Effect of Planting Date on Leaf Number and Total Leaf Area of Hybrid Grain Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench) PDF Download
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Author: Joseph Henry Bunck
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Planting time
Languages : en
Pages : 76
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Author: Joseph Henry Bunck
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Planting time
Languages : en
Pages : 76
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Author: Bandiougou Diawara
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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In Kansas, productivity of grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is affected by weather conditions at planting and during pollination. Planting date management and selection of hybrid maturity group can help to avoid severe environmental stresses during these sensitive stages. The hypothesis of the study was that late May planting improves grain sorghum yield, growth and development compared with late June planting. The objectives of this research were to investigate the influence of planting dates on growth, development, and yield of different grain sorghum hybrids, and to determine the optimal planting date and hybrid combination for maximum biomass and grains production. Three sorghum hybrids (early, medium, and late maturing) were planted in late May and late June without irrigation in Kansas at Manhattan/Ashland Bottom Research Station, and Hutchinson in 2010; and at Manhattan/North Farm and Hutchinson in 2011. Data on leaf area index, dry matter production, harvest index, yield and yield components were collected. Grain yield and yield components were influenced by planting date depending on environmental conditions. At Manhattan (2010), greater grain yield, number of heads per plant, harvest index, and leaf-area were obtained with late-June planting compared with late May planting, while at Hutchinson (2010) greater yield was obtained with late May planting for all hybrids. The yield component most affected at Hutchinson was the number of kernels panicle-1 and plant density. Late-May planting was favorable for late maturing hybrid (P84G62) in all locations. However, the yield of early maturing hybrid (DKS 28-05) and medium maturing hybrid (DKS 37-07) was less affected by delayed planting. The effects of planting dates on growth, development, and yield of grain sorghum hybrids were found to be variable among hybrid maturity groups and locations.
Author: Kalaiyarasi Pidaran
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Prior studies indicate clumped planting can increase grain sorghum yield up to 45% under water deficit conditions by reducing tiller number, increasing radiation use efficiency, and preserving soil water for grain fill. The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of planting geometry on sorghum grain yield. The field study was conducted in seven environments with two sorghum hybrids, four populations, and two planting geometries. Crop responses included leaf area index, yield, and components of yield. Delayed planting decreased yield by 39%, and a later maturing hybrid increased yield, relative to an early hybrid, by 11% under water sufficiency. Clumped planting increased the fraction of fertile culms (culms which formed panicles) from 5-14%. It reduced the number of culms m−2 by 12% under water limiting conditions (at one of two locations) but increased culms m−2 16% under water sufficiency. Seeds per panicle and seed weight generally compensated for differences in panicles m−2, which were related to different planting population densities. Although agronomic characteristics of hybrids varying in maturity have been widely studied, little information exists concerning their physiological differences. Therefore, the objective of the greenhouse study was to determine if stomatal resistance, leaf temperature, and leaf chlorophyll content differed between two DeKalb grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] hybrids. They were DKS 36-16 and DKS 44-20, of medium-early and medium maturity, respectively, when grown under field conditions in Kansas. Seeds were planted in a greenhouse. Stomatal resistance and leaf temperature were measured 55 days after planting with a Decagon Devices (Pullman, WA) diffusion porometer, and chlorophyll content was measured 119 days after planting with a Konica Minolta (Osaka, Japan) SPAD chlorophyll meter. The two hybrids did not differ in stomatal resistance, leaf temperature, chlorophyll content, height, and dry weight. Their difference in maturity was not evident under the greenhouse conditions. Future work needs to show if hybrids of different maturities vary in physiological characteristics.
Author:
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ISBN:
Category : Agricultural ecology
Languages : en
Pages : 586
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Author: Daniel Myron Baker
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hybrid sorghum
Languages : en
Pages : 424
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Author: James Allen Schaffer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Plant regulators
Languages : en
Pages : 206
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Author: Larry Gene Heatherly
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sorghum
Languages : en
Pages : 103
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Author: Cilas P. Camargo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sorghum
Languages : en
Pages : 150
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Hybrid grain sorghum seeds were aged artifically for 0, 3, 5, 7, and 11 days at 42oC and 100% RH, wich produced high, medium, low and lowest vigor level. Among the various laboratory tests performed, standard germination and field mergence, were the least sensitive in discerning the physiological condition of the seed lots. The speed of germination more accurately differentiated the degree of deterioration of the seed lots and was closety correlated to yield. Adverse effect of planting low vigor seeds was found to be related to plant height, panicle exsertion, anthesis, tillering capacity, length of the panicle, and yield. Less vigours seeds produced plants which were not able to "catch up" to the vigorous ones. These slow growing plants were significantly inferior in panicle exsertion to those produced from more vigorous seeds. Seeds aged for 7 and 11 days had their process of exsertion delayed for about 2 and 3 days, respectively. Anthesis, conseguently, was also significantly retarded. Tillering capacity of plants produced from low vigor seeds was significantly reduced, as well as grain yield. Primary head yield was also significantly reduced about 14% for the more deteriorated seeds, and 12% for the mixed treatment, as compared to the control. Yield reductions of 9, 4, and 3% were also detected in seeds aged for 7, 5, and 3 days, respectively, as compared to the check. Seed moisture content generally increases as the vigor level decreased, indicating that the process of maturation was delayed as a (...).
Author: Ulysses Daniel Havelka
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 230
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Author: Lindsey K. Gastler
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) is an important crop to Kansas agriculture, and Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.) is considered the most troublesome weed in grain sorghum. In 2019, field experiments were conducted near Manhattan and Hutchinson, Kansas to determine the influence of grain sorghum planting dates and Palmer amaranth emergence timings on competitive outcomes. Grain sorghum was planted on June 3 and July 1 at Manhattan and May 17 and June 17 at Hutchinson. Natural populations of Palmer amaranth were established at an early and late emergence timing relative to crop planting along with a weed-free treatment. Palmer amaranth was thinned and maintained at a target population of 4 plants m−1 of row. The growth stage and height of grain sorghum and Palmer amaranth were recorded weekly. Biweekly up to grain sorghum flag-leaf stage, two grain sorghum and two Palmer amaranth plants plot−1 were harvested to measure leaf area and biomass. Grain sorghum was harvested to measure yield and seed weight. Late planted grain sorghum accumulated height, leaf area, and biomass more quickly than early planted grain sorghum on a time scale of days after planting (DAP) at both locations. On a scale of growing degree units (GDU), grain sorghum leaf area and biomass accumulation at Manhattan were similar across planting dates, while the late planting accumulated more height. In Hutchinson, grain sorghum leaf area accumulation was similar across plantings, while the late planting accumulated height and biomass more quickly on a GDU scale. Palmer amaranth density in both sites were less than desired and inconsistent, therefore, it was impossible to test the effects of Palmer amaranth emergence timing. In Manhattan, grain yields were similar across treatments, excluding the treatment with the highest Palmer amaranth density (1.5 plants m−1 of row), and seed weight was greater in the early planting than the late. In Hutchinson, grain sorghum yield was 37% less in the early planting than the late planting, due to poor crop establishment in cool soil temperatures after planting, and poor pollination and grain fill during hot and dry conditions. Later planted grain sorghum grew faster than early planted grain sorghum, thus was more competitive against weed competition in early growth stages. This research demonstrated a potential tactic that a producer could implement to enhance early season competitiveness of grain sorghum against Palmer amaranth.
