Effects of Vibrations Applied to Fluids at Different Gravity Levels PDF Download

Author: Anna Garcia Sabaté
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 179

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Book Description
Due to the increasing interest in space exploration, management of two-phase flows in the absence of gravity has become a key aspect in improving the efficiency of technological applications for space missions. Understanding of two-phase flows is essential in the development of future applications and for the improvement of existing ones, not only in microgravity, but also in hypergravity conditions. In this thesis, the effects of external factors such as high and low frequency vibrations, or rotations on two-phase flows are addressed, when these systems are at different gravity levels. A series of experimental setups were developed in order to explore a wide range of phenomena occurring at different gravity levels. The effects of pressure fields on micron-sized particles in the levitation plane of an acoustic field are discussed. Furthermore, an analysis of the motions of two isolated particles is provided and a method to determine the forces between them is presented. The method allows us to experimentally obtain the order of magnitude of the forces, as well as indirectly provide a measurement of the acoustic pressure inside a micro-channel. Two microgravity experiments adapted to a sub-orbital vehicle were designed and built in order to examine the effects of low frequency vibrations and rotation in two-phase flows. This thesis will further analyse the effects observed in bubbles in different liquids. Bubble shape oscillations have been observed at low vibration frequencies, even though bubble dynamics are affected by the walls of the cell. After vibrations were turned off, the aspect ratio of a bubble in high viscosity fluid decays exponentially. Bubble break-up has been observed in the case of lower surface tension and lower viscosity. Focusing on the distribution of the air bubbles during high and low rotation rates, an analysis is presented on the effects on a low surface tension fluid. An investigation is presented on the injection trajectory of bubbles during rotation showing a reasonable agreement with analytical predictions. The detachment and rise of bubbles and bubble trains while an acoustic field is applied in hypergravity conditions are also addressed. Different effects have been observed in this experiment. Focusing on detachment, we provide an expression for estimating the detachment diameter when an acoustic field is applied. In addition, the effect of bubble trains on terminal velocity is discussed. A numerical analysis is also presented and compared to the experimental data.