Ecohydrological Response of Dryland Ecosystems to Aridification: The Role of Runoff Water Redistribution PDF Download
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Author: Borja Rodríguez Lozano
Publisher: Universidad Almería
ISBN: 8413513405
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 233
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Book Description
In general, according to our results we may conclude that the effect of runoff water redistribution by increasing water and related nutrients for vegetation and underlying soil microbial communities buffer the expected negative response of drylands to aridification. The magnitude of this effect depends on the interplay with other environmental factors controlling soil hydrology, such as lithology legacy on soil properties. Finally, we found that this positive buffer effect could be counterbalance in areas of high human disturbance, as the negative effects of degradation on soils and vegetation could exacerbate runoff and nutrients losses and limit the capacity of the remaining vegetation to trap and retain the runoff-water and related nutrients. The new set of allometric equations developed in this thesis for the quantification of green biomass and the proposed ecohydrological index can be easily combined to provide a comprehensive coupled assessment of vegetation dynamics and the related processes of water and nutrient transfer from open spaces to plants. Thus, they constitute crucial tools for evaluating the effects of runoff water redistribution across different spatial and temporal scales and for incorporating these effects on Earth System Models (ESMs).
Author: Borja Rodríguez Lozano
Publisher: Universidad Almería
ISBN: 8413513405
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 233
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Book Description
In general, according to our results we may conclude that the effect of runoff water redistribution by increasing water and related nutrients for vegetation and underlying soil microbial communities buffer the expected negative response of drylands to aridification. The magnitude of this effect depends on the interplay with other environmental factors controlling soil hydrology, such as lithology legacy on soil properties. Finally, we found that this positive buffer effect could be counterbalance in areas of high human disturbance, as the negative effects of degradation on soils and vegetation could exacerbate runoff and nutrients losses and limit the capacity of the remaining vegetation to trap and retain the runoff-water and related nutrients. The new set of allometric equations developed in this thesis for the quantification of green biomass and the proposed ecohydrological index can be easily combined to provide a comprehensive coupled assessment of vegetation dynamics and the related processes of water and nutrient transfer from open spaces to plants. Thus, they constitute crucial tools for evaluating the effects of runoff water redistribution across different spatial and temporal scales and for incorporating these effects on Earth System Models (ESMs).
Author: Paolo D'Odorico
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9781402042591
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 358
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Book Description
Ecohydrology emerges as a new field of research aiming at furthering our understanding of the earth system through the study of the interactions between the water cycle and vegetation. By combining the analysis of biotic and abiotic components of terrestrial ecosystems, this volume provides a synthesis of material on arid and semiarid landscapes, which is currently spread in a number of books and journal articles. The focus on water-limited ecosystems is motivated by their high sensitivity to daily, seasonal, and decadal perturbations in water availability, and by the ecologic, climatic, and economic significance of most of the drylands around the world. Conceived as a tool for scientists working in the area of the earth and environmental sciences, this book presents the basic principles of eco-hydrology as well as a broad spectrum of topics and advances in this research field. The chapters collected in this book have been contributed by authors with different expertise, who work in several arid areas around the World. They describe the various interactions among the biological and physical dynamics in dryland ecosystems, starting from basic processes in the soil-vegetation-climate system, to landscape-scale hydrologic and geomorphic processes, ecohydrologic controls on soil nutrient dynamics, and multiscale analyses of disturbances and patterns.
Author: Andrew J. Baird
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 0415162726
Category : Ecology
Languages : en
Pages : 421
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Book Description
Leading ecologists and hydrologists present reviews of the eco-hydrology of drylands, wetlands, temperate and tropical rain forests, rivers and lakes, to offer an overview of the complex relationships between plants and water.
Author: Nancy Collins Johnson
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128043830
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 526
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Book Description
Mycorrhizal Mediation of Soil: Fertility, Structure, and Carbon Storage offers a better understanding of mycorrhizal mediation that will help inform earth system models and subsequently improve the accuracy of global carbon model predictions. Mycorrhizas transport tremendous quantities of plant-derived carbon below ground and are increasingly recognized for their importance in the creation, structure, and function of soils. Different global carbon models vary widely in their predictions of the dynamics of the terrestrial carbon pool, ranging from a large sink to a large source. This edited book presents a unique synthesis of the influence of environmental change on mycorrhizas across a wide range of ecosystems, as well as a clear examination of new discoveries and challenges for the future, to inform land management practices that preserve or increase below ground carbon storage. - Synthesizes the abundance of research on the influence of environmental change on mycorrhizas across a wide range of ecosystems from a variety of leading international researchers - Focuses on the specific role of mycorrhizal fungi in soil processes, with an emphasis on soil development and carbon storage, including coverage of cutting-edge methods and perspectives - Includes a chapter in each section on future avenues for further study
Author: James F. Hogan
Publisher: American Geophysical Union
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 310
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Book Description
Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Water Science and Application Series, Volume 9. Groundwater recharge, the flux of water across the water table, is arguably the most difficult component of the hydrologic cycle to measure. In arid and semiarid regions the problem is exacerbated by extremely small recharge fluxes that are highly variable in space and time. --from the Preface Groundwater Recharge in a Desert Environment: The Southwestern United States speaks to these issues by presenting new interpretations and research after more than two decades of discipline-wide study. Discussions ondeveloping environmental tracers to fingerprint sources and amounts of groundwater at the basin scalethe critical role of vegetation in hydroecological processesnew geophysical methods in quantifying channel rechargeapplying Geographical Information System (GIS) models to land surface processescoupling process-based vadose zone to groundwater modeling, and more make this book a significant resource for hydmlogists, biogeoscientists, and geochemists concerned with water and water-related issues in arid and semiarid regions.
Author: Bettina Weber
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319302140
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 540
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Book Description
This volume summarizes our current understanding of biological soil crusts (biocrusts), which are omnipresent in dryland regions. Since they cover the soil surface, they influence, or even control, all surface exchange processes. Being one of the oldest terrestrial communities, biocrusts comprise a high diversity of cyanobacteria, algae, lichens and bryophytes together with uncounted bacteria, and fungi. The authors show that biocrusts are an integral part of dryland ecosystems, stabilizing soils, influencing plant germination and growth, and playing a key role in carbon, nitrogen and water cycling. Initial attempts have been made to use biocrusts as models in ecological theory. On the other hand, biocrusts are endangered by local disruptions and global change, highlighting the need for enhanced recovery methods. This book offers a comprehensive overview of the fascinating field of biocrust research, making it indispensable not only for scientists in this area, but also for land managers, policy makers, and anyone interested in the environment.
Author: Kris M. Havstad
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0195344278
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 482
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Book Description
The Jornada Basin LTER is located in the Chihuahuan Desert, the largest in North America. This region of south central New Mexico has a history of nearly 100 years as the basis for scientific research. This work gives a thorough, encompassing review of the tremendous array of observations resulting from experiments conducted in this ecosystem. Beginning with thorough descriptions of the most salient features of the region, the book then reviews a wide range of archived and active data sets on a diversity of biotic and abiotic features. It next presents a syntheses of important topics including livestock grazing and remediation efforts. A concluding chapter provides a synthesis of the principles that have emerged from this body of work, and how these relate to the broader fields of ecology and natural resource management. It concludes with recommendations for future research directions. The insightful views expressed in this volume should guide management of arid landscapes globally. This is the sixth volume in the Long Term Ecological Network Series.
Author: Michael Cherlet
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789279753503
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Carlos Garcia
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128116889
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 290
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Book Description
The Future of Soil Carbon: Its Conservation and Formation provides readers with an integrative approach to understanding the important role of organic carbon in soil functioning and fertility. Terrestrial interactions between SOC and complex human-natural systems require new fundamental and applied research into regional and global SOC budgets. This book provides new and synthesized information on the dynamics of SOC in the terrestrial environment. In addition to rigorous state-of-the art on soil science, the book also provides strategies to avoid risks of soil carbon losses. Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a vital component of soils, with important and far-reaching effects on the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. Human activities over the last several decades have significantly changed the regional and global balance of SOC, greatly exacerbating global warming and climate change. - Provides a holistic overview of soil carbon status and main threats for its conservation - Offers innovative solutions to conserve soil carbon - Includes in-depth treatment of regional and global changes in soil organic carbon budget
Author: James Aronson
Publisher: Island Press
ISBN: 161091130X
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 352
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Book Description
Cork oak has historically been an important species in the western Mediterranean—ecologically as a canopy or “framework” tree in natural woodlands, and culturally as an economically valuable resource that underpins local economies. Both the natural woodlands and the derived cultural systems are experiencing rapid change, and whether or not they are resilient enough to adapt to that change is an open question. Cork Oak Woodlands on the Edge provides a synthesis of the most up-to-date, scientific, and practical information on the management of cork oak woodlands and the cultural systems that depend on cork oak. In addition, Cork Oak Woodlands on the Edge offers ten site profiles written by local experts that present an in-depth vision of cork oak woodlands across a range of biophysical, historical, and cultural contexts, with sixteen pages of full-color photos that illustrate the tree, agro-silvopastoral systems, products, resident biodiversity, and more. Cork Oak Woodlands on the Edge is an important book for anyone interested in the future of cork oak woodlands, or in the management of cultural landscapes and their associated land-use systems. In a changing world full of risks and surprises, it represents an excellent example of a multidisciplinary and holistic approach to studying, managing, and restoring an ecosystem, and will serve as a guide for other studies of this kind.
