Do Large-Scale Forestry Companies Generate Prosperity in Indigenous Communities? The Socio-Economic Impacts of Tree Plantations in Southern Chile PDF Download
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Author: Alvaro Hofflinger
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 25
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Book Description
Since the 1980s, forest plantations have expanded globally in response to the commercial demand for wood products. Research has focused mainly on the economic and environmental impacts (carbon reduction) of the forestry industry. There has been less interest in the social impact of large-scale forestry plantations; in particular, what has been the effect of the expansion of tree plantations on local communities. This research focuses on this issue and evaluates the positive (employment and income) and negative (poverty and income inequality) externalities of the expansion of the forestry industry in Indigenous and non-Indigenous population located in six regions of Southern Chile, where 73% of the rural Indigenous people live, over the period 1997-2015. The findings show that the expansion of the forestry industry has not reduced unemployment or improved incomes for the Indigenous or non-Indigenous population. On the contrary, it has increased poverty and inequality between them.
Author: Alvaro Hofflinger
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 25
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Book Description
Since the 1980s, forest plantations have expanded globally in response to the commercial demand for wood products. Research has focused mainly on the economic and environmental impacts (carbon reduction) of the forestry industry. There has been less interest in the social impact of large-scale forestry plantations; in particular, what has been the effect of the expansion of tree plantations on local communities. This research focuses on this issue and evaluates the positive (employment and income) and negative (poverty and income inequality) externalities of the expansion of the forestry industry in Indigenous and non-Indigenous population located in six regions of Southern Chile, where 73% of the rural Indigenous people live, over the period 1997-2015. The findings show that the expansion of the forestry industry has not reduced unemployment or improved incomes for the Indigenous or non-Indigenous population. On the contrary, it has increased poverty and inequality between them.
Author: Fiona Nunan
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1000581543
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 713
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Book Description
The Routledge Handbook on Livelihoods in the Global South presents a unique, timely, comprehensive overview of livelihoods in low- and middle-income countries. Since their widespread adoption in the 1990s, livelihoods perspectives, frameworks and methods have influenced diverse areas of research, policy and practice. The concept of livelihoods reflects the complexity of strategies and practices used by individuals, households and communities to meet their needs and live their lives. The Handbook brings together insights and critical analysis from diverse approaches and experiences, learning from research and practice over the last 30 years. The Handbook comprises an introductory section on key concepts and frameworks, followed by five parts, on researching livelihoods, negotiating livelihoods, generating livelihoods, enabling livelihoods and contextualising livelihoods. The introduction provides readers with an appreciation of concepts researched and applied in the five parts, including chapters on vulnerability and resilience, social capital and networks, and institutions. Each part reflects the diversity of approaches taken to understanding livelihoods, whilst recognising commonalities, including the centrality of power in shaping, enabling and constraining livelihoods. The book also reflects diversity of context, including conflict, climate change and religion, as well as in generating livelihoods, through agriculture, small-scale mining and pastoralism. The aim of each chapter is to provide a critically informed introduction and overview of key concepts, issues and debates of relevance to the topic, with each chapter concluding with suggestions for further reading. It will be an essential resource to students, researchers and practitioners of international development and related fields. Researchers and practitioners will also benefit from the book's diverse disciplinary contributions and by the wide and contemporary coverage.
Author: Nicholas McGuinn
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1040222560
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 217
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Book Description
This creative volume demonstrates the urgent importance of engaging students cognitively and affectively with the climate crisis and environmental education, underpinning the vital role the language arts play in expanding this engagement for a better future. Moving beyond the basic modalities of English, chapters written by an internationally diverse group of contributors advocate for the integration of language arts with environmental education through broad representation of creative subdisciplines: drama, visual literacy, philosophy, poetry, student voice and more. These subdisciplines are explored to suggest the context in which environmental degradation, forest ecologies, carbon literacy and indigenous knowledges are taught, further helping students to develop a comprehensive view of how they can effect change. Ultimately, the book makes a compelling argument by emphasising the significance of interdisciplinary learning in fostering a holistic understanding of environmental issues. This volume will appeal to scholars, researchers and postgraduate students in the field of environmental and sustainability education, English and literacy/language arts and teacher education more broadly. Undergraduate students, policymakers, environmental educators and curriculum designers may also benefit from this volume.
Author: Felix Fuders
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030353796
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 280
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Book Description
This book proposes strategies for improving the resilience and conservation of temperate forests in South America, such that these forests can provide ecosystem services in a sustainable way. As such it contributes to the design of a resilient human-forest model that takes into account the multiculturalism of local communities, in many cases including aspects of ecological economics, development economics and territorial development planning that are related to indigenous peoples or first nations. Further, it provides proposals for public and territorial policies that improve the state of conservation of native forests and forest ecosystems, based on a critical analysis of the economic factors that lead to the degradation of forest ecosystems in South America today. This edition was conceived by members of the Transdisciplinary Research Center for Social and Ecological Strategies for Sustainable Forest Management in South America at the Universidad Austral de Chile. It includes contributions by distinguished researchers from around the world, combining the fields of economics, ecology, biology, anthropology, sociology and statistics. It is not, however, simply a collection of works written by authors from different disciplines, but rather each chapter is in itself transdisciplinary. This approach makes the book a unique contribution to enhancing social, managerial and political approaches to forestry management, helping to protect forest ecosystem services and make them more sustainable. This, in turn, will benefit local communities and society as a whole, by reducing the negative externalities of forestry management and enhancing future opportunities.
Author: Alejandro Mora-Motta
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1003857922
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 229
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Book Description
This book examines how extractivism transforms territories and affects the well-being of rural people, drawing on in-depth fieldwork conducted on tree plantations in Chile. The book argues that pine and eucalyptus monoculture plantations in southern Chile are a form of extractivism representing a mode of nature appropriation that captures large amounts of natural resources to produce wooden-based raw materials with little processing and an export-oriented focus. The book discusses the nexus of extractivism, territorial transformations, well-being, and emerging resistances using a participatory action research methodological approach in the Region of Los Ríos, southern Chile. The findings show how the configuration of an extractivist logging enclave generated a substantial and irrevocable reordering of human-nature relations, resulting in the territorial and ontological occupation of rural places that disrupted the fundamental human needs of peasants and indigenous people. The book maintains that Chile's green growth development approach does not challenge the consolidated tree plantation enclave controlled by large multinationals. Instead, green growth legitimises the extractivist logic. The book draws parallels with other countries and regions to contribute to wider debates surrounding these topics. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of the extractive industries, development studies, political ecology, and natural resource governance.
Author: Christian Cossalter
Publisher: CIFOR
ISBN: 9793361638
Category :
Languages : ja
Pages : 66
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Book Description
A brief history of plantations. Environmental issues. Plantations and biodiversity. Water matters. Plantations and the soil. Pests: plantations' achilles' heel? Genetically modified trees: opportunity or treath? Plantations and global warming. Social issues. Employement: a contested balance sheet. Land tenure and conflict. Economic issues. Spiralling demand. Incentives and subsidies. Economies of scale. Costing the earth.
Author: Ricardo Carriere
Publisher: Zed Books
ISBN: 9781856494380
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 290
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Book Description
The expansion of the pulp and paper industry is one of the most important causes of land and water conflicts in the South. This book examines the threat to livelihood, soil and biodiversity generated by large-scale pulpwood plantations in the South.
Author: Tyler Neal McFadden
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The planet is currently undergoing a period of rapid environmental change, affecting not only individual species, but also the interactions and communities of which they are a part. The disruption of species interactions in turn has far-reaching consequences for ecosystem functioning and human wellbeing. Land use change is a leading driver of biodiversity loss, yet global patterns of land use change have dramatically shifted over the last two decades. Whereas much of the land use literature has focused on the impacts of forest clearing, current land use change is increasingly related to afforestation and the establishment of tree plantations for timber, agriculture, or carbon sequestration. This changing face of land use change offers a new set of challenges and opportunities for biodiversity conservation in working landscapes. Plantations now represent 7% of global land area covered by trees and may provide some habitat for biodiversity where natural forests are scarce. However, they may also replace natural forests and are often criticized as 'biological deserts' that support little biodiversity. In this dissertation, I examine the consequences of tree plantations for biodiversity, with the goal of identifying practical strategies for improving conservation outcomes in plantation landscapes. In my empirical chapters, I use birds as ecological indicators, and I focus on the case of tree plantations in south-central Chile, a global biodiversity hotspot and major timber producing region. Here, tree plantations have dramatically expanded during the last 50 years and prompted widespread concern about their impacts on native biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. After a brief introduction, I begin in Chapter 1 with a literature review of biodiversity in Chilean tree plantations. I found that although plantations can sometimes support substantial biodiversity, there is limited quantitative guidance on how specific management practices mitigate or exacerbate plantation impacts. Attempting to fill this gap, in Chapter 2 I show how landscape tree cover and plantation harvest rates mediate the effects of tree plantations on forest birds. Based on these results, I developed quantitative guidelines for plantation management and assessed current progress towards meeting these criteria in my study area. In doing so, I demonstrate a practical approach for developing ecologically informed, measurable, and verifiable standards to assess plantation contributions to biodiversity conservation goals. In Chapter 3, however, I found that using species occurrence as an indicator of habitat quality may actually underestimate plantation impacts on biodiversity. Although Green-backed Firecrowns frequently occurred in tree plantations, they preferred native forests, which offered more flower resources than plantations, and birds captured in plantations had poorer body condition. This finding supports a growing recognition that static representations of ecological communities often misrepresent the true impacts of environmental change. In response, in Chapter 4, I propose a new conceptual and analytical framework (Predictive Multilayer Networks) for evaluating the multifaceted impacts of environmental change on ecological communities. This framework integrates species interaction networks and spatial networks under a single predictive framework, thereby synthesizing knowledge and techniques from community and landscape ecology and supporting a more holistic understanding of ecological dynamics. The ongoing global expansion of tree plantations represents a major shift in human land use patterns with highly uncertain implications for biodiversity. My research identifies numerous concrete actions that can be taken to reduce plantation impacts. The most important of these is that plantations should not replace native forests. However, there is mounting evidence that protected areas in and of themselves will be unable to reverse the current global biodiversity crisis. Expanding conservation efforts to working lands and other human-dominated landscapes is therefore essential to achieving global biodiversity conservation goals.
Author: Ronnie de Camino
Publisher: Inter-American Development Bank
ISBN: 1886938342
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 293
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Book Description
"Forest Resource Policy in Latin America" gathers the thinking of a score of experts on sustainable use and management of forests, including incentives for investment. The authors tackle the thorny social issues of property rights, deforestation, and forest management and ownership by indigenous people and take a hard look at the trade and environmental issues in forest production that will affect future directions for sustainable forestry development in Latin America. Some argue that the main opportunity to conserve natural forests lies in recognizing and paying for the environmental services they provide. In addition, compensatory measures such as the establishment and better management of strictly protected areas appear to be the best tools to delay the loss of ecosystems and species. Alternative forest concession policies and trade and environmental issues in forest production are also analyzed.
Author: Michael Garforth
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1136559663
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 329
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Book Description
"Examines the evidence and explores the many issues raised by changing relationships between the state, the private sector and local livelihoods. Key lessons in how governments can best achieve a balance between private and public involvement are provided by seven case studies from Australia, China, Chile, India, New Zealand, South Africa and the United Kingdom"--Provided by publisher.
