ELABORATION DE NOUVEAUX MATERIAUX ORGANOPHOSPHORES POUR LES BESOINS DE L'OPTIQUE NON LINEAIRE PDF Download
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Author: KATHLEEN.. CHANE CHING
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages : 154
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LE TRAVAIL PRESENTE DANS CE MEMOIRE DE THESE CONCERNE LA SYNTHESE ET L'ETUDE DE MOLECULES ET MATERIAUX PRESENTANT DES PROPRIETES OPTIQUES NON LINEAIRES. L'ORIGINALITE DES MOLECULES ETUDIEES CONSISTE EN LA NATURE DE LEUR GROUPEMENT ATTRACTEUR, LE DIPHENYLPHOSPHORYLE, UTILISE POUR LA PREMIERE FOIS EN OPTIQUE NON LINEAIRE. L'EFFICACITE DE CE NOUVEAU GROUPEMENT A ETE DEMONTREE PAR L'ETUDE DE TROIS MOLECULES MODELES. CES MOLECULES POSSEDENT UN GROUPEMENT DONNEUR COMMUN, LE DIMETHYLAMINO, ET DES TRANSMETTEURS D'ELECTRONS DIFFERENTS (BIPHENYLE, STILBENYLE ET 4-(PHENYL)AZOPHENYLE). L'ETUDE DE LEURS CARACTERISTIQUES MICROSCOPIQUES PAR DIFFERENTES METHODES SPECTROSCOPIQUES (INFRA-ROUGE, UV/VISIBLE), PAR DES CALCULS THEORIQUES ET PAR DETERMINATION DE LEURS HYPERPOLARISABILITES QUADRATIQUES ONT PERMIS L'INTERPRETATION RATIONNELLE DES PHENOMENES NON LINEAIRES ENGENDRES PAR CES NOUVEAUX COMPOSES. LEUR COMPORTEMENT NON LINEAIRE S'EST REVELE EQUIVALENT A CELUI DE MOLECULES REFERENCES (BETA(O)= 32 A 63.10#-#3#0 ESU). DE PLUS, LE GROUPEMENT PHOSPHORYLE PRESENTE L'INTERET DE POUVOIR PORTER DES SUBSTITUANTS ENCOMBRANT. CETTE PARTICULARITE EST EFFECTIVEMENT MISE A PROFIT DANS DES MATERIAUX POLYMERES DE TYPE POLYMETHACRYLATE ET POLYURETHANE ELABORES EN UTILISANT DES MOLECULES DERIVEES DES COMPOSES MODELES ETUDIES. LA TAILLE IMPORTANTE DU GROUPEMENT DIPHENYLPHOSPHORYLE CONTRIBUE A L'OBTENTION DE POLYMERES A TEMPERATURE DE TRANSITION VITREUSE ELEVEE (TV = 120 A 163C) QUI EST UNE CARACTERISTIQUE RECHERCHEE POUR ASSURER UNE BONNE STABILITE TEMPORELLE DU MATERIAU. LES FILMS MINCES, OBTENUS PAR DEPOT A LA TOURNETTE SONT ORIENTES SOUS CHAMP PAR LA METHODE CORONA. CES MATERIAUX PRESENTENT DES SUSCEPTIBILITES QUADRATIQUES EQUIVALENTES A CELLES DES POLYMERES LES PLUS EFFICACES EN OPTIQUE NON LINEAIRE (D#3#3=70 A 135 PMV#-#1 A 1064 NM)
Author: KATHLEEN.. CHANE CHING
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages : 154
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Book Description
LE TRAVAIL PRESENTE DANS CE MEMOIRE DE THESE CONCERNE LA SYNTHESE ET L'ETUDE DE MOLECULES ET MATERIAUX PRESENTANT DES PROPRIETES OPTIQUES NON LINEAIRES. L'ORIGINALITE DES MOLECULES ETUDIEES CONSISTE EN LA NATURE DE LEUR GROUPEMENT ATTRACTEUR, LE DIPHENYLPHOSPHORYLE, UTILISE POUR LA PREMIERE FOIS EN OPTIQUE NON LINEAIRE. L'EFFICACITE DE CE NOUVEAU GROUPEMENT A ETE DEMONTREE PAR L'ETUDE DE TROIS MOLECULES MODELES. CES MOLECULES POSSEDENT UN GROUPEMENT DONNEUR COMMUN, LE DIMETHYLAMINO, ET DES TRANSMETTEURS D'ELECTRONS DIFFERENTS (BIPHENYLE, STILBENYLE ET 4-(PHENYL)AZOPHENYLE). L'ETUDE DE LEURS CARACTERISTIQUES MICROSCOPIQUES PAR DIFFERENTES METHODES SPECTROSCOPIQUES (INFRA-ROUGE, UV/VISIBLE), PAR DES CALCULS THEORIQUES ET PAR DETERMINATION DE LEURS HYPERPOLARISABILITES QUADRATIQUES ONT PERMIS L'INTERPRETATION RATIONNELLE DES PHENOMENES NON LINEAIRES ENGENDRES PAR CES NOUVEAUX COMPOSES. LEUR COMPORTEMENT NON LINEAIRE S'EST REVELE EQUIVALENT A CELUI DE MOLECULES REFERENCES (BETA(O)= 32 A 63.10#-#3#0 ESU). DE PLUS, LE GROUPEMENT PHOSPHORYLE PRESENTE L'INTERET DE POUVOIR PORTER DES SUBSTITUANTS ENCOMBRANT. CETTE PARTICULARITE EST EFFECTIVEMENT MISE A PROFIT DANS DES MATERIAUX POLYMERES DE TYPE POLYMETHACRYLATE ET POLYURETHANE ELABORES EN UTILISANT DES MOLECULES DERIVEES DES COMPOSES MODELES ETUDIES. LA TAILLE IMPORTANTE DU GROUPEMENT DIPHENYLPHOSPHORYLE CONTRIBUE A L'OBTENTION DE POLYMERES A TEMPERATURE DE TRANSITION VITREUSE ELEVEE (TV = 120 A 163C) QUI EST UNE CARACTERISTIQUE RECHERCHEE POUR ASSURER UNE BONNE STABILITE TEMPORELLE DU MATERIAU. LES FILMS MINCES, OBTENUS PAR DEPOT A LA TOURNETTE SONT ORIENTES SOUS CHAMP PAR LA METHODE CORONA. CES MATERIAUX PRESENTENT DES SUSCEPTIBILITES QUADRATIQUES EQUIVALENTES A CELLES DES POLYMERES LES PLUS EFFICACES EN OPTIQUE NON LINEAIRE (D#3#3=70 A 135 PMV#-#1 A 1064 NM)
Author: Christophe Serbutoviez
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages :
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LES TRAVAUX PRESENTES DANS CETTE ETUDE ONT TRAIT A L'ELABORATION DE NOUVELLES MOLECULES HYPERPOLARISABLES ET A LA PREPARATION DE NOUVEAUX MATERIAUX CRISTALLINS PRESENTANT UNE SUSCEPTIBILITE MACROSCOPIQUE IMPORTANTE. DANS UN PREMIER TEMPS L'ETUDE SYSTEMATIQUE PAR LA METHODE EFISHG D'UNE SERIE DE TOLANES ET DE STILBENES A PERMIS DE MONTRER L'INTERET DE CES MOLECULES POUR AMELIORER LE COMPROMIS NON-LINEARITE TRANSPARENCE DES MATERIAUX NON LINEAIRE CRISTALLIN. L'ETUDE DES STILBAZOLIUM-ALCANE-SULFONATES, (ANALOGUE HETEROCYCLIQUE DES STILBENES) A PERMIS DE METTRE EN EVIDENCE DEUX NOUVEAUX MATERIAUX ACTIFS NOTE SPS ET MTSPS. L'ETUDE DE CES COMPOSES A AUSSI PERMIS D'OBTENIR UNE ESTIMATION QUANTITATIVE (AU TRAVERS DE LA MESURE DE L'HYPERPOLARISABILITE) DU POUVOIR ATTRACTEUR NOYAU PYRIDINIUM. LA MISE EN EVIDENCE PAR LA METHODE EFISHG DE L'INTERET QUE PRESENTE LE SYSTEME PSEUDO-CONJUGUE ENONE PAR RAPPORT AUX TRANSMETTEURS D'ELECTRON PI CLASSIQUES A PERMIS D'ENVISAGER LA PREPARATION D'UNE MULTITUDE DE CES DERIVAS. UNE DE CEUX-CI NOTE MBID PRESENTE UNE SUSCEPTIBILITE IMPORTANTE (DETECTEE PAR LE TEST SUR POUDRE DE SECOND HARMONIQUE) ET PRESENTE DES APTITUDES EVIDENTES POUR LA CRISTALLOGENESE. ENFIN NOUS AVONS PU MESURER ET METTRE ENE VIDENCE DES PROPRIETES NON LINEAIRE QUADRATIQUE D'UN RADICAL ORGANIQUE STABLE NPNN CONNU PAR AILLEURS POUR SES PROPRIETES FERROMAGNETIQUES
Author: Catherine Branger
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages : 153
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LE TRAVAIL PRESENTE DANS CE MEMOIRE CONCERNE LA SYNTHESE ET L'ETUDE DE MOLECULES DE TYPE POLAIRE OU APOLAIRE ET DE MATERIAUX ORGANIQUES ET ORGANOMETALLIQUES POSSEDANT DES PROPRIETES EN OPTIQUE NON LINEAIRE ET EN PARTICULIER CAPABLES D'ENGENDRER DU SECOND HARMONIQUE. LES MOLECULES POLAIRES ONT ETE CONSTRUITES SUR LE SCHEMA CLASSIQUE DIT PUSH-PULL DANS LEQUEL LE NUAGE ELECTRONIQUE D'UN SYSTEME CONJUGUE EST SOUMIS D'UN COTE A UN EFFET DONNEUR D'ELECTRONS ET DE L'AUTRE A UN EFFET ATTRACTEUR D'ELECTRONS. UNE ETUDE A ETE REALISEE SUR DIFFERENTS SYSTEMES INSATURES COMPORTANT UN GROUPEMENT ATTRACTEUR DE TYPE ACIDE DE LEWIS: ETAIN OU BORE. LA CARACTERISATION OPTIQUE DES MOLECULES AINSI OBTENUES A MONTRE QUE LE BORE EST UN MEILLEUR ATTRACTEUR QUE L'ETAIN ET QUE L'AZOBENZENE EST LE MEILLEUR TRANSMETTEUR ETUDIE. LE DIMESITYLBORYL ASSOCIE AU DONNEUR DIETHANOLAMINO A TRAVERS UN AZOBENZENE A ETE CHOISI EN VUE D'UNE MISE EN FORME PAR INCORPORATION DANS UNE MATRICE POLYMERE. LES POLYURETHANES SYNTHETISES DEPOSES EN FILMS MINCES ET ORIENTES PAR LA METHODE CORONA ONT ETE ETUDIES PAR GENERATION DE SECOND HARMONIQUE. ILS PRESENTENT DE BONNES PROPRIETES NON LINEAIRES AINSI QU'UNE BONNE STABILITE TEMPORELLE ET THERMIQUE. LA SYNTHESE DE DERIVES TETRAORGANOSTANNIQUES APOLAIRES A PERMIS L'ETUDE DE MOLECULES DE SYMETRIE T#D, SYMETRIE ENCORE PEU ETUDIEE POUR LA GENERATION DE SECOND HARMONIQUE. L'UN DES DERIVES A ETE INCORPORE DANS UNE MATRICE POLYMERE ET ORGANISE DE FACON NON CENTROSYMETRIQUE PAR VOIE TOUT-OPTIQUE
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309170435
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 241
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Having safe drinking water is important to all Americans. The Environmental Protection Agency's decision in the summer of 2001 to delay implementing a new, more stringent standard for the maximum allowable level for arsenic in drinking water generated a great deal of criticism and controversy. Ultimately at issue were newer data on arsenic beyond those that had been examined in a 1999 National Research Council report. EPA asked the National Research Council for an evaluation of the new data available. The committee's analyses and conclusions are presented in Arsenic in Drinking Water: 2001 Update. New epidemiological studies are critically evaluated, as are new experimental data that provide information on how and at what level arsenic in drinking water can lead to cancer. The report's findings are consistent with those of the 1999 report that found high risks of cancer at the previous federal standard of 50 parts per billion. In fact, the new report concludes that men and women who consume water containing 3 parts per billion of arsenic daily have about a 1 in 1,000 increased risk of developing bladder or lung cancer during their lifetime.
Author: Edward R. Landa
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9048129605
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 524
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Book Description
SOIL: beneath our feet / food and fiber / ashes to ashes, dust to dust / dirt!Soil has been called the final frontier of environmental research. The critical role of soil in biogeochemical processes is tied to its properties and place—porous, structured, and spatially variable, it serves as a conduit, buffer, and transformer of water, solutes and gases. Yet what is complex, life-giving, and sacred to some, is ordinary, even ugly, to others. This is the enigma that is soil. Soil and Culture explores the perception of soil in ancient, traditional, and modern societies. It looks at the visual arts (painting, textiles, sculpture, architecture, film, comics and stamps), prose & poetry, religion, philosophy, anthropology, archaeology, wine production, health & diet, and disease & warfare. Soil and Culture explores high culture and popular culture—from the paintings of Hieronymus Bosch to the films of Steve McQueen. It looks at ancient societies and contemporary artists. Contributors from a variety of disciplines delve into the mind of Carl Jung and the bellies of soil eaters, and explore Chinese paintings, African mud cloths, Mayan rituals, Japanese films, French comic strips, and Russian poetry.
Author: Gerald G. Moy
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9781493939091
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Unless a food is grossly contaminated, consumers are unable to detect through sight or smell the presence of low levels of toxic chemicals in their foods. Furthermore, the toxic effects of exposure to low levels of chemicals are often manifested slowly, sometimes for decades, as in the case of cancer or organ failure. As a result, safeguarding food from such hazards requires the constant monitoring of the food supply using sophisticated laboratory analysis. While the food industry bears the primary responsibility for assuring the safety of its products, the overall protection of people’s diets from chemical hazards must be considered one of the most important public health functions of any government. Unfortunately, many countries do not have sufficient capability and capacity to monitor the exposure of their populations to many potentially toxic chemicals that could be present in food and drinking water. Without such monitoring, public health authorities in many countries are not able to identify and respond to problems posed by toxic chemicals, which may harm their population and undermine consumer confidence in the safety of the food supply. From a trade perspective, those countries that cannot demonstrate that the food they produce is free of potentially hazardous chemicals will be greatly disadvantaged or even subject to sanctions in the international marketplace. The goal of a total diet study (TDS) is to provide basic information on the levels and trends of exposure to chemicals in foods as consumed by the population. In other words, foods are processed and prepared as typical for a country before they are analyzed in order to better represent actual dietary intakes. Total diet studies have been used to assess the safe use of agricultural chemicals (e.g., pesticides, antibiotics), food additives (e.g., preservatives, sweetening agents), environmental contaminants (e.g., lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, PCBs, dioxins), processing contaminants (e.g., acrylamide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, chloropropanols), and natural contaminants (e.g., aflatoxin, patulin, other mycotoxins) by determining whether dietary exposure to these chemicals are within acceptable limits. Total diet studies can also be applied to certain nutrients where the goal is to assure intakes are not only below safe upper limits, but also above levels deemed necessary to maintain good health. International and national organizations, such as the World Health Organization, the European Food Safety Agency and the US Food and Drug Administration recognize the TDS approach as one of the most cost-effective means of protecting consumers from chemicals in food, for providing essential information for managing food safety, including food standards, and for setting priorities for further investment and study. Total Diet Studies introduces the TDS concept to a wider audience and presents the various steps in the planning and implementation of a TDS. It illustrates how TDSs are being used to protect public health from chemicals in the food supply in many developed and developing countries. The book also examines some of the applications of TDSs to specific chemicals, including contaminants and nutrients.
Author: David Satterthwaite
Publisher: IIED
ISBN: 184369560X
Category : Population
Languages : en
Pages : 50
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