Effects of Aerobic Vs. Resistive Exercise on Glucose Transporter Proteins and Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Nondiabetic Female First-degree Relatives of African American Patients with Type 2 Diabetes PDF Download
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Author: Trudy Gaillard
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : African Americans
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Abstract: Background: Chronic physical activity has been shown to increase insulin sensitivity (IS) and lower rates of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). There have been no studies that examined the effects of aerobic (AT) and resistive (RT) training in obese, sedentary African Americans (AA) females, who are genetically predisposed to develop T2DM. Thus, the objectives of the present study were; 1) determine the effects of AT vs. RT on glucose transporter proteins (GLUT4) and insulin sensitivity; and 2) examine the impact of genetic inheritance (family history (FH)) on these indices. Methodology: Twenty (20) AA with FH were randomly assigned to 12weeks (12wks) of AT[(70% of VO2max) (n=10)] or RT[(70% of 1 (RM) (n=10)]. Ten(10) AA females without FH served as reference controls [(CN) (n=10)]. OGTT (glucose, insulin, c-peptide), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) were obtained in each subject. IS was measured by the Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA-IR). Body composition was assessed via BOD POD. Each subject completed a V02max test and 1 repetition maximal (1RM) for chest press(CP) and leg press(LP). Skeletal muscle biopsy for GLUT4 was randomly obtained in a sub-set of each group. Baseline measurements were repeated in subjects with FH after 12wks. Results: The fasting plasma glucose, insulin and c-peptide, HOMA-IR, SBP, DBP, %body fat, were statistically higher in subjects with FH vs. CN. The mean V02max and %lean body mass was statistically lower in our subjects with FH vs. CN. Twelve weeks of AT significantly reduced the SBP and DBP, whereas, RT significant increased body strength. HOMA-IR was not changed by AT or RT. The GLUT4 was not different among our groups. RT was associated with a 24.8% increase in GLUT4 whereas, AT decreased GLUT4 by 10.8% from baseline, but these values were not statistically significant. Summary: Obese AA females with FH of T2DM have greater %body fat, insulin resistance, significantly higher BP and lower V02max when compared to healthy aged-matched AA controls without FH. The two exercise modalities had significant but varying effects on hemodynamic parameters. AT vs. RT had no effects on metabolic or anthropometric parameters measured in our previously sedentary obese AA females.
Author: Trudy Gaillard
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : African Americans
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Abstract: Background: Chronic physical activity has been shown to increase insulin sensitivity (IS) and lower rates of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). There have been no studies that examined the effects of aerobic (AT) and resistive (RT) training in obese, sedentary African Americans (AA) females, who are genetically predisposed to develop T2DM. Thus, the objectives of the present study were; 1) determine the effects of AT vs. RT on glucose transporter proteins (GLUT4) and insulin sensitivity; and 2) examine the impact of genetic inheritance (family history (FH)) on these indices. Methodology: Twenty (20) AA with FH were randomly assigned to 12weeks (12wks) of AT[(70% of VO2max) (n=10)] or RT[(70% of 1 (RM) (n=10)]. Ten(10) AA females without FH served as reference controls [(CN) (n=10)]. OGTT (glucose, insulin, c-peptide), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) were obtained in each subject. IS was measured by the Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA-IR). Body composition was assessed via BOD POD. Each subject completed a V02max test and 1 repetition maximal (1RM) for chest press(CP) and leg press(LP). Skeletal muscle biopsy for GLUT4 was randomly obtained in a sub-set of each group. Baseline measurements were repeated in subjects with FH after 12wks. Results: The fasting plasma glucose, insulin and c-peptide, HOMA-IR, SBP, DBP, %body fat, were statistically higher in subjects with FH vs. CN. The mean V02max and %lean body mass was statistically lower in our subjects with FH vs. CN. Twelve weeks of AT significantly reduced the SBP and DBP, whereas, RT significant increased body strength. HOMA-IR was not changed by AT or RT. The GLUT4 was not different among our groups. RT was associated with a 24.8% increase in GLUT4 whereas, AT decreased GLUT4 by 10.8% from baseline, but these values were not statistically significant. Summary: Obese AA females with FH of T2DM have greater %body fat, insulin resistance, significantly higher BP and lower V02max when compared to healthy aged-matched AA controls without FH. The two exercise modalities had significant but varying effects on hemodynamic parameters. AT vs. RT had no effects on metabolic or anthropometric parameters measured in our previously sedentary obese AA females.
Author: Alan R. Saltiel
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387722041
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 223
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Book Description
More than 18 million people in the United States have diabetes mellitus, and about 90% of these have the type 2 form of the disease. This book attempts to dissect the complexity of the molecular mechanisms of insulin action with a special emphasis on those features of the system that are subject to alteration in type 2 diabetes and other insulin resistant states. It explores insulin action at the most basic levels, through complex systems.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 858
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Book Description
Author: Beatrice Morio
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128117524
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 460
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Book Description
Mitochondria in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Comprehensive Review on Mitochondrial Functioning and Involvement in Metabolic Diseases synthesizes discoveries from laboratories around the world, enhancing our understanding of the involvement of mitochondria in the etiology of diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Chapters illustrate and provide an overview of key concepts on topics such as the role of mitochondria in adipose tissue, cancer, cardiovascular comorbidities, skeletal muscle, the liver, kidney, and more. This book is a must-have reference for students and educational teams in biology, physiology and medicine, and researchers.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medicine
Languages : en
Pages : 1852
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Book Description
Author: Christian Samone Jones
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Insulin is a hormone that plays a role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis, through the regulation of blood glucose levels. Insulin sensitivity is defined as how well the body responds to insulin, and when this is impaired, it results in insulin resistance. Insulin resistance refers to a decrease in insulin-mediated glucose disposal in insulin-sensitive tissues. Impaired insulin action can result in insulin resistance, which can lead to illnesses such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. PURPOSE: The purpose is to explore various training modalities and their effects on insulin action, with the intent to answer the question which mode of training, aerobics or resistance has a greater impact on insulin sensitivity. I speculate that the resistance exercisers will show greater improvements in insulin action, compared to the endurance and control groups. METHODS: To examine insulin action, glycogen synthesis was performed on primary human skeletal muscle cells that were derived from 3 groups: high active endurance, highly active resistance, and sedentary control. The samples underwent proliferation and were grown in a cell culture media incubator. After reaching 70-80% confluency, myogenic cells were isolated and differentiated. After cells went through five days of differentiation, they were ready for glycogen synthesis, which was determined using liquid scintillation counting. RESULTS: There were 11 participants in the highly active endurance group, 10 participants in the highly active resistance group, and 4 participants in the sedentary control group. The sedentary group had a greater BMI than the endurance and resistance groups. There was an increase in glycogen synthesis in all groups when stimulated with insulin (p [less-than] 0.0001). There was a significant difference between the highly active resistance and sedentary control groups, when fold change was calculated (p = 0.0060), with the change in the sedentary controls being greater than highly active resistance group. There were no significant correlations between the results and the group characteristics (age, BMI, and oxygen consumption). CONCLUSION: The present study showed that there was an increase in glycogen synthesis in all subjects, regardless of group, when comparing basal to insulin stimulated values. The results of this current study line up with results found in several others that have looked at aerobic trained individuals, however; they have failed to investigate resistance training. It is evident that resistance training has the same effects as aerobic training, but the topic needs to be further explored to confirm this finding.
Author: Michael L. Pollock
Publisher: Saunders
ISBN:
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 760
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Book Description
Focuses on exercise and fitness for both healthy individuals and those with conditions such as cardiovascular disease and obesity. The text discusses basic etiology and pathophysiology and details the role of exercise in prevention and rehabilitation. Emphasis is on prescribing effective exercise programs. Presents discussions on etiology of disease, principles of exercise prescription, value of exercise, fitness measurement and more! Includes numerous illustrations and references.
Author: Barbara N. Campaigne
Publisher: Human Kinetics Publishers
ISBN: 9780873226349
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 211
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Book Description
More and more, researchers are finding that exercise is an important component in the long-term management of diabetes. This book provides physicians, exercise physiologists, epidemiologists, and health care providers an extensive review of the literature that reveals the positive effects of exercise on people with Type I and Type II diabetes mellitus. The book also examines the role of exercise prescription in diabetes management.Authors Barbara N. Campaigne and Richard M. Lampman help you determine when exercise is appropriate and beneficial and present guidelines for using exercise to potentially prevent or delay the onset of the metabolic abnormalities of diabetes. In this one concise reference, you'll find complete information on- metabolic, hormonal, and cardiovascular responses to exercise;- optimizing exercise therapy; and- risks and benefits associated with exercise as a clinical management technique.Because Type I and Type II diabetes have such different characteristics, Exercise in the Clinical Management of Diabetes considers each separately. In addition to a complete review of the etiology and pathology of both types, you'll find in-depth information about how acute exercise and physical training affect each type. Two final chapters discuss the clinical uses of exercise prescription and include case studies to help you apply the information to your situation.For anyone involved in diabetes treatment or research--physicians, exercise physiologists, epidemiologists, health care providers, biochemists, and physiologists--this is an indispensable resource. It's also an excellent graduate text for seminars in exercise physiology.
Author: Samy I. McFarlane
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1603273573
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 196
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Book Description
Diabetes and hypertension have evolved as two of the modern day epidemics affecting millions of people around the world. These two common co-morbidities lead to substantial increase in cardiovascular disease, the major cause of morbidity and mortality of adults around the world. In Diabetes and Hypertension: Evaluation and Management, a panel of renowned experts address a range of critical topics -- from basic concepts in evaluation and management of diabetes and hypertension, such as dietary interventions, to evaluation and management of secondary hypertension in clinical practice. Other chapters focus on high cardiovascular risk populations such as those with coronary heart disease, chronic kidney disease and minority patients. In addition, evolving concepts and new developments in the field are presented in other chapters, such as prevention of type 2 diabetes and the epidemic of sleep apnea and its implication for diabetes and hypertension evaluation and management. An important title covering two of the most troubling disorders of our time, Diabetes and Hypertension: Evaluation and Management will provide the busy practitioner with cutting edge knowledge in the field as well as practical information that can translate into better care provided to the high-risk population of diabetics and hypertensive patients.
Author: Lawrence H. Lash
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483218619
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 527
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Book Description
Methods in Toxicology, Volume 2: Mitochondrial Dysfunction provides a source of methods, techniques, and experimental approaches for studying the role of abnormal mitochondrial function in cell injury. The book discusses the methods for the preparation and basic functional assessment of mitochondria from liver, kidney, muscle, and brain; the methods for assessing mitochondrial dysfunction in vivo and in intact organs; and the structural aspects of mitochondrial dysfunction are addressed. The text also describes chemical detoxification and metabolism as well as specific metabolic reactions that are especially important targets or indicators of damage. The methods for measurement of alterations in fatty acid and phospholipid metabolism and for the analysis and manipulation of oxidative injury and antioxidant systems are also considered. The book further tackles additional methods on mitochondrial energetics and transport processes; approaches for assessing impaired function of mitochondria; and genetic and developmental aspects of mitochondrial disease and toxicology. The text also looks into mitochondrial DNA synthesis, covalent binding to mitochondrial DNA, DNA repair, and mitochondrial dysfunction in the context of developing individuals and cellular differentiation. Microbiologists, toxicologists, biochemists, and molecular pharmacologists will find the book invaluable.
