Author: Brent LaVerne Reschly
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 92

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Book Description
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), is currently the second most important source of vegetable oil in the world. Seed dormancy in sunflowers poses a risk for off-season seed production in South America. Seed companies must hold the seed lots from sale until they meet minimum germination specifications and will not pose a risk for the customer. This investigation was undertaken to examine the differences in dormancy between SF270, a traditional oil sunflower hybrid, and X8927 a mid oleic sunflower hybrid. Seed was grown in Texas in 1999 and 2000. Samples were divided between three storage temperatures, constant 10°C, constant 14°C, and ambient room temperature and tested two times per month. The standard warm germination test, alternating 20-30°C warm germination test, and the ethrel warm germination test were used to evaluate germination and develop a dormancy profile for each genotype. A mathematical model was developed to calculate the average number of days to a specific germination value based on the laboratory germination data. The genotype SF270 broke dormancy soon after harvest, often before initial laboratory germination analysis could be completed. Genotype X8297 took longer to break dormancy than the traditional oil genotype. Both genotypes broke dormancy in a consistent pattern across the two production years. Storage of seed at constant 10°C, and constant 14°C prolonged the dormancy in both genotypes but, was more pronounced in the X8927 genotype. Storage at ambient room temperature had the most significant effect on breaking dormancy in the two genotypes. Of the three germination tests, the ethrel warm germination test was the best predictor of laboratory germination. Although these two genotypes cannot be considered representative of all genotypes, this study produced two very useful tools for seed producers. The model to calculate the average number of days after harvest to reach the target 85% germination goal, and the depth of dormancy or longevity of dormancy for a particular genotype. These tools can be used as a risk assessment tool to plan seed production placement, shipping, and anticipate product release.

Author: Robert L. Brunick
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sunflowers
Languages : en
Pages : 218

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Book Description
Elite inbred sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) lines were found to have short-lived embryo and seed covering dormancies. Seed dormancy of wild sunflowers (H. annuus, H. argophyllus and H. exilis) was found to be controlled primarily by the seed covering (seed coat and pericarp) and embryo dormancy was short-lived (four to eight weeks). Native American Landraces (NALs) had low to moderate embryo and seed covering dormancy, which was more similar to elite lines. The seed covering in the NALs contributed more to seed dormancy than did the seed covering in the elite lines. The seed coat itself was implicated in seed dormancy and the length of dormancy caused by the seed coat varied by accession and variety. Excising 1/4 of the seed, rather than removing the entire seed covering, increased germination but also increased the number of seed that decayed. Dormancy of embryos from 19 wild sunflower accessions ranging in south to north latitude from Texas to Saskatchewan, Canada was found to be highly variable; however seed covering dormancy was similar among all the wild accessions in the northern latitudes. Germination of accessions in the most southern latitudes was greater (P

Author: Iowa State University
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Commencement ceremonies
Languages : en
Pages : 366

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 306

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Book Description
"Education, arts and social sciences, natural and technical sciences in the United States and Canada".

Author: K. S. Krishna Murty
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 140

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Book Description

Author: P. Bhaskara Rao
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 110

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 1390

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Book Description

Author: Juan Ignacio Arribas
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
ISBN: 9781631173479
Category : Sunflowers
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
This book presents a broad number of recent discoveries, advances and important results concerning sunflower (Helianthus annus) crops and its related fields, with emphasis on the detailed study of several diseases and pests that can affect sunflowers (production, water resources needed, economy impact) in different regions of the globe, including Russia, both North and South America, Africa, India and Europe. We are all well aware of the increasing importance, as well as the economic impact that these plants have reached in recent years, not only in the food industry but also in the western energy market, with the increasing use of sunflower oil as a natural energy resource for biodiesel and biofuel. Apart from the interesting recent advances, results and conclusions presented in every chapter, plenty of visual and graphical content comprised of tables, charts, graphs, pictures and high quality detailed photographs and images showing different issues and problems regarding sunflower crops are also included. The manuscript chapters have been authored by experts in the field and in addition all of them underwent a stringent peer review process by expert reviewers to assure a high final scientific quality.

Author: Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 303050672X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 926

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Book Description
This book focuses on food security and safety issues in Africa, a continent presently challenged with malnutrition and food insecurity. The continuous increase in the human population of Africa will lead to higher food demands, and climate change has already affected food production in most parts of Africa, resulting in drought, reduced crop yields, and loss of livestock and income. For Africa to be food-secure, safe and nutritious food has to be available, well-distributed, and sufficient to meet people’s food requirements. Contributors to Food Security and Safety: African Perspectives offer solutions to the lack of adequate safe and nutritious food in sub-Saharan Africa, as well as highlight the positive efforts being made to address this lack through a holistic approach. The book discusses the various methods used to enhance food security, such as food fortification, fermentation, genetic modification, and plant breeding for improved yield and resistance to diseases. Authors emphasize the importance of hygiene and food safety in food preparation and preservation, and address how the constraints of climate change could be overcome using smart crops. As a comprehensive reference text, Food Security and Safety: African Perspectives seeks to address challenges specific to the African continent while enhancing the global knowledge base around food security, food safety, and food production in an era of rapid climate change.

Author: Enrique Martínez-Force
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1630670626
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 731

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Book Description
This comprehensive reference delivers key information on all aspects of sunflower. With over 20 chapters, this book provides an extensive review of the latest developments in sunflower genetics, breeding, processing, quality, and utilization; including food, energy and industrial bioproduct applications. World-renowned experts in this field review U.S. and international practices, production, and processing aspects of sunflower. - Presents seven chapters on improving sunflower production with insights on breeding and genetics; physiology and agronomy; common insect and bird pests; mutagenesis; and identifying and preventing diseases. - Summarizes current knowledge of sunflower oil uses in food, oxididative stability, minor constituents, and lipids biosynthesis. - Ideal reference for scientists, researchers, and students from across industry, academia, and government.