Effects of Tillering on Yield and Yield Components of Grain Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench) PDF Download
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Author: Herbert Arnold Bruns
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 220
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Author: Herbert Arnold Bruns
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 220
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Author: Cilas P. Camargo
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ISBN:
Category : Sorghum
Languages : en
Pages : 150
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Hybrid grain sorghum seeds were aged artifically for 0, 3, 5, 7, and 11 days at 42oC and 100% RH, wich produced high, medium, low and lowest vigor level. Among the various laboratory tests performed, standard germination and field mergence, were the least sensitive in discerning the physiological condition of the seed lots. The speed of germination more accurately differentiated the degree of deterioration of the seed lots and was closety correlated to yield. Adverse effect of planting low vigor seeds was found to be related to plant height, panicle exsertion, anthesis, tillering capacity, length of the panicle, and yield. Less vigours seeds produced plants which were not able to "catch up" to the vigorous ones. These slow growing plants were significantly inferior in panicle exsertion to those produced from more vigorous seeds. Seeds aged for 7 and 11 days had their process of exsertion delayed for about 2 and 3 days, respectively. Anthesis, conseguently, was also significantly retarded. Tillering capacity of plants produced from low vigor seeds was significantly reduced, as well as grain yield. Primary head yield was also significantly reduced about 14% for the more deteriorated seeds, and 12% for the mixed treatment, as compared to the control. Yield reductions of 9, 4, and 3% were also detected in seeds aged for 7, 5, and 3 days, respectively, as compared to the check. Seed moisture content generally increases as the vigor level decreased, indicating that the process of maturation was delayed as a (...).
Author: Samuel Temitayo Jaiyesimi
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ISBN:
Category : Sorghum
Languages : en
Pages : 100
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Author: Herman Albert Praeger
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Category : Sorghum
Languages : en
Pages : 100
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Author: V. B. Ogunlela
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 203
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Two greenhouse and three field experiment were conducted to study the effects of elevated night temperatures on the yield and growth of a grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) hybrid. The genotype used in these investigations was the 'RS 671' (Redlan x Tx 415), an open-pedigree temperate-adapted grain sorghum. The phenological growth phase during which temperature treatments were imposed was the panicle development (GS-2) period. Experiment I, II (greenhouse) and III (field) were designed to determine the response of grain sorghum to two elevated night temperatures and the growth stage during GS-2 period when the plant is most sensitive to elevated temperatures. Experiment IV and V (field) were conducted with the same objectives as those for Experiment I, II and III and also to determine the effects of artificial preconditioning on the plant's response to elevated night temperatures. Experiments I - Plants were exposed to 26.5 and 32 C night temperatures at 4-day durations commencing from florest differentiation through bloom. The two elevated night temperatures caused significant reduction in grain yield and yield components except seed size that was enhanced (12%) by the 32 C treatment. Approximately 19%, 21%, 24% and 20% reductions in panicle dry weight, grain yield per plant, number of seeds per panicle and grams of grain/GS-3 day/plant, respectively, were caused by the 32 C treatment. The 26,5 C treatment also caused reduction in these variables but to much lesser degrees. Numbers of days to (...).
Author: Bin H. Zakri
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ISBN:
Category : Sorghum
Languages : en
Pages : 118
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Author: Kalaiyarasi Pidaran
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Prior studies indicate clumped planting can increase grain sorghum yield up to 45% under water deficit conditions by reducing tiller number, increasing radiation use efficiency, and preserving soil water for grain fill. The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of planting geometry on sorghum grain yield. The field study was conducted in seven environments with two sorghum hybrids, four populations, and two planting geometries. Crop responses included leaf area index, yield, and components of yield. Delayed planting decreased yield by 39%, and a later maturing hybrid increased yield, relative to an early hybrid, by 11% under water sufficiency. Clumped planting increased the fraction of fertile culms (culms which formed panicles) from 5-14%. It reduced the number of culms m−2 by 12% under water limiting conditions (at one of two locations) but increased culms m−2 16% under water sufficiency. Seeds per panicle and seed weight generally compensated for differences in panicles m−2, which were related to different planting population densities. Although agronomic characteristics of hybrids varying in maturity have been widely studied, little information exists concerning their physiological differences. Therefore, the objective of the greenhouse study was to determine if stomatal resistance, leaf temperature, and leaf chlorophyll content differed between two DeKalb grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] hybrids. They were DKS 36-16 and DKS 44-20, of medium-early and medium maturity, respectively, when grown under field conditions in Kansas. Seeds were planted in a greenhouse. Stomatal resistance and leaf temperature were measured 55 days after planting with a Decagon Devices (Pullman, WA) diffusion porometer, and chlorophyll content was measured 119 days after planting with a Konica Minolta (Osaka, Japan) SPAD chlorophyll meter. The two hybrids did not differ in stomatal resistance, leaf temperature, chlorophyll content, height, and dry weight. Their difference in maturity was not evident under the greenhouse conditions. Future work needs to show if hybrids of different maturities vary in physiological characteristics.
Author: Oswaldo E. Andrade-Bracho
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sorghum
Languages : en
Pages : 152
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Author: Alassane Maiga
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a relatively drought- and heat-tolerant cereal crop. Global demand and consumption of agricultural crops for food, feed, and fuel is increasing at a rapid pace. To satisfy the growing worldwide demand for grain, production practices must be well optimized and managed. The objectives of the present study were: to optimize sorghum production by determining the best management practices (planting date, row spacing, seeding rate, hybrid maturity) for growth and yield, to evaluate the agronomic responsiveness of grain sorghum genotypes to nitrogen (N) fertilizer and to develop a partial financial budget to N fertilizer application based on best management practices. In order to meet these objectives, field experiments were conducted in 2009, 2010 and 2011 at Manhattan, Belleville, Ottawa, Hutchinson, Hays, at KSU Experiment Stations and Salina, and Randolph at Private Farms. Results indicated that early planting date (late May) and narrow row spacing (25 cm) providing the most equidistant spacing, produced better plant growth, light interception, yield components (number of grains per panicle, 300-grain weight), and biological yield. Results indicated that with increasing N rate, there was a proportional increase in chlorophyll SPAD meter reading, leaf color scores and number of green leaves. There was a significant difference among hybrids for N uptake, NUE and grain yield. However, there was no effect of N and no interaction between N and hybrid on grain yield. Over all, the genotypes with high NUE also had higher grain yield. Economic analysis using partial budget indicated that all N levels had positive gross benefit greater than control at all locations. However, the response varied across locations. Our research has shown that sorghum responds to changing management practices and opportunities exist to increase grain yield by optimizing planting date, seeding rate, row spacing, N application and selection of genotypes.
![Effect of Seed Vigor Levels on Field Performance and Yield of Grain Sorghum [sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench] PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/AgEGOAAACAAJ?fife=w80-h100)
Author: Amos Olaitan Ogundipe
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sorghum
Languages : en
Pages : 238
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