Economic Growth and Air Pollution: Three Empirical Essays Based on Nonparametric Methods PDF Download
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author:
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Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Carlos Ordás Criado
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Oliver Röhn
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 200
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Author: Adalmir A. Marquetti
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 212
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Author: Shanti Rabindran Gamper
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Deforestation
Languages : en
Pages : 152
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This thesis examines three environmental issues in developing countries. The first essay examines land fires in Indonesia that inflict severe air pollution-related damage on Southeast Asia annually. Conservative estimates of losses in 1997 alone were US$667 million for Indonesia (0.67% of GDP) and an additional US$12 million for Singapore. Fire incidence on various landholdings is examined using a new author-compiled database on satellite-based fire and rainfall data, land use maps, socioeconomic and geographical information. The essay finds that estates, large-scale industrial plantations that are rapidly expanding in the tropics, raise fire incidence beyond the 'natural' level (the fire incidence on conservation areas serves as a benchmark). In contrast, it finds no evidence that small landholdings, which are often blamed for fires, raise fire incidence. The government's ban on the use of clearance fires, as a result of weak enforcement, did not reduce fire incidence on estates. Alternative policy-levers that could potentially reduce these fires, such as lengthening the estates' leases to improve their property security, are found to be ineffective. The second essay examines whether education can potentially reduce households' agricultural-related forest clearance by increasing the returns to wage labor. It analyzes a unique survey of 649 indigenous households in protected areas in Bolivia's lowland forests. It finds that an additional year of education among household heads is associated with a reduction of 0.05 hectares or 4.3% of the annual mean household forest clearance, increased returns of 2.6% in wage labor and a 21 % increase in days worked in wage labor. Thus the 3-year average increase in education among the youngest cohorts is associated with potentially significant reduction in forest clearance in the study site, though further work is needed to establish causality. The third essay examines the pollution intensity of the NAFTA-related expansion in USMexican trade using new detailed measures of air, water, metal and toxic pollution intensities and injury rates at the 4-digit Standard Industrial Classification level. Based on pollution measures at this resolution, it does not find strong evidence of greater growth in the share of US net imports from Mexico in the more polluting or injurious industries.
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Category : Dissertation abstracts
Languages : en
Pages : 816
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Author:
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Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 634
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Author: World Bank
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821397281
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 697
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"This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions"--T.p. verso.
Author: Nemat Shafik
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Crecimiento economico
Languages : en
Pages : 55
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Book Description
It is possible to "grow out of" some environmental problems, but there is nothing automatic about doing so. Action tends to be taken where there are generalized local costs and substantial private and social benefit. Where the costs of environmental degredation are borne by others (by the poor or by other countries), there are few incentives to alter damaging behavior. Trade, debt, and other macroeconomic policy variables seem to have little generalized effect on the environment.
Author: Brian R. Copeland
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 1400850703
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 305
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Book Description
Nowhere has the divide between advocates and critics of globalization been more striking than in debates over free trade and the environment. And yet the literature on the subject is high on rhetoric and low on results. This book is the first to systematically investigate the subject using both economic theory and empirical analysis. Brian Copeland and Scott Taylor establish a powerful theoretical framework for examining the impact of international trade on local pollution levels, and use it to offer a uniquely integrated treatment of the links between economic growth, liberalized trade, and the environment. The results will surprise many. The authors set out the two leading theories linking international trade to environmental outcomes, develop the empirical implications, and examine their validity using data on measured sulfur dioxide concentrations from over 100 cities worldwide during the period from 1971 to 1986. The empirical results are provocative. For an average country in the sample, free trade is good for the environment. There is little evidence that developing countries will specialize in pollution-intensive products with further trade. In fact, the results suggest just the opposite: free trade will shift pollution-intensive goods production from poor countries with lax regulation to rich countries with tight regulation, thereby lowering world pollution. The results also suggest that pollution declines amid economic growth fueled by economy-wide technological progress but rises when growth is fueled by capital accumulation alone. Lucidly argued and authoritatively written, this book will provide students and researchers of international trade and environmental economics a more reliable way of thinking about this contentious issue, and the methodological tools with which to do so.
