Effects of Watershed Land Use on the Benthic Macroinvertebrate Assemblages in Ridge and Valley Streams in Chattanooga, Tennessee PDF Download
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Author: Paul Leiper Freeman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Stream ecology
Languages : en
Pages : 156
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Author: Paul Leiper Freeman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Stream ecology
Languages : en
Pages : 156
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Author: Diane Katharine Barnes
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 302
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Author: Joseph Alexander Mulders
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aquatic invertebrates
Languages : en
Pages : 122
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Urbanisation of catchment areas is a major cause of freshwater ecosystem degradation worldwide. As catchments become more developed and river ecosystems become increasingly engulfed in various land use activities, there is a growing need to understand these impacts on freshwater ecosystems. Benthic macroinvertebrates are extensively used as indicators of ecosystem health and have been an instrumental tool in ecosystem monitoring and management. The effects of changing land use on macroinvertebrates at a fine scale however, have not been extensively investigated. Therefore an investigation was conducted to compare chemical, physical and biological surface water quality parameters and aquatic macroinvertebrate community composition along the first 8 km of the Hartbeesspruit, which contains multiple land use types, in the upper Apies-Pienaar catchment in Gauteng, South Africa. Five sampling sites corresponding to changes in land use were sampled four times at six-week intervals from September 2013 to February 2014. Influential variables that were recorded included in-stream habitat, riparian cover, flow regime and surface water quality parameters. Physical surface water parameters that were tested in situ included pH, salinity, total dissolved solutes, temperature, clarity and conductivity. Ex situ surface water parameters that were tested included physical parameters (alkalinity and turbidity), chemical parameters (major ions, metal ions and nutrients), and biological parameters (bacteria, coliforms and Escherichia coli). Macroinvertebrates were sampled using Hester-Dendy artificial samplers, which, following a 6 week exposure period, were sampled three times from November 2013 to February 2014. Macroinvertebrates were identified to family level and counted. Macroinvertebrate community composition across sites was assessed through macroinvertebrate abundance, family richness, SASS score, ASPT, Shannon-Wiener index, Pielou s evenness, non-metric multidimensional scaling and Indval analyses. Nineteen families were collected, of which only three made up 80% of macroinvertebrates sampled. These families were Hirudinea, Chironomidae and Oligochaeta. Indices of macroinvertebrate community composition indicated a general increase in value from upstream to downstream which showed similar comparative variation between sites to physical water quality parameters (except temperature and clarity), major ions (except arsenic), the metal ion magnesium and nutrient sulphate. Surface water parameters showed patterns indicative of effects due to evaporation, dilution and connectivity of water flow along the stream due to the presence of dams and wetlands. Temperature was an important influence on macroinvertebrate abundance and family richness at a temporal scale. On a spatial scale the most influential parameters on macroinvertebrate composition were seen to be depth, turbidity and conductivity, and temperature to a lesser extent. The land use types that showed the greatest association with various assemblages were the urban, recreational and least transformed wetland land uses. Although major influential factors, this pattern was not seen to be strictly due to the input of contaminants arising from associated activities, nor the variation in physical characteristics, but rather the discontinuity in flow regime. It was concluded that at a fine scale, the strongest factors that influenced macroinvertebrate community composition along the Hartbeesspruit, was not land use type but rather the hydrological pathways of connectivity and stream flow that exist within the system. The hydrological pathways influenced values and concentrations of chemical and physical surface water parameters which in turn further influenced macroinvertebrate assemblages present.
Author: Leslie M. Reid
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Land use
Languages : en
Pages : 130
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Author: Tanya Sulikowski
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Environmental monitoring
Languages : en
Pages : 178
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Author: Roger Holmes (M.Sc.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 174
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Farmers have been encouraged to adopt more sustainable farming practices (BMPs) that mitigate adverse agricultural effects on the natural environment. However, the ability of BMPs to protect or restore riverine systems continues to be questioned due to limited evidence directly linking BMP use with improved ecological conditions. The exclusion of hydrological pathways in previous field studies may explain why a direct link has not yet been established. The goal of this study was to assess the association between benthic macroinvertebrate community structure and the number and location of agricultural BMPs. Macroinvertebrates and water chemistry were sampled in 30 headwater catchments in the Grand River Watershed. Catchments exhibited gradients of BMP use and location as measured by the degree of hydrologic connectedness. Stepwise ordination regressions and variance partitioning were used to determine which environmental variables (i.e., BMP metrics, water chemistry parameters, habitat characteristics, and land use variables) were associated with benthic macroinvertebrate community structure. Water chemistry parameters were negatively associated with BMP metrics suggesting BMPs were mitigating losses of nutrients and sediments. However, BMP abundance and location explained minimal variation in benthic macroinvertebrate structure within the 30 sampled catchments. The absence of a strong association between BMPs and benthic macroinvertebrates may indicate a need for greater numbers and targeted siting of BMPS to improve water quality beyond a threshold point that would allow recolonization of intolerant invertebrate taxa. Focusing of conservation goals on ecological conditions and the promotion of BMPs that enhance in-stream habitat may also be required.
Author: Stephen Martin Dillard
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 324
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Author: Nancy Welchel Bishop
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 114
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Author: Brantley Allison Thames
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : River sediments
Languages : en
Pages :
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Urbanization causes flow and sediment regime changes, which leads to alterations in the bed sediment characteristics and degradation of the ecological habitat. Evidence shows that changes in the characteristics of streambed sediment occur in urbanized watersheds; however a link between urbanization and changes in streambed sediment is not well established in the literature. Limited support in the literature does suggest that urbanization is linked to a decline in the diversity of algae, invertebrate, and fish populations. Relationships between urbanization and bed sediment characteristics were explored by three studies using the AnnAGNPS and CONCEPTS models. AnnAGNPS is a GIS-based sediment delivery model with land erosion rates determined by the revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and sediment yield rates determined by the Hydrogeomorphic USLE (HUSLE) for watersheds primarily dominated by agricultural land use. CONCEPTS is a sediment transport and channel adjustment model that routes sediment input from AnnAGNPS and sediment inputs from channel bed and bank erosion. Both models were developed by the United States Department of Agriculture -- Agricultural Research Service (USDA ARS). The research objectives for this project included: 1) conducting a sensitivity analysis of the AnnAGNPS and CONCEPTS models to evaluate the significance of various model inputs that incorporate the mosaic of urban land use and require field measurements for the non-urbanized and urbanized subwatersheds, 2) producing and executing several combinations of model run simulations with altered runoff and erosion from the hillslope using the entire AnnAGNPS-CONCEPTS modeling couple to simulate varying levels of urbanization, and 3) evaluating AnnAGNPS model results of 15 urban and non-urban subwatersheds ...
Author: Dann D. White
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aquatic invertebrates
Languages : en
Pages : 55
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