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Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Waste-to-energy (WTE) technologies provide opportunities to use waste materials beneficially in producing power, transportation fuels, and chemicals. Using a suite of economic models, this study estimates prices of four WTE resources: food waste; fats, oils, and greases (FOG); animal manure; and sewage sludge. Some of these materials are commoditized (e.g. FOG) thus their price is determined by market demand. For the materials regarded as waste, the study relates price to the avoided cost of disposal through waste management alternatives such as landfilling. This study finds that significant amounts of these feedstocks could be available at negative prices, meaning that a potential bioenergy facility could receive these materials for free or be paid to accept them in some locations. It is estimated that about 61% of sewage sludge, 27% of manure, and 7% of food waste may be available at negative prices. These negative price feedstocks are not uniformly distributed and are most likely to occur in areas with organic waste disposal bans, high population densities, and high landfill tipping fees. This study intends to open an initial discussion into how stakeholders view and value these materials, and how this view is evolving as their potential as WTE feedstocks is realized.
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Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Waste-to-energy (WTE) technologies provide opportunities to use waste materials beneficially in producing power, transportation fuels, and chemicals. Using a suite of economic models, this study estimates prices of four WTE resources: food waste; fats, oils, and greases (FOG); animal manure; and sewage sludge. Some of these materials are commoditized (e.g. FOG) thus their price is determined by market demand. For the materials regarded as waste, the study relates price to the avoided cost of disposal through waste management alternatives such as landfilling. This study finds that significant amounts of these feedstocks could be available at negative prices, meaning that a potential bioenergy facility could receive these materials for free or be paid to accept them in some locations. It is estimated that about 61% of sewage sludge, 27% of manure, and 7% of food waste may be available at negative prices. These negative price feedstocks are not uniformly distributed and are most likely to occur in areas with organic waste disposal bans, high population densities, and high landfill tipping fees. This study intends to open an initial discussion into how stakeholders view and value these materials, and how this view is evolving as their potential as WTE feedstocks is realized.
Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Banking, Currency and Housing. Ad Hoc Committee on the Domestic and International Monetary Effect of Energy and Other Natural Resource Pricing
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Natural resources
Languages : en
Pages : 774
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Author: Peter G. Jordan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Energy policy
Languages : en
Pages : 116
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Author: Jahan Moghadam
Publisher:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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As Renewable Energy (RE) such as solar and wind power has become more heavily utilized as recognized energy sources over the last several years, general awareness of innovative forms of green energy production has increased. This paper reviews Waste-to-Energy (WtE), an innovative and emerging form of RE, in terms of acceptance by the public. This paper utilizes the Fishbein and Azjen (1975) Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) and Leadership-Led Change Theory of Andrews, McConnell, and Westcott (2010) for the basis for examining variables that relate to acceptance of WtE. The present research examines to what extent individuals' acceptance of WtE is predicted by attitudes regarding global warming, conventional energy use, U.S. energy production, government leadership change, trust in innovation, renewable energy knowledge, WtE knowledge, income, and net worth. All predictors except income showed statistically significant and positive correlations with acceptance of WtE. Multiple regression analysis revealed that four of these predictors had statistical significance and a positive relationship with WtE acceptance: knowledge of WtE, global warming and conventional energy beliefs, innovation trust, and net worth. Policy implication of this study is that education and marketing efforts should focus on increasing consumer knowledge of WtE as an innovative and trustworthy source of renewable energy.
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Languages : en
Pages : 0
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The goal of this project is to provide foundational data, strategic analyses, and modeling critical to the economic and environmental viability of the emerging WTE industry. It began in the last quarter of FY15 to support BETO's objectives in accelerating development of WTE technologies. These technologies offer alternative and sustainable solutions to waste disposal, a growing concern across the nation as population grows, and could present a niche opportunity for the bioeconomy of the future. Our approach is rigorous economic and geospatial modeling with input from key stakeholders. Accomplishments to date include: (1) Comprehensive estimate of wet WTE resource prices at county level and national/state supply curves, (2) Preliminary results of the wet WTE resources 'hot spot' analysis, and (3) Baseline, anaerobic digestion and composting pathway models for CBA of food waste (preliminary results provided to BETO). Our estimate of wet WTE resource prices indicate that some portion of the feedstock exists at a negative price. If a resource has been commoditized (e.g. FOG), its price is determined by market demand. If a resource is regarded as waste, its price is driven by the cost of its disposal. This analysis provides the first estimate of wet WTE resource prices. Our resource opportunity or 'hot spot' analysis indicates that high and very high potential is present in many states and follows population dynamics where fuel consumption is also high. Preliminary results for the cost-benefit analysis of food waste indicate that for a pathway to break even, it requires: (1) tipping fee, (2) a facility of particular scale (larger facilities are able to offset their costs easier) and to a lesser extent depends on the value of products. Geographic variances in pathways stem from differences in tipping fees, fuel/energy prices, and local wages. Project challenges include data availability and quality which were mitigated by ongoing industry input.
Author: Cecil B. Haver and Associates
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Water resources development
Languages : en
Pages : 348
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Author:
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Bench-scale reactor tests are in progress at Pacific Northwest Laboratory to develop a low-temperature, catalytic gasification system. The system, licensed under the trade name Thermochemical Environmental Energy System (TEES{reg sign}), is designed for treating a wide variety of feedstocks ranging from dilute organics in water to waste sludges from food processing. This report describes a test program which used a continuous-feed tubular reactor. This test program is an intermediate stage in the process development. The reactor is a laboratory-scale version of the commercial concept as currently envisioned by the process developers. An energy benefit and economic analysis was also completed on the process. Four conceptual commercial installations of the TEES process were evaluated for three food processing applications and one organic chemical manufacturing application. Net energy production (medium-Btu gas) was achieved in all four cases. The organic chemical application was found to be economically attractive in the present situation. Based on sensitivity studies included in the analysis, the three food processing cases will likely become attractive in the near future as waste disposal regulations tighten and disposal costs increase. 21 refs., 2 figs., 9 tabs.
Author:
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ISBN:
Category : Power resources
Languages : en
Pages : 664
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Author: Naomi B Klinghoffer
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0857096362
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 257
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Increasing global consumerism and population has led to an increase in the levels of waste produced. Waste to energy (WTE) conversion technologies can be employed to convert residual wastes into clean energy, rather than sending these wastes directly to landfill. Waste to energy conversion technology explores the systems, technology and impacts of waste to energy conversion. Part one provides an introduction to WTE conversion and reviews the waste hierarchy and WTE systems options along with the corresponding environmental, regulatory and techno-economic issues facing this technology. Part two goes on to explore further specific aspects of WTE systems, engineering and technology and includes chapters on municipal solid waste (MSW) combustion plants and WTE systems for district heating. Finally, part three highlights pollution control systems for waste to energy technologies. Waste to energy conversion technology is a standard reference book for plant managers, building engineers and consultants requiring an understanding of WTE technologies, and researchers, scientists and academics interested in the field. Reviews the waste hierarchy and waste to energy systems options along with the environmental and social impact of WTE conversion plants Explores the engineering and technology behind WTE systems including considerations of municipal solid waste (MSW) its treatment, combustion and gasification Considers pollution control systems for WTE technologies including the transformation of wast combustion facilities from major polluters to pollution sinks
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Power resources
Languages : en
Pages : 762
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