques for their fuel cell applications. This book is an important reference source for materials scientists, engineers, energy scientists, and electrochemists who are seeking to improve their understanding of how nanomaterials are being used to enhance the efficiency and lower the cost of DAFCs. - Shows how nanomaterials are being used for the design and manufacture of DAFCs - Explores how nanotechnology is being used to enhance the synthesis and catalysis processes to create the next generation of fuel cells - Assesses the major challenges of producing nanomaterial-based DAFCs on an industrial scale
Author: Jiujun Zhang
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527323775
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 605
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Book Description
This first book to focus on a comprehensive description on DMFC electrocatalysis draws a clear picture of the current status of DMFC technology, especially the advances, challenges and perspectives in the field. Leading researchers from universities, government laboratories and fuel cell industries in North America, Europe and Asia share their knowledge and information on recent advances in the fundamental theories, experimental methodologies and research achievements. In order to help readers better understand the science and technology of the subject, some important and representative figures, tables, photos, and comprehensive lists of reference papers are also included, such that all the information needed on this topic may be easily located. An indispensable source for physical, catalytic, electro- and solid state chemists, as well as materials scientists and chemists in industry.
