Mémoires, Plaidoiries Et Documents

Mémoires, Plaidoiries Et Documents PDF Author: International Court of Justice
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Arbitration (International law)
Languages : en
Pages : 500

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Mémoires, Plaidoiries Et Documents

Mémoires, Plaidoiries Et Documents PDF Author: International Court of Justice
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Arbitration (International law)
Languages : en
Pages : 500

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Book Description


Freedom in the World 2012

Freedom in the World 2012 PDF Author: Freedom House
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
ISBN: 9781442217942
Category : Civil rights
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
A survey of the state of human freedom around the world investigates such crucial indicators as the status of civil and political liberties and provides individual country reports.

Yearbook of International Organizations

Yearbook of International Organizations PDF Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : International agencies
Languages : en
Pages : 1816

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Book Description


Witnesses to History

Witnesses to History PDF Author: Lyndel V. Prott
Publisher: UNESCO
ISBN: 9231041282
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 465

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Book Description
This Compendium gives an outline of the historical, philosophical and ethical aspects of the return of cultural objects (e.g. cultural objects displaced during war or in colonial contexts), cites past and present cases (Maya Temple Facade, Nigerian Bronzes, United States of America v. Schultz, Parthenon Marbles and many more) and analyses legal issues (bona fide, relevant UNESCO and UNIDROIT Conventions, Supreme Court Decisions, procedure for requests etc.). It is a landmark publication that bears testament to the ways in which peoples have lost their entire cultural heritage and analyses the issue of its return and restitution by providing a wide range of perspectives on this subject. Essential reading for students, specialists, scholars and decision-makers as well as those interested in these topics.

The Continental Shelf

The Continental Shelf PDF Author: M. W. Mouton
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9401759669
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 378

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Book Description


Getting MAD: Nuclear Mutual Assured Destruction, Its Origins and Practice

Getting MAD: Nuclear Mutual Assured Destruction, Its Origins and Practice PDF Author:
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1428910336
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 369

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Book Description
Nearly 40 years after the concept of finite deterrence was popularized by the Johnson administration, nuclear Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD) thinking appears to be in decline. The United States has rejected the notion that threatening population centers with nuclear attacks is a legitimate way to assure deterrence. Most recently, it withdrew from the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty, an agreement based on MAD. American opposition to MAD also is reflected in the Bush administration's desire to develop smaller, more accurate nuclear weapons that would reduce the number of innocent civilians killed in a nuclear strike. Still, MAD is influential in a number of ways. First, other countries, like China, have not abandoned the idea that holding their adversaries' cities at risk is necessary to assure their own strategic security. Nor have U.S. and allied security officials and experts fully abandoned the idea. At a minimum, acquiring nuclear weapons is still viewed as being sensible to face off a hostile neighbor that might strike one's own cities. Thus, our diplomats have been warning China that Japan would be under tremendous pressure to go nuclear if North Korea persisted in acquiring a few crude weapons of its own. Similarly, Israeli officials have long argued, without criticism, that they would not be second in acquiring nuclear weapons in the Middle East. Indeed, given that Israelis surrounded by enemies that would not hesitate to destroy its population if they could, Washington finds Israel's retention of a significant nuclear capability totally "understandable."

Origins Of The Gulag

Origins Of The Gulag PDF Author: Michael Jakobson
Publisher: University Press of Kentucky
ISBN: 081316138X
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 191

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Book Description
A vast network of prison camps was an essential part of the Stalinist system. Conditions in the camps were brutal, life expectancy short. At their peak, they housed millions, and hardly an individual in the Soviet Union remained untouched by their tentacles. Michael Jakobson's is the first study to examine the most crucial period in the history of the camps: from the October Revolution of 1917, when the tsarist prison system was destroyed to October 1934, when all places of confinement were consolidated under one agency—the infamous GULAG. The prison camps served the Soviet government in many ways: to isolate opponents and frighten the population into submission, to increase labor productivity through the arrest of "inefficient" workers, and to provide labor for factories, mines, lumbering, and construction projects. Jakobson focuses on the structure and interrelations of prison agencies, the Bolshevik views of crime and punishment and inmate reeducation, and prison self-sufficiency. He also describes how political conditions and competition among prison agencies contributed to an unprecedented expansion of the system. Finally, he disputes the official claim of 1931 that the system was profitable—a claim long accepted by former inmates and Western researchers and used to explain the proliferation of the camps and their population. Did Marxism or the Bolshevik Revolution or Leninism inexorably lead to the GULAG system? Were its origins truly evil or merely banal? Jakobson's important book probes the official record to cast new light on a system that for a time supported but ultimately helped destroy the now fallen Soviet colossus.

The National Union Catalog, Pre-1956 Imprints

The National Union Catalog, Pre-1956 Imprints PDF Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Union catalogs
Languages : en
Pages : 714

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Book Description


Understanding and Proving International Sex Crimes

Understanding and Proving International Sex Crimes PDF Author: Morten Bergsmo
Publisher: Torkel Opsahl Academic EPublisher
ISBN: 8293081295
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 918

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Book Description
"[This anthology] addresses the gap betwen international standard-setting prohibiting international sex crimes and actual accountability for individuals who are responsible for such crimes. The book provides detailed analysis of the legal requirements of international sex crimes and types of fact that can be used to meet these requirements. It includes a unique knowledge-base that digests international case law on such crimes. The anthology also contains several studies of institutional and evidentiary challenges in the prosecution of international sex crimes"--Series pref.

The Animal Rights Struggle

The Animal Rights Struggle PDF Author: Christophe Traïni
Publisher: Protest and Social Movements
ISBN: 9789089648495
Category : Animal rights
Languages : en
Pages : 206

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Book Description
From the beginning of the 19th century to the present day, a host of campaigners have denounced the mistreatment of animals. Relying on a comparison of the British and French experiences, this book retraces the various strands of the animal protection movement, from their origins to their continuing impact on current debates. The story of the collective mobilizations behind the struggle for animal rights sheds light on several crucial processes in our social and political history: changes in sensibilities and socially approved emotions; the definition of what constitutes legitimate violence; the establishment of norms designed to change what constitutes morally acceptable practices; rivalry between elites having differing conceptions of the forms authority should take; the influence of religious belief on militant activities; and the effects of gender discrimination.--